Abstract:香蕉(Musa acuminata Vwarf Cavendish AAA组)采收后在20～30℃室温下后熟,一般经两周后出现呼吸跃交,呼吸速率从刚采收的20～30mgCO_2·kg~(-1)·h~(-1)(27℃测定)急剧上升至120～150mgCO_2·kg~(-1)·h~(-1),以后下降。末成熟(熟度70～30％)的香蕉含淀粉较高,约10～14％,可溶性糖在1％以下;随着成熟度的增加,淀粉逐渐水解,至完熟时,下降至1％以下,可溶性糖则增至15～18％。淀粉转化与呼吸跃变的高峰期基本同时出现。呼吸高峰过后,含糖量下降。果皮叶绿素含量随果实成熟而下降,从10mg·100g~(-1)下降至3～7mg·100g~(-1)。完熟后期果皮渐变为黄褐色。果肉含水量随果实成熟从76.27％增至81.14％;果肉与果皮的比率则从1.14增至1.81。经保鲜剂处理的香蕉果实,其呼吸跃变的出现以及淀粉的分解和可溶性糖的积累均延迟约7天,呼吸高峰值亦略降低,但对淀粉和糖的最终含量无显著影响。生产上可根据香蕉采后生理特性,使用综合保鲜技术,延缓生理进程,防止病害侵染,以延长果实的寿命。

Abstract:In this paper,the life tables and indices of population control(IPC)were applied at the methods to evaluate the effect of several insecticides on the population dynamics of the rice-brown planthopper,Nilaparvata lugens Stao1.At the same time,the population dynamics of natural enemies in rice fields were also studied,and the response of two major natural enemies to several insecticides was examined by toxicity tests.The experimental results showed that the IPC of area spraying Quinaphos(14.36)was much lower than that of the control(28.43)(the population trend of next generation was upward),while control effect was unsatisfactory,because of having killed a proportion of natural enemies in the paddy field.The IPC of MIPC was only a little higher than that of the control(29.40).The IPC of Applaud was highest(65.96)and its index of pepulation trend was lowest(.7523),this insecticide being an insect regulator with high activity on Homop-tera,killed mainly rice plant hoppers and favoured most of natural enemies in rice fields.Therefore,it not only decreased the abundance of the rice planthoppers,but also increased omparatively the effect of natural enemies.As a result,the population of the brown planthopper was controlled effectively.The life table and the index of population control(IPC)are helpful in evaluating the efficacy of insecticides harmonic to natural enemies.

Abstract:In laboratory experiments,several bioassay methods were used to evaluate the activities of buprofezin against brown planthopper(BPH,Nilaparvata lugens)nymphs.Results showed that the contact effect is the major mode of action of buprofezin.Although it also possesses systemic action,this has no practical impo tince in field control.Buprofezin showed no effects on the nymphs confined to the rice leaf sheathes when only the leaves were treated with buprofezin.In field exper.ments,buprofezin showed much higher efficacy in controlling both the BPH and the whitebacked planthopper(WBPH,Sogatella furcifera)than the conventional insecticides MIPC and methamidaphos.The number of planthoppers was suppressed to a very low level within a long period of more than 1 month after treatment by 37.5-75g(AI)/ha.of buprofezin,Field experiments also indicated that buprofezin had little detrimental effects on spicers which are important natural enemies of planthoppers.

Abstract:The northern part of Guangdong Province is located in the transition zone of the southern,and mid-subtropics.There are 3.68 million mu(1mu=1/15 hect.)of cultivated land in this area which is high in light energy,rich in rainfall,very mountainous and hilly and sparsely populated.It is a region with high potential for development.After analysis of the characteristics of the natural conditions and agricultural production in Northern Guangdong,we evatlued the ipoten al of eight main crops and subtropical pattrn of multicropping.This paper indicates that:(1)The utilization of light energy and thermal potential of rice and sugar cane(in the southern part of Northern Guangdong)is high.They are the local dominant crop(2)The multicropping system consist of early rice with late rice,peanut,sweet potatoe corn etc.and sugar cane continuous cropping.The double cropping and triple cropping in paddy field is high yielding in Northern Guangdong.Important factors having marked influence upon the potential in farm land production are as follows:(1)Low temprature in the earlyspring have an effect on rape and wheat.(2)"August drought" and "September-October 'Han Lu' wind" have an effect on late rice and autumn cropping.(3)Luck of agtoecological view point,and neglect in integrating economic,(?)and eco logical benefits.(4)Low land utilization rate(5)Low sequential cropping index.(6)Lack of organic fertllizeand bliad application of fertilizer.The Key measures for exploiting crop production potential are the following:(1)To construct fields resistance to drought and wind.(2)To design multicropping tem revolving around inert ase in rice yield.(3)To establish a high yielding plant population in the field.(4)To adopt scientific diagnosis when applying fertilizer.(5)To improve the soil fertility level by application of organic and inorganic fertilizers.(6)To select good varieties.

