Abstract:In the investigations of the action and efficacy of insecticides in the field, it is not sufficient to study only the biochemistry, physiology, and the mode of insecticide on an individual insect on the basis of molecular biology and molecular toxicology. It is also necessary to study the impact of ecological factors and the structure and dynamics of an insect population in relation to insecticidal action in the field. This paper is devoted to the discussions of our recent research on the control of the Lychee stink bug (Tesaratoma papillosa Drury) , the imported cabbage worm (Pieris rapae L. ) and the brown hopper (Nilaparvata bugens (Stal)) on basis of the principles of field toxicology. Empasis is placed on multifactor lexicological studies in the field and the technique of application of insecticides to fulfill the requirements of chemical Control in integrated pest management (IPM) programs.

Abstract:Studies on the photorespiration of four typical C3 and C4 plants and six CAM plants showed that C4 and CAM plants showed postilluminaiion CO2 burst (PICB) as did C3 plants. The activity of glycolate oxidase In C4 and CAM plants compared to that in the C plants was much lower and the activity of catalase slightly lower. Glycolate formation also existed in C4 and CAM plants. It was considered that there was a glycolate cycle in C4 and CAM plants. The rate of photorespiration In C, plants may be related to their anatomical features, and as to CAM plants it may be related to the diurnal rhythm of its metabolism. The variation of glycolate cycle in the morning and dusk in CAM plants was studied. It was found that most of the CAM plants showed higher activities both of glycolate oxidase and catalase and a larger quantity of glycolate formation at dusk than in the morning. The turnover of the glycolate cycle was postulated to be faster at nightfall than in the morning in CAM plants.

Abstract:广西普通野生稻(Oryza rufipogon)2个品种的成熟种子经54±1℃温度处理5d打破休眠后,诱导产生出愈伤组织。挑选胚性愈伤组织置于液体培养基中振荡培养。经6个月继代培养,建立起胚性细胞悬浮系。其中1个品种(No.40)的悬浮细胞经酶解游离获得大量原生质体,用琼脂糖包埋培养,2周内分裂频率达21.4％。形成的小愈伤组织经增殖后在分化培养基上再生出绿色小植株。

Abstract:本文研究了荔蝽头部乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)活性的季节性变化与自然抗药性的关系,以及敌百虫对AChE的影响,同时运用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳的方法,探讨了荔蝽酯酶同功酶的变动情况。结果表明:荔蝽正常成虫头部AChE活性在新羽化成虫中最高,比活力达3.5μmol min~(-1)mg~(-1)蛋白质,越冬期最低,仅1.17μmol min~(-1)mg~(-1)蛋白质,到生殖期又上升为2.67μmol min~(-1)mg~(-1)蛋白质。经敌百虫处理后,在新羽化成虫期和生殖期AChE活性有明显被抑制现象,其比活力分别为2.21μmol min~(-1)mg~(-1)蛋白质和2.04μmol min~(-1)mg~(-1)蛋白质,而在越冬期AChE活性几乎不受敌百虫影响,为1.24μmol min~(-1)mg~(-1)蛋白质,同功酶谱也显示AChE在不同季节中无明显变化。

Abstract:香蕉用保鲜剂处理后,用聚乙烯薄膜袋包装,在室温(日平均28.6℃)中贮藏46d,呼吸速率为73.6mg CO_2·kg~(-1)·h~(-1),未达高峰值,淀粉含量9％～12％,可溶性糖含量小于2％,果肉百分率、果肉/果皮比率无大变化。袋内CO_2浓度7.4％,O_2浓度4.0％,乙烯浓度<0.5ppm,果皮青绿,果肉坚硬,无霉变,催熟后品质佳。未经保鲜剂处理的对照果实在同样条件下贮藏13d即全部腐烂。结果表明保鲜剂处理有良好的效果,能延长香蕉的贮藏寿命。

