It has been 32 years since China’s first process of taking seeds of rice and other crops to space with return satellite in 1987. In this paper, the main achievements of crop space breeding over the past 30 years were reviewed, including the mechanisms of rice space mutation, the general key technologies for space bio-breeding, the germplasm (gene) innovation from space mutation, the development and application of new green rice varieties with superior quality and high yield. The perspective development strategies of space breeding were also discussed.