Abstract:The white clover mosaic virus coat protein gene was successfully introduced into white clover, Trifolium repens L., plants through their cotyledons, mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Transgenic plants resistant to Kanamycin were obtained after selection, differentiation and regeneration. All of the transgenic plants were tested by PCR, Southern blot and Northern analysis, which indicated that white clover mosaic virus coat protein gene had integrated into the plant genome and got expressed.

Abstract:This paper described the seed storage protein diversity of 42 selected alfalfa materials. Special two of them, which can be used in synthetic breeding of alfalfa, were got by analysis of seed storage protein diversity. The result provides a better insight into alfalfa germplasm resources collection, protection and realistic reflection of the genetic relationships among varieties.

Abstract:Using the materials (Paspalum vaginatum Sw.) of three natural populations and one turfgrass cultivar from Guangzhou, Panyu and Zhuhai in Guangdong Province, the genetic diversities and their distribution pattern within and among populations were analyzed by means of RAPD molecular markers. The results showed that a total of 176 reproducible RAPD fragments were produced by using 10-mer random primers, with an average of 8.8 fragments per primer. One hundred and fourteen fragments (64.77% of the total observed) were polymorphic . By analysis of Shannon information index, the genetic diversity indexes within and among populations were 0.023 0 and 0.276 7 respectively, and the genetic diversity index of whole population was 0.299 7. The genetic differentiation coefficient was 0.923 3, which illustrated that total genetic variations among populations was 92.33% and variations within populations was only 7.67% . It also indicate that the inbreeding system of vegetative multiplication of seashore paspalum play an important role in adjusting the genetic variation of this species. UPGMA cluster analysis showed that all individuals from four populations were divided into two clades. One included turfgrass cultivar (Hawaii grass) and population Panyu, and another included population Guangzhou and population Zhuhai. The results are consistent with the morphological characteristics such as height and diameter of culm.

Abstract:Effects of different stubbles cradled on dynamic growth and yield in four alfalfa varieties were investigated in the area of Yellow River Delta during 2002. The results showed that the stubble's branch quantities with the cradling increased were more than the first stubble's, especially more increased after the second stubble. The branch quantities of four alfalf varieties cradled got to the peak at the 18th to 22nd days and then decreased . The highest daily growth appeared after the first stubble and decreased subsequently. Alfalfa SD003's height was increased during the second stubble, while the other three breeds, decreased. So it was with the dry mass. Accordingly, to 96S016 and Zhongmu No. 1 of lower yield we can advance the harvesting time of the second stubble by 5 to 10 days, while to alfalfa SD003 we can appropriately delay the first cradle s harvesting date.

Abstract:采用土培、砂培等方法,利用高粱-苏丹草杂交种,研究耐盐性杂种优势.结果表明,在盐(NaCl)胁迫下,杂种的发芽率、出苗率、幼苗成活率、生长速率等均优于亲本,存在明显的杂种优势,但杂种间有差异.而相对电导率及丙二醛含量则存在负向优势.研究中还发现,种子萌发期比苗期耐盐性强.

Abstract:An experiment on varieties comparisons among Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pars. cv. Kashi which was originally selected from Xinjiang wildtype plant resources and cultivated by College of Grassland Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, the ordinary bermudagrass (introduced from America) ,and wild bermudagrass in Urumq was performed from 1998 to 2002. The result showed that root's growth date of Kashi variety was 86 days, creeping stem length was 60.7 cm, nutrition branch height was 30.31 cm, mass of 1000 kernels was around 0.43 g. It was of high quality and soft feeling by touching. Also the leaf was wider (compared with the check variety) , but the ability of vegetation covering was strong, and the density was big, the color was green and looked beautiful. The ability of oversummering, trample endurance, overwintering, resistance of disease and pest was strong. The time of coming into turf was about 40 days in Xinjing.

