Abstract:本文用放射免疫分析法(RTA)测定了泰和母鸡在排卵周期和抱窝的不同生殖阶段,血浆“黄体生成素类似物”(“LH”)和孕酮(P)的浓度。结果表明:母鸡在排卵周期血浆“LH”和P的平均值分别为3.67±0.60ng/ml(x±SE)和459.50±30.87pg/ml,排卵前6～3h,血浆“LH”和P均出现浓度高峰,其峰值比相应的平均值高出1.1和1.3倍,差异非常显著(P<0.01)。抱窝鸡血浆“LH”和P在24h内的平均值分别为2.27±0.22ng/ml和319.46±12.15pg/ml,显著地低于母鸡在排卵周期的平均值(P<0.05),且在24h内的不同时间,未见有浓度高峰出现。

Abstract:The starch gel, cellulose acetate membrane and polyacrylamide gei electrophoresis were adopted to determine the six blood protein polymorphism loci of Hainan, Leizhou and Longjin yellow cattle reported in this paper, from which the phenotypes and gene frequencies of Hb, Mb, Pa, Tf, Ptf and Akp in each breed were obtained. Standard genetic distances between three breeds and ether yeljow cattle in our country were calculated. The three dimensional space distributions were drawn by principal coordinate analysis (PCA) . The results showed that the yellow cattle in South China was different from that in North and Central China. In addition , the authors believed that the yellow cattle in South China originated from native Bos primigenius and Bos indicus with infiltration from some other yellow cattle breed blood.

Abstract:In this experiment the blood protein polymorphisms in four lines of Yuehuang chicken and Shiqiza and Xinghua chicken were determined with cellulose acetate membrance electrophoresis and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and changes in polymorphic gene frequencies, on which the similarity coefficients and Nei's standard genetic distances among the above 6 populations and average heterozygosity per population were calculated, were studied. Systematic cluster analysis and principle component analysis were also carried out based on the gene frequencies of polymorphic loci respectively. The results showed that most of gene frequencies in the determined protein loci were nearly the same and some of them were different among the four Yuehuang lines, and that similarity coefficients and genetic distances between 6 populations suggested the differences among the Yuehuang lines were consistent with the target of breeding. Systematic cluster analysis indicated that the four Yuehuang lines had a close relationship with Shiqiza chicken and a relatively remote relationship with Xinahua chicken. In the other hand, principle component analysis showed that Yuehuang chicken had already differentiated from Shiqiza chicken and that there was difference between Yuehuang chicken and Xinghua chicken. The inconsistency of the two analysis methods needed to be studied further. In addition, the average heterozygosity per population probably showed the degree of selection that each line had been subjected to.

Abstract:The traditional BO medium and method using caffeine and heparin for the in vitro capacitation of bovine spermayozoa was modified in this study. Zona-free hamster eggs penetration test (HEPT) and Trypan blue-Giemsa stain technique were employed to examine the effect of mBO medium on capacitation and it was found that the new method shortened preincubation time as well as improved capacitation effect.

Abstract:A series of studies for improving the fertility of broiler breeders was conducted. The data on fertility came from 30 flocks, and approximately 90 000 sets of AA broiler breeders were statistically analysed and simulated by a computer. The emphasis of research was to expound some main factors that affect fertility -breeding period,sex ratio, body weight & constitution , leg & shank conditions, and house temperature. Integrated technical measures to raise the fertility of broiler breeders were worked out and recommended. Average fertilities of 90% under general production conditions and of 94% under ideal production conditions could be expected.

Abstract:为了评定水解羽毛粉的营养价值,本研究测定了10批产品和试验样本的营养成分、表现代谢能及胃蛋白酶消化率。结果表明,水解羽毛粉平均干物质含粗蛋白质89.4±1.9％,粗脂肪1.5±0.4％,粗纤维1.5±0.7％,粗灰分6.8±2.0％,表观代谢能为11.69±0.66MJ/kg,粗蛋白质的胃蛋白酶消化率为83.9±3.6％。水解羽毛粉含有动物所需要的全部必需氨基酸,但赖氨酸、蛋氨酸和组氨酸不足。产品的胱氨酸含量随蒸气压力增大和蒸煮时间延长而明显减少,胃蛋白酶消化率随之提高。饲养试验证明,在肉用仔鸡饲粮中添加2.5～4.5％的水解羽毛粉,在保持氨基酸平衡时对鸡的增重和饲料耗用比(饲料/增重)有良好的影响。

