Abstract:Japonica rice Taichung 65 and its pollen sterile near-isogenic lines were used to study the function of specific-compatibility gene in vitro in order to further perfect the academic viewpoint. By the studies, the main results were as follows: During the anther culture, there were no obvious differences in the pollen callus induction ability between the recurrent parent and their F_1. It meant that the pollen sterility genes which lead to the pollen abortion in vivo might not lead to the decrease of the pollen callus induction ability in vitro. But there was a distinct difference in anther dehiscence between the recurrent parent and their F_1. The lower the pollen fertility was, the worse anther dehiscence was. The character of anther dehiscence might connect with the pollen abortion.

Abstract:Small panicle type conventional rice variety "Yuexiangzhan" and big panicle type hybrid rice combinations "Yueza122" for experiment on the system of rice intensification (SRI) with four transplanting spacings. The result showed that the dense spacing was more width, the growth duration was prolonged, and tiller number of per hill,ear-bearing tiller rate ,total grain of per panicle,(1 000)-grain mass were increased, respectively. The dynamice structure of population including tiller, leaf area index, dry matter production was reduced with the increase of transplanting spacing, but the significant differences between two rice types were found.

Abstract:Effect of N-application rate on yield and quality of rice Liangyoupeijiu was studied, in comparison with Shanyou 63 under field conditions. The results showed that the yield increased with the N-application rate, amounted to the greatest level at moderate N level, then descended dramatically at high N level. It is benefit for the nutrition quality, milled quality, steaming and tasty quality to increase N-application rate properly, but not benefit for the head rice rate, chalkiness, amylose and other quality indexes. The difference was significant for the yield and quality between the varieties. Comparing to the rice Shanyou 63, the yield of the rice Liangyoupeijiu was higher and the quality was better at the four nitrogen treatments.

Abstract:A experiment was conducted to find the differences of 10 biochemical characters in callus of 11 sugarcane genotypes, and to find the correlation relationship between these characters and cane yield, Brix under field conditions. The results showed that the contents of dry matter, reducing sugar, sucrose, total sugars and soluble proteins and the activities of acid invertase (AI), neutral invertase(NI), polyphenol oxidase(PPO), peroxidase(POD) and nitrate reductase (NR) were significantly different. The coefficient between the cane yield and the content of dry matter was positive in significant level. There were significant negative correlation relationship between Brix and the reducing sugar content, AI and PPO.

Abstract:Rhizobox was employed to stimulate the sod culture orchard, with Citrus sinensis and Stylosanthes gracilis as plant material. The effects of grass mowing, arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation and P application on minimizing the competition between fruit tree and grass were investigated. Results indicated that 3 practices alleviated the inhibiting effect of grass on citrus at different magnitude, leading to increased plant height, leaf number and dry matter. Grass mowing took the greatest effect among 3 practices, resulting in a sharply decreased (R/S,) which implied a mediated nutrient competition following inhibition of root growth by grass mowing.

Abstract:Urea coated with lignin from paper-making black liquor were made in different layer thickness. Nitrogen release rate of lignin coated with urea (LCU) in soil were determined by leaching experiment. Pot experiment was conducted to study the fertilizer efficiency of LCU, which was used as a slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, on corn. Results showed that urea coated with lignin presented slow-release property to different degree. Nitrogen release rate of LCU was about 12% lower than that of normal urea, utilization ratio of nitrogen was about 7.8% higher than that of mormal urea. the result indicated that LCU could increase the yield of the corn and utilization ratio of nitrogen compared with un-coated urea. In addition to its slow-release effect, the degradation product of lignin was an effective nitrification inhibitor, which could reduce the loss of nitrogen and protect environment from N pollution.