Abstract:In this paper, the photopeirod sensitivity of 6 corn varieties was measured. Six corn varieties are male and female parents plants of Huanong No. 1, F1 generation hybrid, F2 generation hybrid and other two contrastive varieties. The effects of long-day photoperiod on plant growth were done in Inner Mongolia by pot culture. The results indicated that significant difference of photoperiod sensitivity was observed among 6 varieties. Based on the index of total leaf number (TLN), those varieties could be divided into four types: the extremely sensitive type, sensitive type, relatively sensitive type and relatively non-sensitive type. The results in pot culture experiment showed that the photoperiod significantly regulated shoot growth of the sensitive type, but had no significant effects on the relatively non-sensitive type. Under the conditions of long-day light in Inner Mongolia, the numbers of plant height, shoot dry mass, stem girth of sensitive ensilage corn were low in seedling stage (5-leaf period), but significantly increased in harvest stage. Being long-day light inhibition, the extremely sensitive type grew relatively slowly in all of its development stages. The results also indicated that photoperiod sensitivity appeared in F1 generation and separated in F2 generation.

Abstract:对6个狼尾草属牧草在珠海市斗门区进行引种试验.结果表明:杂交狼尾草的节间数最少,分蘖数最多;热研4号王草的株高最高,节间数最多;象草新品系(MT-1)的鲜草产量最高,摩特矮象草的最低,分别为370 683.9、214 286.8 kg/(hm2·年),MT-1比摩特矮象草的鲜草产量高72.98%;在杂交狼尾草、MT-1、摩特矮象草3种牧草中,摩特矮象草的叶茎比最大,为0.79,且与其他2种牧草有显著差异,而其他2种牧草的叶茎比没有显著差异.

Abstract:Nutrient content of the herbage on the rangeland is affected by growing period and decreased with changes of the growing season. The dynamics of nutrient content and digestibility of the mixed grasses and the sheep diet change under the different grazing systems. The study demonstrated that the nutrient content of the herbage on the rangeland was higher under grazing than it under no grazing. The nutrient content under rotate grazing (RG) was better than under continued grazing (CG) . The nutrient content of the sheep diet was higher than that on the natural rangeland (no grazing). The quality of the diet in RG was better than that in CG. The digestibility of the mixed grasses and the sheep diet correlate with the nutrient content positively and decrease with the changing seasons. The difference of digestibility among the different grazing systems was not obvious. The digestibility of the diet in CG was higher than that in RG before July, but opposite after July.

Abstract:Having been planted in Yunnan Province since 1983, Trifolium pratensis cv. Redquin is a shortterm perennial leguminous forage and a leading variety for grassland ecological establishing in Yunnan Province. Because of strong adaptability, the variety can be grown from cool temperate zone to subtropical zone in Yunnan Province, and the considerable planting area can extend to the south of Qinling Mountains in China. Normally, the dry mass yields for grazing is 2 - 5 t/hm2; but at higher level of cultural practices, the dry mass yield may reach 15-20 t/hm2 for mowing, because of strong adaptability.

Abstract:Lotus uliginosus Schkuhr cv. Grassland Maku, planted in Yunnan Province since 1983, is a perennial leguminous grass. The adaptability of the variety is abroad, the DM yield is 2.20-2.85 t/hm2 from warm temperate zone to subtropical zone, and higher than all popular varieties of white clover in Yunnan Province. The considerable planting area can extend to the south of Qingling Mountains in China.

Abstract:Nine sugarcane materials have been studied, with elephant grass as check plant. The results show that mowing in vegetative period will make the regeneration and DM yield of sugarcane obviously lower than elephant grass. The frost resistance of some sugarcane materials is superior to elephant grass. Because of the lower food value of sugarcane in vegetative period, but better than that of elephant grass in mature period, it is more suitable for mowing in mature period than that in vegetative compared with elephant grass. Among different materials of sugarcane, there are some difference existed in the early growing rate, tilling ability, regeneration, frost resistance and DM yield.

