Abstract:The physical-chemical changes and maturity evaluation during pig manure composting at initial C/N ratio of 29 and 16 respectively were studied in this research. The results showed that the content of soluble organic C/N ratio, solid C/N ratio, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and soluble NH + 4-N decreased after composting, which reflected the maturation process during pig manure composting. The seed germination index (GI) showed that pig manure compost at initial C/N ratio of 29 reached mature after composting for 49 days, while the compost at initial C/N ratio of 16 needed longer time than 63 days for further composting. In this study, the over-high content of salt in the compost at initial C/N ratio of 16 might contribute to the stronger phytotoxicity. Maturity of compost was influenced by lots of factors, so using a single chemical index for its evaluation was unilateral and unscientific. The seed germination index is the recommended index for maturity evaluation of solid organic waste compost.

Abstract:A complete diallel crossing of four rice parents was done. The large and small vascular bundle numbers in panicle base and the second internode in the F 1 and their parents were analyzed by using additive-dominance model. The results showed that the inheritance of vascular bundle character was mainly predominant by additive effect and the narrow heritability ( h 2 N) was between 0 415 1 and 0 551 9. The cross combinations with significant dominant effects were few and the heterosis of vascular bundle numbers was weak. There were some additive correlations with significant or very significant among the large vascular bundle numbers in panicle base, the primary rachis branch numbers, the secondary rachis branch numbers and their spikelets, and the seed setting rate. These relationships also existed for the small vascular bundle numbers in panicle base with the primary rachis branch numbers, and the small vascular bundle numbers in the second internode with the secondary rachis branch numbers and their spikelets. These relationships could be used as a reference index in breeding.

Abstract:以中花芥蓝为材料，设置4个不同温度处理研究了温度对芥蓝多胺含量的影响。结果表明，多胺与芥蓝幼苗的生长发育有密切的关系，在温度处理过程中（0－12d)，不同温度处理的幼苗生长发育过程中，叶片多胺（PAs)总量和精胺（Spm)、亚精胺（Spd)、腐胺（Put)含量都表现为先上升后下降的单峰曲线变化，并都在温度处理的第9d达到峰值。温度明显地影响着芥蓝叶片多胺的合成。短期（0－6d)的温度处理，高温可促进叶片PAs、Put含量的增加；而随着温度处理时间的延长，适宜的温度有利于PAs、Put的合成，而过高温度则抑制其形成。在温度处理过程中，低温可促进Spm的合成，而高温则有利于Spd含量的提高。

Abstract:Injection of live nonpathogenic bacteria, Esherichia coli K 12 D 31 into pupae of the Chinese oak silkworm, Antheraea pernyi, induced antibacterial peptides in the hemolymph. The major antibacterial peptide was purified with CM-Sepharose cation-exchange chromatography, reverse phase chromatography on FPLC system and C 18 column reverse phase chromatography on HPLC system. The purified peptide had a molecular mass of about 2 400 as determined by SDS-PAGE and its amino acid composition was shown to be rich in lysine , alanine and glycine, while lacking in methionine , cysteine , tyrosine and histidine. The molar content of lysine, alanine and glycine was 18 6%,15 5%,13 6% respectively. Inhibitory spectrum showed that it was potent against several Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.

Abstract:An analysis of the 4-year trial of Taiwania flousiana Gaussen provenances and families among a provenance indicated significant growth differences between provenances and between families. Among the genetic variance, the variance components of provenances were greater than those of families, so the provenance selection should be preferential and followed by family selection. Evaluated with the values of principal genetic index based on height, diameter and single volume, Guizhou Ge, Guizhou Jiao, Guizhou Ang, Yunnan Longling and Guizhou Dan were found to be elite provenances. The genetic gain of single volume was 26 33% and the actual gain was 30 75%. No significant geography variation trend for provenances was discovered.

Abstract:The nutrients, microorganisms and enzyme activities of soils in shrub land, Pinus massoniana stand land and erosion land were studied. The nutrients were poor in all land and amount of bacteria counted more than 86% of the soil microorganisms. The order of soil nutrient concentrations, microorganism number and enzyme activities were shrub land > Pinus massoniana stand land > erosion land.

Abstract:According to investigation and recent information, there are 75 rare and endangered plants and 65 national key protected plants in Guangdong Province. The differences of them were analyzed.

Abstract:Madagascar is an island off the east coast of Africa. The natural forest of Madagascar is diverse. The original forest is believed to have been predominantly evergreen or deciduous forest or deciduous, spiny, succulent thicket, with rupicolous shrublands occurring locally on various types of rock outcrop, and montane bushland and thicket occurring on the highest mountains or mangroves swamps. Madagascar's dwindling forests are home to an enormous variety of unique plant and animal life but some of them are endangered because of the constant destruction of their habitat by humans. 60%-85% of forest has been destroyed. Unsustainable shifting subsistence cultivation is the major threat. In some areas burning to create cattle pasture is also important.

