An analysis of the 4-year trial of Taiwania flousiana Gaussen provenances and families among a provenance indicated significant growth differences between provenances and between families. Among the genetic variance, the variance components of provenances were greater than those of families, so the provenance selection should be preferential and followed by family selection. Evaluated with the values of principal genetic index based on height, diameter and single volume, Guizhou Ge, Guizhou Jiao, Guizhou Ang, Yunnan Longling and Guizhou Dan were found to be elite provenances. The genetic gain of single volume was 26 33% and the actual gain was 30 75%. No significant geography variation trend for provenances was discovered.