Abstract:本文对栽培番茄与野生秘鲁番茄(Lycopersicon peruvianum Mill.)的有性杂交及其F_1与双亲回交的受精过程及胚胎发育情况进行了研究。 在栽培番茄×秘鲁番茄、栽培番茄×(栽培番茄×秘鲁番茄,F_1)、栽培番茄×[(栽培番茄×秘鲁番茄,F_1)×秘鲁番茄,BC_1F_4 ]的情况下,父本的花粉均可在栽培番茄的柱头上萌发,花粉管进入胚囊,并可能发生双受精作用,单受精作用或受精过程失败。杂种胚发育滞缓,长时间停留在球形胚阶段,很难进一步分化,并时常出现败育;杂种胚乳的发育仅在最初阶段形成若干游离核,到授粉后约12d时,胚乳游离核完全退化,随后珠被绒毡层(Endothelium)细胞增生而将胚囊填满,最后胚及珠被绒毡层细胞也全部退化,胚囊成为空腔。 在(栽培番茄×秘鲁番茄,F_1)×秘鲁番茄的情况下,受精过程和胚胎发育缓慢,在一些胚囊内,会出现胚乳解体退化及珠被绒毡层细胞增生的现象,但在部分胚囊中也有正常发育的胚及胚乳。 当栽培番茄×[栽培番茄×(栽培番茄×秘鲁番茄,F_1)],BC_2F_2自交时,胚胎发育过程基本正常,但较栽培番茄自交时缓慢。

Abstract:An application of Fuzzy Cluster Analysis to dryland farming partition based on six kind of characters of twelve region samples collected in Guangdong province was conducted and is reported in this paper. The result indicated that Fuzzy Cluster Analysis used in dryland farming partition reflected the real situation and is better than present methods of dryland farming partition. It may be used in the practice of farming system classification and to determing the weights of indexes in the evaluation of farming system. This is a significant attempt in the quantitative research of dryland farming partition.

Abstract:Research on high yielding model of spring planted sugarcane in lowland ares of the Pearl River Delta, Guangdong Province was conducted for three years. Method of balance design with five factors and five levels was used. Plots were arranged randomly. Data were analysed by computer for correlation and regression. After optimization, an optimum cultivation mode] was got.Y=2 896. 97+318. 69X2-33. 06X2.4+3. 6X2.4+2. 04X2.4-0. 89X22Where, Y is sugarcane yield. X2is the nitrogen applied. X1.4is the interaction of density and potassium. X2.4is the interaction of phosphous and potassium applied. X2.4is the interaction of nitrogen and potassium applied. The application of this high-yielding model in the field Has shown significant incease in sugarcane yield.

Abstract:本文研究了冻藏牛肉在解冻过程中,解冻温度(4～40℃)对冻肉显微结构,内容物的外渗量和氨基酸流失量的影响。并研究了不同酸度(pH3.0～8.5)处理的冻肉在解冻时的变化。结果表明:解冻温度低(4～15℃)有利于冻肉组织的恢复,解冻温度高(>15℃),牛肉的质量下降,在牛肉冻结前后用pH4.5或pH7.5左右的浸液处理,有利于提高解冻牛肉的质量。

Abstract:冬季期间通过人工调控气温和土壤水分研究高温(30/25℃)、低温(冬季自然温)、高温(80％～90％F、C)和干旱(40％～50％F、C)对甜橙成花的单独与交互作用。低温或干早都能单独地诱导暗柳橙成花,但干旱因子在促花的同时有减弱叶片形成的效应,而低温因子主要表现为促进花的数目。高温加高湿导致不停顿的营养生长和不成花。足够的低温和适度的干旱有利于形成有叶花枝,因而有利于翌年之丰产,过度干旱导致形成无叶花枝,恶化花枝质量。

Abstract:In the amounts of NPK absorbed by the Chinese kale plant, K was greatest, N next and P Leart. The absorption ratio of NPK changed with the growth stage, NK level in the plant was higher, and K uptake was obviously greater than N before flower bud differentiation, thereafter, NK became proportionally less during flower stslk formation, the ratio of N, P2O5, K2O being 5. 3 : 1 : 5. 5 al harvesting.The contents ( % ) of N, P and K in the Plant decreased gradually, bnt the amounts absorbed increased gradually with growth. The uptake during flower stalk formation constituted 3/4 of the total amount.The distribution of N3 P and K changed with growth, and more than 95% of them were distributed to stems and leaves before flower bud differentiation. The proportion of nutrients in stems and leaves decresed rapidly during flower stalk formation. At harvesting, the proportion of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in the flower stalk reached 3/4 of total N, 2/3 of total P, K, Ca and Mg, respectively.

Abstract:To get high quality photomicrographs, this paper discussed the inflrences of contrast, Kohler illumination, colour-reduction and diopter adjustment on bright-field photomicroscopy. It is hoped that this paper would attract the attention of , and be beneficial to , biological workers.