Abstract:研究了以V(锯末)∶V(蛭石)∶V(煤灰)=6∶2∶2为基质培育番茄幼苗时,基质中氮磷钾施用量与幼苗生长的关系.结果表明,氮、磷和氮磷互作对幼苗生长影响较大,在试验范围内,幼苗生长随氮磷施用量的增加而增加,成直线关系,幼苗各指标在尿素2 4kg·m-3,过磷酸钙29 5kg·m-3时达最大值.氮磷互作对幼苗生长也有促进效应,但磷对幼苗生长的效应取决于氮的水平.低氮时,幼苗生长随磷施用量的增加而减弱;高氮时,磷对幼苗生长则有促进作用.钾对幼苗的生长没有影响,所有偏回归系数均不显著.因此,在以该基质培育番茄苗时,可用氮磷复合肥液替代完全营养液.

Abstract:Nutritive soil modifier (hereinafter abbreviated as NSM) was applied to three kinds of acid soils with different characteristics. An indoor soil incubation experiment and a greenhouse soil pot experiment was conducted with corn plants (Zea mays L.). The major results of the indoor soil incubation experiment showed that the available content of phosphorus increased with addition of NSM. The lower the background nutrient content in the soil, the larger the effects of improvement. The results of the greenhouse soil pot experiment with maize showed that NSM could improve the nutrient status of the soil and activate phosphorus in the soil leading to a higher phosphorus uptake efficiency hence better growth of the maize plants.

Abstract:Compared with slash pine (Pinus elliottii) introduced early and native masson pine (Pinus massoniana), the research was carried out for 21 loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) family introduced from America and 4 loblolly pine family introduced earlier. The results showed loblolly pine grew the most quickly and most characters between family had significant differences. The heritability was quite high and the genetic variation coefficients were most above 4.5%. The growth quantity of 5 years varied significantly among sites. The effect on family and the mutual effect on gene and environment were also significant, but the mutual variance was small. From the two dimensional scatter plot of regression coefficient and productive index, No 25,19 and 18 family not only grew quickly but also revealed mean stability. They could adapt themselves well to all kinds of habitats and be popularized widely. No 20, 17, 23, 24, 22 and 16 family only grew quickly in fine circumstances.

Abstract:比较了2种不同的防治措施对黄瓜烟粉虱种群雌蜂的防治效果.防治措施包括释放桨角蚜小蜂Eretmocerussp.和喷施2种化学农药.结果发现在相同放蜂密度(3头/株)下,放蜂2次和放蜂1次,3周后烟粉虱种群增长趋势指数分别为11 76和16 46,干扰作用指数分别为0 4242和0 5938,寄生蜂对烟粉虱若虫的寄生率分别达到50 40%和33 88%.喷施高效大功臣和高效氯氰菊酯(均为1000×,1次)3周后,烟粉虱种群增长趋势指数分别为6 04和15 66,干扰作用指数分别为0 2179和0 5649.4种处理的防治效果依次为放蜂2次>喷施高效大功臣>放蜂1次>喷施高效氯氰菊酯.

Abstract:The experiment was conducted to estimate the influences of Abamectin, imidacloprid, buprofezin and dimethoate on Bemisia tabaci. The result showed that the imidacloprid was the most effective and its interference index of population control (IIPC) was (0.047 2), i.e. the population of B. tabaci in the imidacloprid-used area was 4.72% of the population in control, the next are abamectin and buprofezin, their IIPC are (0.101 9) and (0.155 1), respectively. The IIPC of the population of B. tabaci in dimethoate area was (1.076 2), this means the population of B. tabaci in the dimethoate application block was (1.076 2) times of that of the control.

Abstract:The characters and influencing factors of the degredation of organophosphorus pesticides of methamidophos, chlorpyrifos and monocrotophos by hydrogen peroxide (H_2O_2) were studied. The result showed that hydrogen peroxide had highly activity in degrading the organophosphorus pesticides, and the degradation rates were 5-13 times of that of the treatment without H_2O_2.Ultraviolet radiation could significantly increase the degradation of the pesticides, which were 3-9 times of the treatment with daylight, and 10-20 times of the treatment without light. When the initial pH-value was at 4-6,the lest degradation rates were gotten, while the rates increased with high basic condition. However, the degradation was restrained with the use of O_2. The degradation rates increased with the time of reaction. The degradation of pesticides was expected to get even better results at higher concentration of H_2O_2 concentration, and the degradation rates was decreased with more chemical added, however, the degraded amount increased.

