Abstract:Based on different water deficit treatments, water sensitivity indexes for spring wheat were established. The means and steps of accomplishing optimum distribution of limited water during crop development stage using dynamic programming were introduced. Then taking spring wheat in western Liaoning province for example, the optimum distribution decision of dynamic programming model was made under the conditions of available irrigation water during different development stage.

Abstract:利用我国返回式卫星搭载水稻品种“特籼占13”种子，回收后经多代的种植选择，选育出性状稳定的13个突变品系进行主要经济性状考察，结果表明：空间诱变突变品系的多个性状都发生了不同程度的变异，其中谷粒长宽比、穗长、穗粒数、小区产量等性状，品系间变异达到显著和极显著水平。讨论了水稻空间诱变性状变异改良的有效性，并从参试空间诱变突变品系中选育出多个性状同时产生突变得到改良的优质高产新品系。

Abstract:Pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of controlled-release fertilizer (CRF), applying as only one basal, on rice growth and nutrient release. It has been observed that the release of N was controlled at early growth stage immediately after transplanting for the CRF treatment. Release peak of N appeared at the 9th day and kept sufficient N supply from the 9th day to the 50th day after application. In addition, the CRF maintained relatively higher N supply than the specific fertilizer treatments at late stages. This N release model indicated that one basal application of the CRF could satisfactorily meet the demand of N nutrition throughout the growth and development of rice. In comparison with the same rates of the specific fertilizer either in splits or as one basal, the CRF resulted in greater primary tillers thus increasing effective panicle by 16.7% and 8.3% respectively. Application of the CRF significantly increased yield of rice grain by 10.1% and 18.2% respectively, probably due to better N nutrition, which increased chlorophyll concentration of blade, resulting in more effective photosynthesis and carbohydrate accumulation at late growth stages. The utilization efficiency of fertilizer N of the CRF as basal significantly increased by 13.5% and 22.7% respectively, comparing to the rice special fertilizer in splits and as basal. Apart from N, application of the CRF also increased the utilization efficiency of P and K.

Abstract:The growth and seeding situation of parental trees, the seed quality of sowing, the performance of progeny and the practical gains for the second-generation orchard were assessed. The results were summarized as follows. In 6 to 8 years after graft, the remaining rate of trees in the second-generation seed orchard was 74.34% and the rate of straight trunk was 87.65%. Trees in the orchard have grown well. Rate of seeding trees was 50.45%, and cone production index was 1.52. The seed rate of cone was 3.24%. The thousand-grain mass was 6.554 gram. The germination rate was 31.74%, and the germination capacity was 23.16%. The quality of sowing of the seed in the second-generation seed orchard was higher than those in the first-generation orchard with the same age, but was lower than those in the 1.5-generation orchard. The parents from Guangdong and Guangxi are better than those from Fujian, Guizhou and Hunan according to their seeding ability. The results from 4-year-old progeny tests indicated that the practical gain of volume in the second-generation seed orchard was 7.58%-10.60%, and the key targets of developing second-generation seed orchard and improving genetic quality of seeds were realized. The establishment of the second-generation seed orchard in Longshan state-own forest farm was basically successful.

Abstract:The spatial patterns and structures of diameter grades of main arbor populations in Quercus mongolica forest by different aspects and times of forest conservation were studied. The results showed that Q. mongolica and Ulmus laciniata populations were aggregated distribution; they displayed different degrees of aggregation intensity during different times of forest conservation; aggregation intensity of populations inclined as a whole. During initial stages of forest conservation, the aggregation intensity of U. laciniata population was greater than that of Q. mongolica, and the aggregation intensity of U. laciniata population declined and diffused gradually with prolong times of forest conservation. The quantities of Q. mongolica, Tilia mandshurica and U. laciniata populations declined with raising diameter grades on 5 years forest conservation, which indicated they were evolving populations. After 16 years forest conservation, T. mandshurica and U. laciniata populations were retrogressive to some extent for greater coverage in arbor layer and they became associated species of Q. mongolica population. Q. mongolica population became dominant species as a result of 24 years forest conservation. Coverage of arbor layer increased more rapidly on positive slope then on negative slope with longer time of forest conservation. The decline phenomenon of T. mandshurica and U. laciniata populations manifested more clearly on positive slope than on negative slope with longer time of forest conservation.