Abstract:从先后饲养45d龄的3群AA鸡中各选择10羽,每羽体重约2kg,公母各半,口腔投人~(75)Seo_2 4 μci/羽,常规饲养24h,屠宰分别取其肌肉、心、肝、毛和粪便各1g,采用“ET-613自动计数~(125)I放免测量仪”测量~(75)Seo_2在鸡体内肌肉、心、肝、毛中的分布和在粪便中~(75)Seo_2的含量。按4μci/羽剂量的放射性~(75)Seo_2引入鸡体内,测量结果,经24h,在肝脏含量最多,而肌肉最少。用放射性~(75)Seo_2制剂,由4μci/羽至8μci/羽的范围内引入量,随着剂量增加所测器官放射性~(75)Seo_2无明显增加,而粪便的放射性~(75)Seo_2则随引入放射性~(75)Seo_2课题的增加而增加。

Abstract:用改良肉汤5,50,750ml连续继代培养鸡大肠杆苗074,0107和078三个血清型菌株。在最终使用的肉汤预热至37℃条件下,测定各菌株不同培养时间的菌落形成单位,以菌数的对数作纵坐标,培养时间作横坐标,绘制出各菌株的生长曲线。在本试验条件下,3个血清型菌株具有相似的生长模式,均可划分为3个时期,即速生期、高峰期和稳定期;各菌株每个生长期所持续的时间大致相同;在肉汤预热至37℃条件下,接入经两次继代培养的菌种,6h即达生长高峰。

Abstract:本文对青霉素G钾在猪体内的药物动力学特征进行了分析,6头猪体重29.3±1.1kg(平均值±标准差),按每kg体重静脉注射单剂量青霉素G钾15000IU,给药后分别在0,5,10,15,30,45min及1,1.5,2,3h收集血样,采用微生物法测定血清青霉素G的浓度。以电子计算机程序处理血药浓度—时间数据,血药浓度随时间变化符合二室开放模型,所得主要动力学参数为:分布半衰期(t1/2α)0.14±0.03h;消除半衰期(t1/2β)0.70±0.21h;表观分布容积(Vd)0.696±0.141 l/kg;体清除率(Cls)11.67±1.02 ml/(kg·min);药时曲线下面积(AUC)21.57±1.93h·IU/ml,本文还根据单剂量给药参数推算给药方案,供兽医临床参考。

Abstract:The avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) technique was used to detect avian reovirus (ARV ) antigen in chickens inoculated with ARV via three routes. The test results suggested that the viral antigen wat widely distributed in the visceral parenchymal organs, intestinal tract, tendon sheaths and synovial membranes. Except for the tendon sheaths and synovial membranes, viral antigen was not detected 4 weeks after inoculation, but these two tissues still showed positive results when the 60-day experimental perkid terminated. No positive ABC staining was observed in the blood cell smears of infected chickens. The ABC method was more sensitive than vims isolation.

Abstract:This paper reports studies on the morphology, animal infection, serological diagnosis and epidemiological survey of REV. Electron microscopy showed that REV was a typical type C oncornavirus with a "benzene ring-like" structure. Animal infection demonstrated that there existed synergism between REV and Herpesvirus of Turkey (HVT), and their combined action was dangerous to chicks. Using fluorescent antibody and enzyme-linked antibody techniques on frozen sections, two methods were established for determining REV distribution in the body of infected chicks. Serological survey of 10 chicken farms in Guangdong Province revealed positive reactors in 8 out of 10 farms, and suggested that the possible reason for HVT vaccine failure at one chicken farm was that the HVT vaccine used had been contaminated with REV.

Abstract:Yolk was separated from eggs laid by healthy hens which were inoculated with infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) several times, and a combined hyperimmune yolk-fluid against IBDV and NDV was obtained. Its haemagglutination-inhibiting (HI) antibodies to NDV as well as neutralizing and precipitating antibodies to IBDV reached a high level. The results of experimental and field triab showed that inoculation of this combined antibody product could , within a short time, allow chickens to withstand IBDV and NDV challenge. When injected into chickens early in an outbreak of these diseases, it showed marked therapeutic efficacy.

Abstract:A linear programming model for optimizing ice cream formula was established, with least cost raw material taken as objective function; eight constraint equations based on relationships of quality requirement for milk fat, milk solids -No -fat, Sugar, total solids etc. The ice cream formulas of optimizaton on cow and buffalo' s milk products were computerized on the basis of different conditions of market bought material and enterprise self- provided material, involving high, medium and low grades. The sensitivity of the model upon changes of price and composition of raw materials was tested.The computer modelling technique formulated ice cream more quickly and exactly than the Pearson method and Algeba method etc. utillized presently by many enterprises, and saves costs and meets quality requirements.

Abstract:Adjusting livestock structure is a measure for planned development of animal husbandry, which includes: transforming draught animals into livestocks yielding products; developing herbivorous and highly efficient grain-utilizing livestocks; improving breed and herd structure; expanding the kinds of livestock; adjusting animal product structure.