Abstract:Using the method of matching design, the resistance to Plasmopara viticola and Sphaceloma ampelinum, as well as resistance relationship were studied with 8 varieties (strain) of Vitis vinifera and a hybrid of V. vinefera and V. amurensis by natural infection investigation in field and artificial inoculation evaluation on leaf disc in lab. The results showed that the distribution of the resistance to P. viticola was negative correlated with that of the resistance to S. ampelinum, but not significantly. So it could be inferrred that slightly effect multiple-genes which controlled P. viticola and S. ampelinum were not same gene-group, or were two gene-groups whose degree of chain were not strong. But the two diseases had some extent negative relationship indeed. That is to say, varieties having strong resistance to P. viticola had not same degree resistance to S. ampelinum, conversely, it was the same. The resistance of same variety to two disease emerged interlocking phenomena.

Abstract:The results from pot experiment, plot test and pharmacelltical product selection by sifting were showed that the phenoxy-hydroxy-acid herbicides such as 2,4-D-Na, 2,4-D butylate and Banvel were highly active to distress weed Mikania micrantha, effective to keep off M. micrantha and control its growth. The best results of the different application parts were both in the top part and the middle parts of the plants. The effects could be improved by adding SDS into phenoxy-hydroxy-acid herbicides. M. micrantha had different sensibilities to phenoxy-hydroxy-acid herbicides in different development stages from seedling to peak of growing season. The drug resistance can be improved from early flowering growth; MCPA-Na was unefficient in controlling M. micrantha.

Abstract:Composition of arthropod species on Kudzu, Pueraria lobata and the population dynamics of five main phytophagous insect groups were analyzed. It showed that 212 species of arthropods on Pueraria lobata, from 87 families belonging to 15 orders were collected and identified, and 138 species of them, which are from 43 families, feeding on Pueraria lobata. There were a regulatory population dynamics of five phytophagous insect groups, small bean bug Chauliops fallax, sieve pore bug Megacopta cribraria, Megacopta spp., leafbeetles and planthoppers. Three peaks of population dynamic of C. fallax were found in the year. The first peak occurred in middle and late April, the second one occurred in late June to early July and the third one occurred in early and middle September while the low level of population in middle and late November to next February was observed. Three peaks of population of M. crabraria were found in middle May, late June and September, respectively. Two peaks of leafbeetles population and four peaks of Megacopta spp. and planthoppers population were observed. On the other hand, the results of analysis on populations showed that the level of population in the first half year was higher than that in the second half year, and that Chauliops fallax and planthoppers were more important than others species.

Abstract:对常年用人工或除草剂除草的茶园(单一园)和在地面种植长耳节草Hedyotisuncinella的茶园(复合园)的昆虫类群进行了调查,并对昆虫类群结构和类群主要特征进行了分析.结果显示,单一园调查到11目62种370头个体昆虫,而复合园有11目75种337头个体昆虫.复合园昆虫类群丰富度值为3 8035±0 2682,高于单一园值3 3318±0 2481;复合园Shannon Weiner多样性指数(3 1064±0 1392)显著地高于单一园相应值(2 6077±0 1941);复合园昆虫类群均匀性指数比单一园的高,而类群优势集中性指数比单一园的低.

