【Objective】To investigate the effect of ethylene and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment on the terpenoid fragrance of Hedychium coronarium and analyze the expressions of related genes.【Method】H. coronarium was treated separately with 10 μL·L^-1 ethylene and 4 μL·L^-1 ethylene inhibitor 1-MCP for 8 h. Volatile scent compounds were measured by headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the obtained ion chromatograms were analyzed using NIST 08 database. The expressions of related genes were analyzed by fluorescence quantitative PCR.【Result】After ethylene treatment, the emissions of volatile scent compounds ocimene, linalool, allo-ocimene, β-caryophyllene and α-farnesene increased significantly, and the expressions of related terpene synthase genes HcTPS1, HcTPS3 and HcTPS10 increased by 116%, 182% and 63% respectively. After 1-MCP treatment, the emissions of ocimene, allo-ocimene and α-farnesene decreased significantly, and the expressions of HcTPS1, HcTPS3 and HcTPS10 decreased by 45%, 30% and 30% respectively. After ethylene treatment, the expressions of nuclear transcription factors HcEIL1-1 and HcEIL1-2 increased by 1.51 and 2.14 times respectively. After 1-MCP treatment, the expressions of HcEIL1-1 and HcEIL1-2 decreased by 30% and 60% respectively.【Conclusion】Exogenous ethylene can increase the emission of terpenoids in H. coronarium. The expression patterns of HcEIL1-1 and HcEIL1-2, the nuclear transcription factors in ethylene signaling pathway, were consistent with the expression pattern of terpenoid synthase genes.