【Objective】The purpose of this study is to establish the SRAP-PCR reaction system for Canavalia ensiformis. 【Method】An optimization experiment with single factor design was conducted， comprising five factors of Taq DNA polymerase， Mg²⁺， primer， dNTPs and DNA template， each with eight concentration levels，aiming to screen their suitable concentration range. After that， uniform design U16（4⁵）and U12（3⁵） were operated in order to improve the accuracy. 【Result and conclusion】The results showed that the optimum SRAP-PCR system was established， including Mg2²⁺ 1.75 mmol/L， dNTPs 200 μmol/L，primers 0.36 μmol/L， Taq DNA polymerase 0.06 U/μL and DNA template 40 ng in the 25 μL reaction system. The reaction system is steady and dependable， which can be applied to the analysis of Canavalia ensiformis by SRAP.