Abstract:The chestnut (Castanea mollissima) plantation was surveyed systematically. The results showed that the population density of chestnut gall wasp (Dryocomus kuriphilus) increased while chestnut trees grew from 1 to 6 years gradually. Compared with no intercropping treatment, the chestnut plantation intercropped with earthnut, corn and soybean had the lowest gall rate by the chestnut gall wasp.The distribution of chestnut gall wasp was the aggregated distribution patten and its basic component was individual colony in a chestnut plantation.The higher the population density of chestnut gall wasp ,the higher its aggregated degree in the chestnut plantation was.In the same crown level,the population density of chestnut gall wasp was not different significantly in the orientation of eastern,southern,western and northern branches of the trees. The population density was significantly different between inner and outer or upper and lower crown layers. The sampling methods,including intersecting diagonal,diagonal,parallel and random sampling were suitable to study chestnut gall wasp. The optimum sampling number and sequential sampling table were obstained by Iwao's method.

Abstract:To obtain polymorphic markers between parents, a modified RFLP-subtractive hybridization method was developed. The method uses restriction fragments of a parent as a driver, which were ligated to form large fragment DNA, for hybridization with tester DNA, and the driver/tester hybrid fragments are removed by using a PCR purification kit. The method was used to isolate polymorphic sequences between Zhenshan97B and a Rf-gene near-isogenic line ZSR11 with normal and CMS-WA cytoplasms, respectively. As a result, two polymorphic sequences, Bgl II-1 and Pst I-4, were obtained. Southern blot analysis indicated that the polymorphisms were associated with the normal and CMS-WA types of cytoplasm.

Abstract:Embryogenic callus was successfully induced starting from immature male flowers in 2 out of 5 banana cultivars and starting from scalps in 2 out of 3 cultivars. All these 4 cultivars from which embryogenic callus could be induced belonged to Musa AAA group. The frequency of embryogenic callus induction was depended on genotypes, cultivars and incubation conditions etc. Embryogenic cell suspensions (ECSs) were initiated successfully from embryogenic callus of all these 4 cultivars. The possibility of getting ECSs from embryogenic callus was also cultivar-dependent.

Abstract:In this project, the effect of ultrasounding treatment with three sorts of organic solvents on yeast cell membrane permeability was studied, by measuring the concentration of nucleic acid, protein and fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP) before and after the treatment. The result showed that by increasing the effective time, the concentration of nucleic acid , protein and FDP in the broth increased gradually after ultrasound treatment with power of 600, 500 and 400 W, the most notable effect being achieved by 600 W ultrasounding. After treatment with those ultrasounds, the livability of cells decreased. That was to say, the number of disintegrated cells increased. With the extension of effective time, livability decreased most quickly when applying 600 W, then 500 W and 400 W. Among organic solvents, toluol and chloroform affected exudation from the cell very much, but damage the cell severely. Aether has little influence on the cell livability.

Abstract:There are 28 species of rare and endangered plants in Ehuangzhang Nature Reserve,which belong to 27 genera and 20 families. Among them, 4 were ferns, 3 were gymnosperms and 21 were angiosperms. Their distribution patterns, possible reason and value were described, and the effective protective methods were put forward.

Abstract:Diversity of forest soil invertebrate assemblages was investigated in Shimentai Nature Reserve where lies a transition zone between the southern subtropical zone and the middle subtropical zone in September and October 2001. A total of (20 045) soil invertebrate individuals which belong to 89 families (including microdrile oligochaetes, mesogastropoda and acarina etc.) of 25 orders in 9 classes under 3 phyla was collected. Of the collected specimens, Acarina and Collembola (mainly Isotomidae, Entomobryidae, Onychiuridae and Neanuridae), accounting for 66.0% and 13.7% of the total collected individuals, respectively, were the dominant groups of forest soil invertebrate assemblages in Shimentai Nature Reserve, Thysanoptera (Phlaeothripidae) and Hymenoptera (mainly Formicidae) are the ordinary groups in this region and constitute 6.8% and 5.8% of the total collected individuals, respectively. Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Density-Group index were used to compare the diversity of soil invertebrate assemblages in two different habitats (natural evergreen broad-leaf forest and planted forest). The results showed that the diversity of soil invertebrate assemblages in natural evergreen broad-leaf forest was much higher than that of planted forest impacted by human activity (P<0.05). Using Density-Group index to measure the diversity of soil invertebrate assemblages is more reasonable than Shannon-Wiener diversity index in this case because the Acarina individuals predominate in the samples which covers up the information of other soil invertebrate groups.

