Abstract:本文把褐稻虱种群按其生长发育顺序划分为卵（E）、1－2龄若虫（S）、3－4龄若虫（L）和成虫（A）4个阶段，把各阶段的作因子划分为相对独立的状态（staltes)，在稻田调查中分别记录其单位面积的数量。通过换算，计算卵、1－2龄若虫和3－5龄若虫的存活率（Sg,Ss,Sl)及各作用因子相对应的存活率（S1，S2，S3，S4，S5，S6），同时通过实验种群的产卵量（FPfP），成虫逐日产卵概率（Pn)和自然种群成虫逐日存活率（AAa)组成的下代卵量概率，∑Pfl(SAa)′组成褐稻虱自然种群生命表的各个组分，如果包含成虫迁移后的居留率St,则根据生命表组分建立的种群趋势数字模型(Morris-Watt种群数学模型^[7,10,11])可扩充为：I＝SESSSLFPFP♂St∑Pfl(SAa)协′I＝S1S2S3S4S5S6FPFP♀St∑Pfl(SAa)′。

Abstract:番木瓜环斑病毒（PRV）外壳蛋白（CP）基因cDNA克隆到pUC18上构型建成大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli)表达载体，Western blot检测结果表明该表达载体在E.clidDH5α中有两种特异蛋白表达，分子量为34kd的蛋白与推测的表达产物大小相符，且与PRVCP的一个“组分”大小相似；而分子量为16kd的蛋白可能是34kd蛋白的降解物或者是PRV CP基因不完全表达产物。

Abstract:In thes paper, the life tables and the interference indices of population control (IIPC) were applied as the methods to evaluate the effectiveness of several insecticides (quinphos, MIPC, buproferin) on the rice brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stal (BPH) populations after controlling the whitebacked planthopper, Sogatellafurcifera (Horvath) populations. At the same time , the population dynamics of natural enemies in paddy field were studied.1. Since the initial densities of natural enemies in paddy field were low, the population sizes of the whitebacked planthopper were controlled effectively by all these insecticides.2. The effectiveness on the BPH population, after controlling the whitebacked planthopper, were different. IIPC of the treatments spraying quinaphos or MIPC were 3. 77 or 2. 44.That is to say, the BPH population sizes would be increased by 3. 77 or 2. 44 times as that of the control. In the treatment spraying buproferin, the IIPC was only 0. 37, that the BPH population size would be decreased.3. The IIPC is an index showing the complex effect of all control factors on the pest population trend. In this case, the IIPC of the various treatments showed the effects of the insecticides on the target pest populations and their natual enemies. In the treatment spraying quinaphos, a broad spectrum insecticide, the IIPC was high. That was because the effects of the natural enemies were decreased by these insecticides. Spraying buproferin, a highly selective insecticides, affected most species of Homoptera, sparing most of the natural enemies, such as the Araneae, carabids and staphylins in the paddy field. As a result, by spraying buproferin, the control effect on the BPH population was exellent

Abstract:With High Performence Liquid Chromatograph (HPLC), a quantative analysis of azadirachtin of neem seeds collected from neem trees that were introduced from Togo, Africa, now successfully cultivated in Wannin county, Hainan Province, China, as well as the test of insecticidal activity of the seed extracts have been conducted in the laboratory. The results showed that the air-dried seeds contained azadirachtin up to 0. 48%. The methanol extract with a recovery rate of 16. 39% from the neem seeds contained azadirachtin at 2. 94%. F3-5, a fraction of the methanol extract containing azadirachtin at 0. 883% was significantly effective against the 4 - 5th instar larvae of Asiatic corn borer,Ostrixia furnocalis when administered at a concentration of 113 ppm mixed with an artifical diet,and all the larvae developed malformation and died or became so call "permanent larvae" when treated at a concentration of 500 ppm. Arter eating or coming in contact with leaves trteated with 2%of F3-5, all the 4th instar larvae of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella were inhibited in their growth and development, malformation and death following. Besides the F3-5, other fractions of the methanol extract containing no azadirachtin e. g. F1-2, F6-15 and Fm, also showed similar bioactivity against the two insect pests, this is worthy of futher studies.

Abstract:The genetics of resistance to the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvotc lugens(Stal) was studied in 15 rice varieties. The resistance of ' Guomeizhan' was controlled by one recessive gene'. BG 367 - 4'possesed two recessive genes for the resistance . A single dominant genes conditioned the resistance in 'Sanguizhan 1' ,'Suweon 294' ,'KAU 1727','IR 13539-100-2-2-2-3','IR 7149-5-2-1-1'and'IR 13240-108-2-2-3'.Two dominant genes conveyed the resistance in 'IR25586-108-1-2-2-2'.The resistance in 'Sanhuangzhan 2' ,'Sanyezhan 1' ,'Tieliuxuan 2','Xinhuizhan 1','GENG 77-4' and 'IR 13427-40-2-3-3'was governed by one dominant and one recessive gene.Stability of resistance of 12 rice varieties with different resistant levels in seedling stage was studied. The parameters of genetypic stability of resistance were estimated by the method proposed by Tai (1971) . The results indicated that the varieties showed different levels of resistant stability. The variety of 'TN 1' was a susceptible variety with very high stability.'IR 25586-108-1-2-2-2' ,'BG 367-4' and'Mudgo' were resistant varieties with high stability. The resistance of ' Sanyezhan 1' ,' Sanguizhan 1' and ' Tieliuxuan' exhibited moderate stability, while resistance in the resistant varieties ' Guomeizhan' ,' Sanhuangzhan 2' ,' Suweon 294' and the moderately resistant varieties ' Fubaoai 21' and ' Baoxuan 2' was unstable.