Abstract:The effects of twelve media on the mycelial growth, sclerotial number and mass of Rhizoctonia solani AG 1 IA were investigated. The results showed that rice straw cooked solution agar, water agar, PDA and maltose agar were the better media for the growth of R. solani AG 1 IA, whereas beef extract peptone agar was the worst one among the twelve media. In regarding to the sclerotial formation of R. solani AG 1 IA, Richard's agar was found to be the best medium, in which the sclerotial numbers and mass were the largest.

Abstract:The results showed that the adults of banana pseudostem weevil (BPW, Odoiporus longicollis Oliver) preferred to the harvested banana pseudostem, which provided an important source of BPW growing in the banana trunks. The fecundity of the female was higher in spring and autumn than those in summer and winter. The active factor life tables of BPW natural population were constructed. The controlling effect of active factors was evaluated by using exclusion index of population control ( EIPC ). The population trend indices in growing and harvested banana trunks were 1.997 4 and 1 523 7 respectively. EIPC of the factor "predation and others"in growing and harvested banana trunks were 1.844 3 and 2.644 6 respectively. EIPC of the factor "natural death" were less and EIPC of the factor "disease"was the least. The factor "predation and others" was important.

Abstract:在实验室条件下，对甘蓝潜蝇茧蜂寄生美洲斑潜蝇幼虫进行了初步研究，用Holling-Ⅱ型功能反应模型进行拟合。结果表明，功能反应的数学模型为Na=0.5971TN/(1 0.0279N),1头甘蓝潜蝇茧蜂1d内对美洲斑潜蝇幼虫的最大寄生量为21．37头。茧蜂对美洲斑潜蝇幼虫的寄生作用受自身密度的制约，相互间对寄生率存在干扰。

Abstract:The spatial distribution patterns of larvae of Nephopteryx sp. were studied by means of aggregation indices and Iwao's regression model. The result showed an aggregation distribution pattern for the larvae and a uniform distribution for the fruit damaged by the larvae. With the different sampling methods compared, it was found that random sampling method was the best.

Abstract:The ultraviolet absorption spectrum of rotenone in methanol, chloroform, ethanol and carbon tetrachloride were studied. It showed that the ultraviolet absorption spectrum of rotenone in different solutions were different. The maximum absorption wavelength of rotenone in methanol, chloroform, ethanol and carbon tetrachloride were at 218.0?294.0?211.0 and 290.0 nm, respectively. In addition, the detect wavelength of rotenone in HPLC, 293.0 nm, was determined.

Abstract:An experiment was conducted on the relationship among yield, sugar content and enzyme activities and hormone contents in leaves of sugarcane under different fertilizations. The results showed that the physiological characters were different among treatments during different growth stages, the difference were obvious especially in tillering and maturing stage. In tillering stage, IAA, GA 1/3 contents and AIA, NRA were comparatively higher, while the contents of ABA and ZRs were relatively lower. In maturing stage, the contents of IAA, GA 1/3 , ABA and ZRs were fairly higher, while AIA and NRA were relatively lower. During tillering-elongating stage, IAA and GA 1/3 contents increased gradually, ABA content rose a little, while the content of ZRs were decreasing; AIA and NRA were increasing in the mean time. During elongating-maturing stage, the contents of all the four hormones rose gradually, while AIA and NRA descended progressively. Besides, there was a relationship between the activities of enzymes and contents of hormones.

Abstract:取蕉柑花后 5周幼果的幼胚接种于含不同浓度BA、KT与IAA组合的MT培养基上 ,结果表明 ,暗培养条件是蕉柑胚性愈伤组织诱导成功的关键 .胚状体在后期发育中畸形胚的比例很高 ,经切割后 ,在MT +BA2 .0mg·L-1+IAA0 5mg·L-1+蔗糖 0 0 3kg·L-1培养基上可诱导产生丛芽 ,诱导率为 2 6 7% .幼芽在 1/ 2MT +NAA 1 0mg·L-1培养基上生根率达到了 87 0 % .蕉柑胚性愈伤组织在MT液体培养基中不断地继代培养 ,可形成生长稳定的胚性悬浮细胞系 ,体胚诱导实验证明悬浮细胞系具有很强的体细胞胚胎发生能力 .

Abstract:A total of 218 vascular plant species belonging to 77 families and 176 genera were found at the recreation landscape greenbelt on the western side of Baiyun Mountain. Based on analysis of the characteristics and utilization of the resources, some suggestions about how to rationally reform the greenbelt and improve the landscape are put forward.

