【Objective】To investigate the effects of special fertilizer for aromatic rice on characteristics of photosynthesis and matter production of aromatic rice. 【Method】A field contrast experiment was conducted with four conventional aromatic rice cultivars， Guixiangzhan， Nongxiang 18， Xiangyaxiangzhan and Meixiangzhan， to evaluate the effects of special fertilizer for aromatic rice （SF） and conventional fertilizer （CK） on relative chlorophyll content （SPAD）， leaf area index （LAI）， net photosynthetic rate， photosynthetic potential， crop growth rate， dry matter accumulation of population， harvest index and grain yield.【Result and conclusion】The results showed that compared with CK， special fertilizer for aromatic rice could significantly increase SPAD， LAI， net photosynthetic rate and crop growth rate of four aromatic rice cultivars at the later growth stage. SF could generally improve harvest index and grain yield，including a significant yield increase of Guixiangzhan， Xiangyaxiangzhan and Meixiangzhan， an increase of 16.46%-22.33%. The capacity of photosynthesis and matter production of aromatic rice cultivars at the later growth stages under SF have obvious advantages， and SF promotes the matter production and accumulation. Therefore， the grain yield increases.