Abstract:Based on full digital photogrammetry system, some digitized products such as digital elevation system (DEM), digital orthophoto map(DOM) and 3D perspective scenes were produced at Zhifanggou watershed in Ansai. The wide application prospects of all digital photogrammetry system in soil and water conservation were discussed through the study.

Abstract:从广州地区13种作物上分离得到57个丝核菌(Rhizoctonia spp.)菌株。依菌丝直径、细胞核数目和培养性状等鉴定出52个立枯丝核菌(R.solani)、2个水稻丝核菌(R.oryzae)和3个双核丝核菌(binudeate Rhizoctoria)；并对52个立枯丝核菌(R．solani)菌株进行了融合群归类，其中有30个菌株属于AG-1-IA、1个属于AG-1-IB、4个属于AG-1-IC、12个菌株属于AG-4、3个菌株属于AG-2-2 Ⅲ B、2个菌株未知其归属。

Abstract:对来自波兰及英国的2个相同品种的油菜种子样品进行了健康测试，并重点观察了油菜黑胫病病原菌(Letosphoeria maculans/Phoma lingam)感染的程度及菌系类型。结果表明来自2个国家的种子都一定程度受微生物感染，品种间差异不大，所检测到的较多的菌属为Alternaria,Fusarium及Penicillium。黑胫病病原菌感染的百分率波兰种子样品平均为0．5％，英国种子样品平均为0.6％，菌系鉴定表明，7．1％的波兰株系及12．3％的英国株系为强致病的Tox 类型。此外，还发现健康测试前种子表面消毒可提高黑胫病病原菌的检出率。

Abstract:Eight potato cultivars i.e. Cardinal, Ultimus, Cosima, Mansur, Monaliza, Ajax, Diamant and Desiree were screened for their relative antibiosis in the potato field to peach-potato aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer). Among all the tested cultivars, Cardinal showed comparatively high resistance and showed the lowest r_m, followed by Ultimus. The r_m for Cardinal was 1.6 times lower than that of r_m on Desiree, which was found consistently the most susceptible cultivar.

Abstract:The development duration and survival of palm leaf beetle [Brontispa longissima (Gestro)] were observed in laboratory, and its life table was constructed. The results showed that life spans of palm leaf beetle feeding on Cocos nucifera, Chrysalidocarpus lutescens, Roystonea regia were different significantly. The survival rates of palm leaf beetle feeding on C. nucifera, R. regia, C. lutescens were at a range of 88% to 97%. The influence of different host plant on the survival rate of different stages of palm leaf beetle was not significant. The adult longevity of palm leaf beetle feeding on C. nucifera was 192 days, and longer than those feeding on the other host plants significantly.The influence of host plants on fecundity of palm leaf beetle was significantly different. The fecundity of the female on C. lutescens was 149.52, more than those on other two plants. The pre-oviposition period on three species of plants was not significant.Indices of population trend of palm leaf beetle on Cocos nucifera, Chrysalidocarpus lutescens, Roystonea regia.were 85.2, 50.6 and 36.5 respectively

Abstract:The best method to trap Bemisia tabaci adults using yellow card and the control effect of yellow card's (trap on) the B. tabaci population in the cucumber field were studied, the results showed that B. tabaci has strong taxis to the yellow card. When the yellow card to trap the adults of Bemisia tabaci was used on cucumber, the best method is to hang the yellow card vertically between the rows of the cucumber plants, and the height of yellow card is almost kept the same as the top of the cucumber plant. The yellow card can also trap other insects in the cucumber field such as springtails, cucumber aphids, cucumber thrips, etc. Life tables constructed by the affecting factors in the control area and yellow card-used area have been established. In control area, the B. tabaci population trend index (I-value) is 8.63, while in the yellow card-used area, its I-value is only 3.519 8; The interference index of population control (IIPC) of yellow card's trap and kill reaches 0.407 9. The exclusive index of population control (EIPC) in yellow card-used area is 6.791 7, while in the control area, the EIPC is 6.161 7.