Abstract:对飞机草（Chromolaena odoratum (L.)R.M.King and H.Robinson.)乙醇提取物的化感作用了初步研究。结果表明，飞机草乙醇提取物对豇豆、青瓜、萝卜、菜心、大白菜、小白菜和水稻、稗草具有不同程度的化感作用，总体上呈现出低促高抑的现象，且随着溶液浓度增大而抑制作用增强。其中干物质为0.1g/mL的飞机草乙醇提取物溶液对菜心、大白菜和小白菜的种子萌发、幼苗生长、根长生长抑制作用最为明显；干物质为0.01、0.002g/mL溶液对小白菜、大白菜和稗草的幼苗生长均具有一定的促进作用；干物质为0.01、0.002g/mL溶液对青瓜、小白菜和稗草根长生长也具有一定的促进作用。

Abstract:Seventy Yorkshire weanling pigs (average initial mass of 5.4 kg and age of 21 d) were randomLy assigned into five groups. The diet treatments were 0(15 mg/kg of Cu in basic diet), 50, 100, 200 mg/kg of supplement Cu from Culys or 200 mg/kg of supplement Cu from copper sulfate (CuSO 4).The experiment period was 42 d. Average daily gain increased linearly ( P <0 05) with increasing dietary level of Cu, with no difference among 100 mg/kg of supplement Cu from Culys, 200 mg/kg of supplement Cu from Culys or CuSO 4 ( P >0 05). The addition of 200 mg/kg of supplement Cu from CuSO 4 stimulated duodenum lipase activity ( P <0 05), but with no effect ( P >0 05) on pancreas lipase activity. The addition of different level of supplement Cu from Culys improved duodenum lipase activity but the difference was not significant ( P >0 05). The result showed that Culys is an excellent Cu rsource, lower doses of Culys could get the same effect as higher doses of CuSO 4.

Abstract:The paper deals with the effect of ammonia-nitrogen (NH 3-N t) and nitrite-nitrogen (NO - 2-N) in the nursery water on the larvae of Macrobrachium rosenbergii , in which the concentrations of NH 3-N t and NO - 2-N were tested. The result showed: when the concentration of ionized ammonia(NH 3-N m) exceeded to 0 11 mg/L over 6 days, larval metamorphosis would be delayed causing heavy larval mortality. Daily change in the concentration of NH 3-N t and NO - 2-N was irregular, but the concentration of NH 3-N t and NO - 2-N tended to increase gradually during nursery period.

Abstract:Using the genome DNA of the strain YA of pseudorabies virus(PRVYA) as template and with flanking primers, the TK gene fragment was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The expected size of the fragment was obtained, and it was then cloned into the PMD18-T vector. The recombinant plasmid PMD18-TK was identified by PCR, restriction enzyme analysis and sequencing, which completely proved its validity.

Abstract:应用苏木精－伊红（H－E）、甲苯胺蓝（TB）、阿尔辛蓝－藏红（AB－S）、酸性α－醋酸萘酯酶（ANAE）、改良的Gordon-Sweets镀银法等组织学和组织化学方法，观察了恒河猴淋巴结的组织结构。结果表明：淋巴结外包被膜，实质由皮质和髓质构成，皮质又分为淋巴小结、小结间弥散淋巴组织、副皮质区和皮质淋巴窦；髓质又分为髓索和髓质淋巴窦。其特点是：（1）被膜较厚，但不同部位的淋巴结和同一淋巴结的不同部位，其厚度有所差异；（2）不同部位的淋巴结，其皮髓质比、髓质部的致密程度不同；（3）淋巴小结除分布于皮质外，也偶见于髓质，且其大小、形状、数目等有差异；（4）个别淋巴结的髓索内见到一类特殊的细胞：单个或成群存在，多为圆形，个体大，最大者直径可达23μm，有的可见突起；核圆形，较小，多偏于一侧，核仁清晰；细胞质内可见异染性颗粒，H－E染色为黄色，AB－S为红色，TB为紫红色，镀银为黑色，笔者认为这种细胞可能是处于应激状态的肥大细胞。

Abstract:The effects of various tillage practices on soil properties, soil water status and sugarcane growth in seedling period were investigated in this paper. Treatments included conventional tillage, all-direction deep loosening and shallow tillage after deep loosening. It was concluded that all-direction deep loosening and shallow tillage after deep loosening could increase water storage and retention capacity of soil, and improre growth of sugarcane at seeding stage.