Abstract:简述中国长颚步甲属分类研究概况，列出我国已知种类及分布，描述了产于云南西南部横断山区的该属种类一新种：瘦长颚步甲Stomis elongates Tian et Pan，sp．nov．

Abstract:用中等毒力新城疫（ND）-Roakin株病毒作为抗原，与ND抗体配制不同比例的复合物，并在37℃感作不同的时间，分别配制复合物疫苗1和复合物疫苗2，用无特定病原菌（SPF）鸡进行免疫对比试验。试验鸡随机分为4组，饲养在隔离器中，除对照组外，试验1、2、3组分别在20日龄接种复合物疫苗1，复合物疫苗2和常规Roakin活疫苗。各组从免疫后第1周起至第7周，每周采血，用HI试验检测血清中ND抗体水平，70日龄时用北京株ND强毒进行攻毒试验，第1、2组在接种疫苗后，有个别鸡出现轻微喘气或羽毛蓬松的症状，2-3d后好转；第3组接种疫苗后，鸡群100%发病，呈典型ND症状，约1周后康复，无鸡只死亡；对照组的鸡群一直保持健康状态。第1、2、3组的抗体水平分别在免疫后的2、3、2周达到高峰，HI效价分别为1：2^9,1:2^8.5和1：2^10，在第7周分别下降为1：2^6.07,1:2^6.07和1：2^7，而对照组的HI效价一直在1：2^2左右。攻毒后，对照组死亡率为100%，第1、2、3组分别为13.3%,6.7%和6.7%。试验结果提示：用中等毒力的NDV和ND抗体配制成抗原抗体复合物疫苗，可以大大减轻疫苗的毒副作用。在保持疫苗良好免疫原性的同时，提高了疫苗的安全性。

Abstract:The subject of study was a foot-and-mouth disease virus(FMDV) type O prevalent strain. The VP1 gene of FMDV was amplified by RT-PCR and subsequently inserted into the expression vector pET-32a. The VP1 gene was sequenced and compared with other published FMDV type O strains isolated from different areas. The success in cloning of the VP1 gene laid down a basis for the construction of a recombinant genetically-engineered vaccine. Analysis of the sequence revealed that the reading frame of the VP1 gene insert was correct. The protein corresponding to the VP1 gene was expressed in E.coli BL21(DE3)after induction with IPTG. SDS-PAGE and western-blotting showed that the VP1 fusion protein was expressed efficiently and had good antigenicity.

Abstract:以伪狂犬病毒为模式病毒，按照仔猪体质量分别将100、10、1μg/kg CpG序列同猪伪狂犬疫苗联合免疫接种仔猪，检测仔猪的体液及细胞免疫反应．试验结果表明：不同浓度的CpG序列均能显著提高仔猪的特异性抗体滴度、白细胞介素(IL)-2诱生活性以及淋巴细胞增殖反应，证明CpG序列能显著增强仔猪对常规疫苗的免疫应答能力。

Abstract:A pair of primers were designed based on the DNA sequence of the outer membrane protein A gene (ompA)in Genbank. With the special primers, ompA of E.coli O_2, O_(78) and their fusion bivalent attenunated strain O_(2,78) (Chl~r Nor~r) were amplified by PCR. After sequencing , all of the three ompA were shown to contain (2 276) nt. Starting at nucleotide (1 037) and ending at nucleotide (2 077), an open reading frame(ORF) of (1 041) bp encodes the pro-OmpA protein consisting of 346 amino acid residues. Hydrophobicity analysis suggested that the preceeding 21 amino acid constitute a typical signal sequence, and that the mature form of OmpA is 325 amino acid long with a relative molecular mass of (37 000). Analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the three ompA genes of avian Escherichia coli showed that they were all identical. These results indicated that O_2 and O_(78) have the same outer membrane protein A antigen.