Abstract:In this paper, the relationship between the nematode, Steinernema fetine(Fillpjev) Agriotos strain and 3rd -instar larvae of the striped flea beetle, Pkyllotreta striolats(Fabr. ), was simulated with Hassell-varley model and Holling' s functional response model. It showed that during 48 hours the maximum number of hosts that the nematodes could parasite was 72 3rd-instar larvae under the most suitable condition ; the interference constant of the nematodes was 0. 2738. The results of host age susceptibility tests showed that susceptibility to the nematodes increased with age of the host.

Abstract:The spatial distribution patterns of the aphid vectors, Myzus persicae and Rhopalosipum pseudobrassicoe, of Chinese-small-cabbage mosaic were studied based on field investigations. The results showed that nymphae and apterae aggregated through the growing season and became more aggregated with the increasing of the size of the populations, while alatae always had a random distribution. The fact that the distribution of alatae was similiar to that of diseased plants showed that alatae were the main effective vector of the disease.

Abstract:在实验室小型冷库和大规模冷藏车间，将感染了桔小实蝇，Docus dorslis Hendel(Diptrea;Tephritidaae)的橙果实，置于2℃（±0．1℃）下，至果心温度达到此温度时，然后贮藏14天，感染在橙果实中的卵和各龄幼虫完全杀死，果实损伤试验表明，在此低温贮藏条件下，对橙果实无损害，据此，低温可作为有效检疫害虫处理措施。

Abstract:Homogenized bagasse-cellulose activated by NaOH and treated in turn with sodium periodate, urea, formaldehyde, was used in the fixation of papain as a fast reactional carrier. The binding capacity of the enzyme protein was related to the duration of formaldehyde treatment and enzyme fixation as well as the concentration of solution enzyme. The optimum time for formaldehyde treatment was fourteen hours. After papain was fixed for eighteen hours, the papain-combining capacity of the carrier tended to remain stable. The range of optimum concentration of solution enzyme was 1 to 2. 5 mg/ml raw enzyme. The recovery rate for fixed papain activity reached 34. 5%. The half-life was 35 days. The Km values (casein as substance % w/v)and optimum pH values for fixed papain and solution papain were 0.12%and 8. 0, 0. 26% and 8. 5 respectively. The optimum temperature for both of them was 60-70 degree Celsivs. Fixed papain showed substrate inhibition as solution papain also did. The activity of fixed papain treated with 6 mol/L urea for six hours tended to be stable, and was 46. 7% of the orginal activity.The clarification of beer treated with fixed papain was raised by 2-9.25 times, and the content of protein in beer decreased by 78. 8%, the treated beer refrigerated for 120 days did not show turbidity, while the original flavour of the beer and other physical and chemical indices remained unchanged.

Abstract:This paper reports studies on the effect of rare earth elements (REE) on nitrogen assimilations in the sugarcane. After foliar application of REE to sugarcane plants in 5 different concentrations, change in the contents of nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, total nitrogen, free amino acid, free amino acid composition, nitrate reductase (NR) activity were determined. The experimental results showed that, treating sugarcane leaves with REE at 100-600 ppm concentrations, could in varying degrees decrease the content of nitrate nitrogen and Increase the contents of ammonium nitrogen, total nitrogen, free acid and NR activity, this tendency being most apparent at the 300 ppm concentration. High concentrations, however, exhibited opposite effects. REE treatment In sugarcane decreased the content of nitrate nitrogen and increased that of ammonium nitrogen, being consistent with previous reports that NR activity increased after REE treatment. That is to say, NR activity was positively correlated with nitrate nitrogen. No change was found in the free amino acid composition at different concentrations of REE in the leaves of the sugarcane, but the free amino acid content varied rather much, notably with the 300 ppm treatment These results showed that nitrogen assimilation in the sugarcane could be promoted by certain concentrations of REE treatment,

Abstract:Cytological observations showed that random dedifferentiation of parenchymatous cells produced embryogenic cells and then gave rise to two types of meristems. They were meristematic cell aggregations and meristematic nodules, which might further form organs primordia. BA had a determinative effect on bud differentiation of the callus, initiating growth showing meristiatic monopolarity leading to bud primordium formation. NAA had a important effect on root differentiation. With NAA and BA, ZT accelerated cell division and organ primodium rormation. LH accelerated bud differentiation but inhibited root formation from vascular nodules. And YE restrained further differentiation of both meristems.