Abstract:The factors of influencing interal-bonding strength when using urea-formaldehyde resin adhesives (UFRA) synthesized in strong acid were studied with single factor tests, viscosity characteristics analysis and vapour pressure osmometer measuring. The optimal technological procedure for synthesizing UFRA in strong acid to get enhanced bond strength was worked out. It was found that strength-bond was closely related to the molar ratio between formaldehyde and urea in technology. The bond strength was improved and average molar quality rose when the molar ratio ( n F/ n U 1 ) between formaldehyde (F) to first-urea (U 1) was decreased. The UFRA was made so that bond strength was up to 1 19 MPa and free formaldehyde content was only 0 09% when n F/ n U 1 was 2 6, the molar ratio ( n F/ n U 2 ) between formaldehyde and urea (U 2)(added urea in strong acid and weak base) 1.5 and the molar ratio between formaldehyde and urea (total urea) 1.2.

Abstract:采用直接酯化法，将山梨酸与四种醇反应，合成了山梨酸甲酯、乙酯、丙酯、丁酯。合成产率达到60％－70％。这几种化合物均表现出良好的抗菌活性，与山梨酸相比较，可延长微生物生长适应期8－20h，并明显降低微生物生长量。

Abstract:The characteristics, mechanism and molecular regulation of plant leaf senescence were reviewed. It introduced ipt as an exogenous gene which can delay crop senescence, and gave a prospect for plant senescence's highlight and direction.

Abstract:农田氮素流失是导致面源污染的重要原因 ,如何控制水稻田的氮素流失并保持或提高其产量 ,是实现农业清洁生产和持续发展的重要课题 .本试验应用我国自行研制的几种控释肥进行盆栽和大田试验 ,通过对收集的渗漏液氮损失量和水稻生物量、经济产量及当造氮素利用率的比较分析 ,研究控释肥施用的减污增产效果 .1　材料与方法供试氮肥包括普通尿素 (ｗＮ=4 6 % )、包膜尿素ＰＲＵ(ｗＮ=2 5 5 % )、包膜尿素ＰＹＵ(ｗＮ=2 5 5 % )和包膜尿素ＬＪＵ(ｗＮ=4 2 % ) ;供试土壤为华南农业大学农场水稻土 ;供试水稻为胜泰 1号 .盆栽试验设 6个处理 ,Ｃ…

Abstract:生物技术的发展给实验理论和生产实践带来了新的突破 ,分子生物学技术的广泛应用使蚕桑生产出现了新的突破点与希望 .目前 ,几乎所有的家蚕生理、生化方面的研究都深入到分子生物学 ,对透彻了解和掌握家蚕的生长发育起着举足轻重的作用 .如限制性酶切片段长度多态性 (ＲＦＬＰ) ,随机扩增多态性ＤＮＡ(ＲＡＰＤ) ,串联重复序列 (ＳＳＲ) ,扩增酶切片段长度多态性 (ＡＦＬＰ)等方法 ,除了应用于家蚕外 ,也可广泛应用于桑树的分子生物学研究 .因此 ,在试验与研究过程中 ,探讨摸索一条适用于可同时提纯桑树、家蚕的动植物ＤＮＡ的方法对研究工…

Abstract:寻找和研制高效低毒的植物源农药是缓解当前日益严峻的化学农药所引起的污染问题的有效途径之一 .一些植物体内存在着抑菌活性成分 .黄姜 ,学名盾叶薯蓣 (ＤｉａｓｃｏｒｅａｚｉｎｇｉｂｅｒｅｎｓｉｓＣ .Ｈ .Ｗｒｉｇｈｔ) ,其所含物甾体皂甙不仅是合成甾体激素类药物的重要中间体[1] ,而且还具有抗癌、抑菌、杀虫、消炎等生物活性[2～ 4] .本研究以黄姜的根提取物为材料 ,测定其对多种植物病原真菌的抑菌活性 ,旨在为研制高效低毒的新型杀菌剂提供科学依据 .1　材料与方法1 1　粗提物制备黄姜根去泥洗净 ,切成小块 ,减压干燥 ,粉碎 ,称…

Abstract:拟南芥种子小 ,幼苗脆弱 ,且国内许多实验室的条件又较简陋 ,因此 ,结合当地的实验条件和气候特点掌握拟南芥的繁种技术非常重要。华南农业大学植物营养遗传研究室从美国引进 4种拟南芥突变体繁种并获得成功 ,现将一些室内繁种的经验和体会报道如下。1　材料与方法实验材料为拟南芥野生型Ｃｏｌｕｍｂｉａ的 4种突变体 ,选用了 3种培养方法进行拟南芥繁育技术试验。包括移栽法、蛭石法和 5∶5法。 (1)移栽法 :将种子消毒后 ,播于无菌培养基上 ,置于 4℃冰箱内春化 4～ 5ｄ ,之后转入光照培养。培养皿垂直放置 ,培养 4周后 ,将小苗移栽到营养…