Abstract:考察了高愈伤组织增殖力的粳稻品种Aikoku和低愈伤组织增殖力品种Moritawase、Norin 1杂交组合的双亲和正反交F1、F2、F3的愈伤组织增殖力。正反交F1呈现大而淡黄、与Aikoku相似的高愈伤组织增殖力类型，而Moritawase和Norin1呈现小而褐色的低愈伤组织增殖力类型。F2中，高、低愈伤组织增殖力类型的个体符合13：3的比例．F1世代，高愈伤组织增殖力株系、愈伤组织增殖力分离的株系及低愈伤组织增殖力的株系符合7：8：1的比例。3个世代的分析结果一致表明，Aikoku所具有的高愈伤组织增殖力由相互独立的1对显性和1对隐性基因支配，不受细胞质的影响。研究结果还表明愈伤组织增殖力和再生力由不同的基因控制。本研究中使用的愈伤组织诱导培养基是1／2 MS 3mg／L2，4-D 5g／L酵母粉 30以蔗糖 11g／L琼脂。

Abstract:采用农杆菌导入法，探讨了影响芥菜农杆菌遗传转化效率的因素，优化了参数，初步建立了以MS 6-BA(2．0mg/L) NAA(0．2mg/L)为分化培养基，预培养时间3或4d，共培养时间4d，农杆菌浓度D600nm为O．5，浸菌时间10min，筛选压Kan为25mg/L的遗传转化体系。

Abstract:The niche breadth and overlap of the dominant species in the major forest communities of Zengcheng City were studied. Seventy-six 100-m~2 plots, including 28 plots in the secondary forest and 16 plots in plantations of Pinus massoniana,P. elliottii and Albizia falcataria, respectively,were surveyed. The species with the widest niche breadth are Ficus variolosa, Sapium discolor, Diospyros morrisiana, and Listea cubeba, which are light demanding and bird-dispersed species. Most of the trees confined to the secondary forest had narrow niche breadth and overlap. The niche of Albizia falcataria was overlapped with more local species than other plantation species, which indicated that it shared with more local species. We suggest enhancing rehabilitation and development of native forest species by suitable approaches based on their niche differences.

Abstract:One genus and species of the skippers are reported as new to China, i.e., Darpa Moore and D. hanria Moore from Mt. Mayuling, Baisha County, Hainan Province.

Abstract:Two species of the moths family Lasiocampidae and Geometridae are reported for the first time from China, the materials were gathered from Guangdong and Yunnan Provinces.

Abstract:180只墟岗黄雏鸡随机分为4组，第1组为对照组，第2至4组为处理组，10日龄开始。对照组胸肌注射0．5mL的生理盐水，第2至4组分别按40、80和160mg／kg的剂量，同部位注射用生理盐水稀释的环磷酰胺(cyclophosphamide,CY)0．5mL；1次／d，连续注射3d．21、35、56日龄时每组随机抽取10只鸡进行屠宰取样；测定各组鸡的器官指数。另取3只鸡，测定脾脏淋巴细胞增殖转化和脾脏抗体形成细胞的数量。试验结果表明：一定剂量的环磷酰胺能显著降低墟岗黄鸡早期的体质量，且效果与注射剂量呈依赖关系；降低鸡早期脾脏指数和法氏囊指数；显著减少由ConA诱导的脾脏淋巴细胞的增殖转化；减少鸡早期脾脏抗体形成细胞的数量。

Abstract:A transfer plasmid, KGDF was constructed from the plasmids containing part PK and gG genes.A report gene expression cassette ,GFP containing a multicloning sites ,was inserted bluntly into pPKgGD to construct a recombinant transfer vector,KGDF. That KGDF was constructed correctly was proven by restriction digestion and PCR analysis of GFP. KGDF was used to co-transfect BHK-21 cell together with the genome or the virus of PRV HB, and the recombinant virus with green fluorescence was picked using fluorescent microscope.The recombinant virus was further identified and purified using PCR of the gene GFP and pickup from the fluorescent cells.