Abstract:温度显著地影响花生体内对氨基苯磺酸钠复合物的形成。根部浸药的花生小苗在35℃时体内形成对氨基苯磺酸钠复合物的量极显著高于17、25、30、32和40℃。花生离体叶酸合成酶的试验结果与小苗试验结果基本一致,都表明较高温度有利于对氨基苯磺酸钠复合物的形成,当温度达35℃左右复合物形成的量达最大值。这与田间观察到的高温客易产生药害是基本一致的。这说明形成对氨基苯磺酸钠复合物与药害的产生有密切的内在联系。 对氨基苯磺酸钠复合物在60℃时显著分解,在50℃以下较稳定。温度对复合物分解曲线显S型,其方程为: x=159.91/(1+e~(66434-0.1025)+396

Abstract:马尼拉陡胸茧蜂对斜纹夜蛾幼虫不同密度的功能反应属于Holling第Ⅱ型,按Holling(1959)圆盘方程测定了雌蜂攻击力,其攻击(寄生)的理论上限为171头。陡胸茧蜂间存在相互干扰作用,其寄生效应随自身密度的增加按Watt(1959)模型下降。当蜂密度不变、奇主密度变动时,被寄生的奇主数随着寄主密度的增加而增加,逐渐趋向其寄生数量的理论上限,但寄生率随之而逐渐下降;当寄主密度不变、蜂密度变动时,被寄生的奇主数和寄生率随蜂密度的增加而呈对数函数曲线增长。

Abstract:A series of experiments and otservations were dore on bile derived from different anim-species.The main physiological effects of the biles were alowing-down of the heart-rsate,inc teasing the treathing irequency and depressing blood pressure.The grass carp bile had thn strongest effects described above among the tested biles,and could disturb the bloocrcpae n lation,damage the blood vessels and cause degeneration of parenchymatous cells in the experi-mental animals.Blindnes could be caused by cropping 30% grass carp bile into the eyes.Thei results showed that the components and effeets of animal bile derived from varlous specie are different,and sometimes the differences are very great It was suggested that ore shorpl be very cautions when useing bile medicinally.

Abstract:本文认为苦楝(Melia azedarach L.)油对桔全爪螨Panonychus Citri(McG.)的毒杀作用,可能是因油剂堵塞螨的气门造成窒息而死亡。用电镜扫描的方法比较了桔全爪螨和捕食螨的气门结构,指出气门结构的差异是产生选择毒性的主要原因。本文提出了乳化苦楝油的经济、简易、有效的配方和方法。室内测定,苦楝油对桔全爪螨LC_(50)为0.27％;大田防治试验的效果达93.7％,是一种优良的高效杀螨剂。利用植物油防治柑桔叶螨具有广阔的前途。

Abstract:D Aiallel cress with 8 varieties of wheat (T.aestivum L.)which had different resistance to scab (Gibberella zeae (Schw.) Petch) was tested.Combining ability of diseased spikelets,eritability,correlations of characters and spreading rate of disease were analysed.There-cults showed that varietal resistance to scab was determined by additive effect of genes was.not very important.Heritability for scab resistant was rather low and affected by environ mental factors.It was also demonstrated that in number of diseased spikelets to effective spikelets and to spikelet density there existed positive correlation between phenotypeand genotype.There was weak negative correlation of phenotype and genotype between diseasedpikelet number and plant height,panicle lenght,noneffective spikelet number and grain number.There was significant correlation between the characters mentioned above and varie-tal resistance to scab.The incubation periods of the highly susceptible variety-Fulon Shen and highly resistant variety-Wan Shube were the longest and the shortest,respectively.The incubation periods of the other varieties were between 6.2 to 6.9 days.The sprading rates.of highly resistant varieties and highly susceptible varieties for scab were slower and faster respectively