Abstract:用浓度为3％或5％的聚乙烯醇（PVA）水溶液浸种处理台湾相思树（Acocia canfusa Merr.）种子，其效果与聚乙二醇（PEG）相似，均能提高种子的发牙势、发芽率和活力指数，以及根的活力，呼吸速率、细胞色素氧化酶的活性和乙烯的释放量，初步证实了种子的活力指数与根的活力、呼吸速率、细胞色素氧化酶的活性和乙烯的释放量，有明显的相关性。根据对相关系数显著性“t”测定，其结果差异显著。

Abstract:Seven species of the Genus Phomopsis on medicinal plants from China are described in this paper. Four of them including Phomopsis cinnamomi S. M. tin et P. K. Chi, P. kydxooarpi S. M. Lin et P. K. Chi, P. stercularine S. M. Lin et P. K. Chi and, P. langanae P. K. Chi et Z. D. Jiang are new to science. Phomopsis dioscoreae Saoc. (on Diosoarea opposita Thunb), P, colae Bond. Mont, (on Cob ocumiuata Schott et Endl. ), and P. palmicola (Wint. ) Sacc. f. arecae Sacc. (on Areca catechu L. ) have not been reported before in China.Type specimens of the new species are deposited in Department of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.

Abstract:Two new taxa of the genera Clausena Burm f. , Clausena eroavota var. quodrangulato Z. J. Yu et C. Y. Wong and Clausena indido Z. J. Yu et C. Y. Wong, from Guangxl Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, have been examined and described fully in this paper.

Abstract:13 of wheat cultivars were subjected to 4 artificial daylength treatments at ranging 10,12. 5,15, 24 hours and natural daylength in Guangzhou. The experiments were made in the winter of 1985 and 1987, which had 3 and 4 sowing date, respectively. The results are shown as follows: winter varieties strictly had the critical heading daylengtns (CHD), and presented a stabler heading days under the daylength longer than CHD. The CHD was not discovered in the spring and semi-winter varieties, but the heding date was found much earlier in longer daylength treatments. The heading date of spring varieties from South China or Sichang province or Ninxia Hui atonomous region and of semi-winter varieties from Shandong province had a relation with the daylength and temperature as such equation expressed, y = a-b1X1-b2X2. And the heading date of the spring varieties from South China were mor sensitive to the daylength than the temperature. In contrast the spring varieties from Sichang and Ninxia and the semi-winter varieties from Shandong were sensitive to the temperature. The relation of heading date with daylength and the temperature in the winter varieties were expressed in the equation: y=a-b1X1+b2X2. It showed that the heading date was more affected by temperature than by daylength. Some effects of the daylength to wheat growth duration and yield components were also discussed in the artical.

Abstract:用云南大叶群体种作材料，控制在一定温湿度等环境条件下，用仿制C．T．C揉切机砌碎。每隔20min取一次发酵叶烘干，后然对不同处理的茶样进行生化测定，测定出茶多酚（多酚类化合物）总量、儿茶素的总量都 着发酵时间的延长而逐渐减少，儿茶素的次级氧化物产物茶黄素（TF）、茶红素（TR）的含量是随着发酵时间延长而逐渐增加，当含量积累到高峰期时，又随着发酵时间的延长而降低，茶红素含量高峰期的于茶加，当含量积累到高峰期时，又随着发酵时间的延长而降低，茶红素含量高峰期后于茶黄素，茶褐素（TB）的含量是随着发酵时间的延长而逐渐增加，从茶化分析结合感官审评的结果，温度在22－26℃，地湿度在90％以上，发酵时间在80min左右，制出的红碎茶品质最好。

Abstract:In order to raise the economic return and the competitiveness of rice cultivation in agriculture in Mourituis, a minimum tillage experiment of rice by direct seeding method -was carried out in this country for four crops. The results ahowed that when adequate package of techniques were established according to the local conditions, it had advantages of simplifiing production procedure, reducing labour and other costs of rice production and keeping the yields of rice at the same level of conventional tillage method with transplanting, or even higher.

Abstract:The blossom biology and hand pollination on the custard apple seedlings were studied and the following found. I. The flowers of the custard apple are dichogamous. A simple and effective way was to take the pollen directly from flowers in anther dehiscence on the bee with a brush and then transfer it to other flowers without anther dehiscence. The rate of fruit set was 87. 9% in two weeks. However, putting pollen on the floweers in anther dehiscence, the rate of fruit set achieved was 5. 3%with the same level in control 4. 4%. This showed that the sticks lost its receptivity completely during anther dehiscence. 2. The time of anther dehiscence varied with the varieties. The custard apple grown in Guangdong may be divided into two tyoes: morning dehiscent and evening dehiscent. 3. Cross pollination could be carried out between the two tyoes (morning and evening dehiscent) in the above way . The rate of fruit set obtained was 83.3%. It showed that stigma receptivity was still completely effective at 12 hours before anther dehiscence.