Abstract:The ketamine, ketamine+diazepam, xylazine, compound xylazine, Lumianning and 846 complex were used as anaesthetic and restraint drugs to treat 163 clinical cases in twenty two tigers including six South China Tigers ,thirteen Siberian Tigers and three Bengal Tigers, and the restraint efficacy of the six preparations were compared.The results showed that the efficacy of compound xylazine and Lumianning was the best, the xylazine and ketlamine+diazepam running second, and ketamine and 846 complex was the poorest. The restraint efficacy of the six drugs did not differ significantly when they were used for restraint in the three subspecies of tigers.

Abstract:According to the precision farming technology and theory, GPS and GIS technologies were used to investigating, collecting and managing the data of grassland resource. Base on the investigation data, the prescription maps were figured to show the content of the soil moisture content,soil bulk density,soil cone index,soil total nitrogen,soil total phosphorus,soil total potassium,soil organic matter,soil available nitrogen,soil available phosphorus and soil available potassium in the investigation area. The prescription maps showed it was feasible that the precision farming technology could be applied in grassland resource investigation and management, and the prescription maps showed that the content of total phosphorus was lack significantly on the investigation grassland.

Abstract:研究了海藻酸钠-高甲氧基果胶复合体系的凝胶特性及pH值、凝胶温度和时间对其凝胶特性的影响.结果表明海藻酸钠和高甲氧基果胶具有协同作用,且体系的凝胶强度、持水性、凝固点和融点与两种胶的质量比、胶体总质量分数、pH值、凝胶温度和时间密切相关.随海藻酸钠/果胶质量比增加,体系凝胶强度和凝胶融点增加,并在取得最大值后又下降,而持水性与凝固温度则变化不大;在pH3.0～3.5,体系可形成性能较好的凝胶,而当pH＞4.20时,不能凝胶,pH还对凝胶融点有影响,而对凝固点影响不大;随凝胶温度升高,体系凝胶强度显著下降,凝胶融点也下降;在15 ℃凝胶6 h,体系即可形成稳定的凝胶体.

Abstract:以火龙果果皮为材料，用乙醇提取红色素并研究其稳定性。结果表明：火龙果红色素在80℃以下较为稳定，在80℃以上颜色逐步由鲜红变成淡黄。酸性条件下，色素红色加深，热稳定性增强；碱性条件下，色素由鲜红色变为黄色，最大吸收波长由535nm移至390nm。有机酸及碳水化合物具有加深色素溶液红色和增强稳定性的作用。常用食品防腐剂、可见光照射及黑暗中放置均不影响色素稳定性，紫外光照射使色素颜色由鲜红变为橙红。氧化剂和还原剂使色素溶液变色或褪色，Ca^2 、Mn^2 、Mg^2 、Na^ 、K^ 使色素溶液红色加深，且红色稳定，但Al^3 、Cu^2 、Zn^2 和Fe^3 使色素溶液红色减褪，变成淡蓝色或黄绿色。

Abstract:用改良的“Likens-Nickemon”装置抽提出“华杨1号”黄果西番莲(Passiflora edulis f.flavicarpa Degener)果汁香精油，该香精油经GC-MS分离鉴定出50种成分，包括脂肪族酯类16种，脂肪醇类6种，醛类5种，酮类5种，萜烯类13种，其他成分5种。丁酸乙酯、丁酸己酯、β-紫罗兰酮对西番莲果汁的香味贡献较大。西番莲果汁香味及主要糖酸物质含量存在显著的季节性差异。夏末初秋成熟的果实品质最佳：香味好，糖酸比高，丁酸乙酯、丁酸己酯和β-紫罗兰酮的含量高；冬季成熟的果实品质较差，但L-抗坏血酸含量较高。

Abstract:研究对比了鸡肝中链霉素残留的酶联免疫分析(ELISA)和Charm Ⅱ放射免疫分析(RIA)。ELISA分析中，链霉素标准在0．5～128．0μg/L的范围内呈良好线性，定量检测限为30μg/kg。RIA分析中，链霉素标准在25～500μg／L的分析浓度范围内相关性较好，筛选水平为200μg/kg。2种方法的检测限、精密度、回收率等指标符合鸡肝链霉素残留监控的最大允许限量要求。ELISA方法对二氢链霉素的交叉反应率为155％。

Abstract:A system for studying the biological effect of radio frequency electromagnetic field was designed and made. The system combined the advantages of TEM cell in engineering and microwave anechoic chamber. It can form an area in which electromagnetic wave having large frequency range is well-distributed and the intensity of electromagnetic wave easily measured. Electromagnetic wave in the system has no undesirable effect on the environment. It is an ideal device to study the biological effect of radio frequency electromagnetic field.