Abstract:This paper deals with observation of the morphology of DHV,applying immune electron microscopy,and histopathologic changes of embryonating chicken eggs inoculated with DHV.DHV particles were spherical,without envelope and 15-20 nm in diameter.Ten-day old embryonating chicken eggs inoculated with DHV were killed and examined histologically under the light microscope and electron microscope at regular intervals up to the death of the infected embryos.Histopathologic changes seen under the light microscope included lymphocyte infiltration of the liver sinusoids,degeneration and necrosis of the hepatic cells,congestion and hemorrhage of the liver,lymphocyte infiltration of the pia mater encephali and capillary blood congestion of the cerebrum.Electron microscope examination of the liver revealed many vesicles in the intracellular space of the hepatocytes,high electron dense particles in the cytoplasm,cytoplasmic vac-uoles and shrunken nuclei.Finally,the nuclear membranes wrinkled and ruptured.Theplasma membianes burst and crganelles spilled or disappeared.Brain cells observed under the electron microscope showed that the endoplasmic reticulumdilated and formed small vesicles.The nuclear membrane also ruptured and organelleswere released.Viruslike particles were found in Disse's space and in the membrane-limited vesiclneithe cytoplasm near the cell membrane.

Abstract:The modified seedling bulk screening test was used to evaluate the resistance to the browns planthopper in cultivated and wild rice,where five second or third-instar nymphs were used to infest each seedling at the 3.5 to 4 leaf stage.The results indicated that this screening technique could be used efficiently to identify resistance not only in the resistant rices,but also in the moderately resistant ones.But if the insect population was changed to 14 nymphs per seedling at the same leaf stage,the plants with moderate resistance would be rated as susceptible.Tolerance was evaluated as functional plant loss index (FPLI) based on plant dry weight using the formula described by Panda and Heinrichs (1983 ).On the other hand,a similar mathemetical formula based on plant growth rate used was as follows:The FPLI that was calculated on the basis of plant growth rate was demonatrated to exhibit the same trend as that based on plant dry weight.Therefore using the former parameter in determining the FPLI will save time and labor,and is not detrimental to the seedlings,since it only involves measurement of plant height.

Abstract:采用纯种微小泰泽球虫Tyzzeria Parvula卵囊,人工感染四日龄雏鹅,定时剖杀,取肠道组织进行超薄切片,在透射电镜下观察微小泰泽球虫裂殖生殖阶段虫体的超微结构。结果表明。滋养体和裂殖体均在带虫空泡内发育。滋养体在发育过程中向带虫空泡内挤出含有微线、棒状体、膜下微管等胞器的细胞质团。在滋养体的被膜空泡内观察到了退化的微线。多核体和正在进行出芽生殖的裂殖体内散布有微线。裂殖子的形成方式为外出芽生殖。成熟的第二代裂殖子具有复顶亚门虫体的基本结构。

Abstract:This piper deals with the establishment of hybridoma cell lines which secrete monoclonal antibcd es ( McABs) against avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) Massachusetts strain.BALB/c mice were immunized with the antigens of IBV which was grown in embryonated eggs and parified using differential and sucrose gradient centrifugation.Spleen cells from the immunized mouse were fused with SP2/0 mouse myeloma cells.Screened by both indirect ELISA and PHA,and subcloned two or three times,three hybridoma cell lines namely E11,2D6,4B10 secreting spscific McAbs to IBV were established.Results showed that the chromosome numbers of hybridoma E11,2D6 and 4 B10 were 98,97,and 94 respectively.Those McAbs were found to belong to subclass 1 of murine IgG and showed the single band in the gamma globulin region of PAGE electrophoregram.The supernatant of hybridoma cell cultures had a titer of 1 to 1/4 measured by PHA and 1/100 to 1/800 by ELISA,and the ascites fluid had a titer of 1/16 to 1/64 measured by PHA and 1/50000 to 1/500000 by ELISA.The specificity of McAbt to IBV was proved by the results of competitive ELISA.The hybridomas were still stable in their ability to secrete McAb after they were preserved in liquid nitrogen for four months.A further study on other characteristics of those McAbs and attempt to apply them to use are being undertaken.