Abstract:从理论方面探讨了精密播种对机插质量的影响，采用外槽轮的播种原理和电磁振动相结合的排种理论，设计出一种新的毯状秧苗精密播种装置．试验结果表明：采用电磁振动式播种装置进行排种的合格率和均匀度比外槽轮式播种装置的高，排种稳定性好。以每平方厘米2～4粒为合格时，其合格率可达92．8％以上，能够满足水稻毯状秧苗精量播种的农艺要求，为提高机插质量打下基础．

Abstract:The effect of microbial strains, spore suspension concentration and fermentation time on the isoflavone content of fermented soybean curd during the first fermentation period was investigated. The strains used were Actonomucor elegaus, Mucor wutungkiao and Rhizopusoligosporus saito. The results showed the isoflavone content differed dramatically depending on the strain used, and Rhizopusoligosporus saito could enhance the isoflavone content of the product by 133% and 90% compared to those with Actonomucor elegaus, and Mucor wutungkiao respectively.

Abstract:This thesis aims at an in-depth research of the phenomenon-steadiness in product quality but low index of work procedure ability, which generally exists in such fields as chemical industry. The research proves that the above-mentioned problem results form the fact that the quality index of work procedure products X is not subordinate to the normal distribution in parts of an area. And it further proves that the current calculating method of work procedure ability index is unadaptable in some areas such as chemical industry. According to the research result of the thesis, it can be concluded that redefining the calculating formula of work procedure ability index may lead to an effective solution of the above problem, with the quality index of work procedure products X subordinate to the above abnormal distribution, mathematical statistics as fundamental principle, and the probability leading to the first-class error less than 0.27%.

Abstract:Polyethylene glycol(PEG)/montmorillonite composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectrum and differential thermal analysis. The results showed that there were 1 or 2 layers of PEG lying flat between the montmorillonite plates. PEG entered the lamellae by replacing part of the inter-lamellar water. Polyethylene glycol of higher molecular weight showed stronger interaction with the surface of montmorillonite plates.

Abstract:Under the transmission electron microscope, two types of cells were found in the adenohypophysis pars tuberalis of Beagle dog, i.e. cells with secretory granules and cells without secretory granules. The former could be divided into three kinds according to the size of the secretory granules which were about 301-605, 155-388 and 124-202 nm in diameter respectively.

Abstract:Based on the analysis of cytoplasmic like-plasmid, WB-a new male sterile cytoplasm identified recently by Huazhong Agricultural University was found to contain S_1 and S_2-type plasmids. The result indicated that WB was further confirmed belonging to S-group cytoplasmic male sterility.

Abstract:The present paper is a supplement to the Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae (volume 51, Violaceae, 1991), mainly based on the study results in the Royal Botanic Garden, Kew, the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh,and the British Museum by the first author in 2000. Ten species are reported, namely Viola yunnanfuensis W.Becker,Viola duclouxii W.Becker, Viola pulla W.Becker,Viola gan-chouenensis W.Becker,Viola dentariaefolia Boissieu,Viola fargesii Boissieu,Viola mairei Leveille,Viola perpusilla Boissieu,Viola striatella Boissieu and Viola belophylla Boissieu. All specimens involved are preserved in the herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and that of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh.

Abstract:Five species are reported as new records to Hainan Island, China. They are Acer cordatum Pax, Hedera nepalensis var. sinensis (Tobl.) Rehd. , Gentiana loureirii (G. Don) Griseb. , Eupatorium catarium Veldk. and Tithonia diversifolia A. Gray. All the voucher specimens involved are preserved in Herbarium of South China Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (IBSC).

Abstract:A saprophytic species, Sciaphila megastyla Fukuyama et Suzuki of Triuridaceae, is first reported in Guangdong, China. It was found in the understorey of a bamboo stand on Nankunshan, Guangdong Province in July 2003.