Abstract:This paper introduces the concept of main tree based on shortest path algorithm, and by applying the concept of the multicast tree cost and delay-limiting, it maces a presentation of the distributed heuristic routing algorithm which can optimize the cost of multicast tree under the condition of delay-limiting. Finally, it states the validity of the method in this text.

Abstract:Botanical photo-activated pesticides were used as insecticides, fungicides and herbicides, whose activity could be increased notably under the sunlight. They were known as green pesticides because they acted as toxicity on pests, degraded itself simultaneously and had no contamination in environment. Photo-activated pesticides now have been applied in the control of hygiene pests successfully and the development tendency is to control the agricultural insects and weeds by modifying the molecule structure and developing the new formulation. Based on the results of researches for more than ten years, the developments and applications of botanical photo-activated pesticides were reviewed in this paper as well as new idea proposed.

Abstract:The allelopathic potentials of aqueous extracts of Wedelia trilobata L. on Brassica parachinensis Bailey and its physiological mechanism of action were studied. The results showed that the aqueous extracts of root, stem, leaf and the whole plant of W. trilobata reduced the seed germination percentage of Brassica parachinensis. Watering Brassica paraohinensis seedlings with the aqueous extracts of W. trilobata resulted in the reduction of fresh root mass, fresh mass of aerial part and the plant height. It also reduced the root activity, leaf chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate. The aqueous extracts significantly inhibited the activities of protective enzymes, such as catalase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidases. They also significantly decreased the activities of nitrate reductase,the protective capability of plant itself, and inhibited nitrogen metabolism in plant.

Abstract:The contents of grain amylose and protein in waxy wheat line TN-1 and non-waxy wheat line T531 were tested. The grain of TN-1 contained low amylose (0.89%) similar to glutinous rice and high protein (18.00%) as well as gluten similar to T531, thus possessed the particular quality. The results also showed that three pairs of recessive genes controlled waxy endosperm of TN-1 independently. The prospect of applying waxy wheat was also discussed.

Abstract:对黄瓜枯萎病抗病品种长春密刺、感病品种津研四号的幼苗伤根接种后根、根-茎、茎3个部位病菌生长及组织的变化进行了观察，结果表明品种间存在明显差异。病菌从伤口进入导管后菌丝向上扩展的速度在抗病品种中较感病品种中慢，原因可能在于导管分子类型不同；抗病品种的皮层薄壁细胞间隙未观察到菌丝，表明抗病品种能抵抗病菌通过表皮的入侵。两品种都观察到木质部导管中出现侵填体、壁的覆盖物、褐色物质及皮层薄壁细胞木栓化，但这些反应在抗病品种中出现较早，表明抗病品种较早形成保卫反应。

Abstract:透射电镜观察表明，比格犬(Beagle)神经垂体内除含大量的无髓神经纤维、神经纤维膨体(赫令小体)、神经胶质细胞和血窦外，还可分辨出少量的肥大细胞和内分泌样细胞。内分泌样细胞的主要特征是：胞质内含有大量高电子密度的小分泌颗粒，颗粒呈圆形，表面有膜包裹，直径约109—213nm，主要分布于一侧胞质内。

Abstract:The determination method of determining cyanide in wastewater by isonicotinic acid barbituric acid was introduced in this paper. The optimum condition of spectroscopic measurement was determined and the measuring wavelength was 598 nm. The standard recovery rate to wastewater is between 98 3% and 102 5%, This method was comparable to the pyridine barbituric acid and isonicotinic acid pyrrazolone method.

Abstract:Three species, Camellia oblata Chang ex P. T. Li, C. shensiensis Chang ex P. T. Li, C. longicarpa Chang ex P. T. Li, are validly published here by designation of holotypes.