Japonica rice Taichung 65 and its pollen sterile near-isogenic lines were used to study the function of specific-compatibility gene in vitro in order to further perfect the academic viewpoint. By the studies, the main results were as follows: During the anther culture, there were no obvious differences in the pollen callus induction ability between the recurrent parent and their F_1. It meant that the pollen sterility genes which lead to the pollen abortion in vivo might not lead to the decrease of the pollen callus induction ability in vitro. But there was a distinct difference in anther dehiscence between the recurrent parent and their F_1. The lower the pollen fertility was, the worse anther dehiscence was. The character of anther dehiscence might connect with the pollen abortion.