Abstract:After studying on the photoperiod phenomenon, we recognized that growth of plants could be affected by photoperiod. Photoreceptors, which are called the entrance of ray, can reset the time of plant's day and night bio-clock. According to the process of resetting, hundreds of genes' expression could be regulated. Photoperiod could affect the nutrient uptake and utilization in maize. Strong interactions were observed between photoperiod and root-zone temperature on the concentration of numerous mineral elements in maize tops and roots. Someone proposed that photoperiod could affect the concentration of some plant-growth regulators. These plant-growth regulators could change the nutrient uptake, the effects of the phytochrome system, the membrane permeability to ions and vegetative organ morphology. Moreover, the observed effects of photoperiod on plant growth are due to their effects on the nutrient uptake. If the phenomenon is true, It would contribute to high yield of vegetative organ agriculture.

Abstract:Seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Sw.) is both forage and turfgrass, and possesses some important economic and ecological values. In this paper, the current research situation is reviewed,and the forage value, salinity tolerance,drought resistance as well as wear tolerance are introduced. Meanwhile, its utilization values in ecological reconstruction are also summarized in this paper.

Abstract:The genetic diversity of Agropyron mongolicum from six natural populations and two cultivars in the central and east regions of Inner Mongolia was synthetically assessed. It was showed that A. mongolicum possessed a higher genetic diversity within population than that among populations as a result of the cross-pollinated breeding system. Between natural populations and cultivars, the genetic diversity among six natural populations was much higher than that between two cultivars, owing to the environmental heterogeneity of natural populations. In the meantime, there also was a genetic differentiation between two cultivars. It was clear that artificial selection played an important role in the differentiation. UPGMA cluster analysis showed that eight populations could basically be divided into three groups adapting to their own soil conditions. These groups were sand-land populations, gravelly-slope populations and sandy soil cultivars respectively. It is enough to prove that natural and artificial selections have an enormous effect on the differentiation among populations.

Abstract:This paper summarized the main research progress of biotechnology on forage plants breeding in the past 20 years. It includes: application prospect of plant cell and tissue culture for gemplasm conservation; somatic hybridization and embryo rescue to overcome hybrid barrier between species; technologies of molecular marker and transgenic plant for improvement of forage quality, resistance to disease , pest and abiotic stress; and transgenic plant as a bioreactor.

Abstract:The fluctuation of ion concentration and osmosis is induced by salt stress, followed by the generation of second messengers (e.g., IP3 and reactive oxygen species). Second messengers can modulate intracellular Ca2+ levels, and initiate a protein phosphorylation cascade that finally aims at proteins directly involved in cellular protection or transcription factors controlling specific sets of stress-regulated genes.

Abstract:A series of turfgrass breeding work have been done since 1950's. About 10 varieties were registered by the Chinese herbage cultivar registration board, and more than 100 turfgrass varieties were applied by directly introduced from foreign countries, including Poa pratenis, Festuca arundinacea, Festuca rubra, Lolium prenne, Zoysia matrella, Cynodon dactylon, Dichondra repens and so on. The problem at present is that the number of registered varieties is too few, and the level of breeding is very low. According to the present condition, we should try to exploit the native genetic resources, mainly use the ordinary breeding technology combining with the biotechnology so as to quickly breed turfgrass cultivars, construct good seeding production system, and develop the turfgrass in ecological construction and environmental virescence.

Abstract:The present situation of grasslands and forage breeding in Heilongjiang Province has been analyzed in a systemic way in this letter. The directions ahead of forage breeding research was advanced, which is culturing forage and feed crop varieties of stronger resistance and high-yield with the way combining with the excellent and up-to-date technique and the common technique. It can provide fine forage varieties for adjusting the agricultural planting structure and the industrial structure, and improving the low-producing fields, and can promote the development of the grass industry and the agriculture and livestock fanning in Heilongjiang Province.

Abstract:Combined with the authors' research work, it was summarized that the important role of somatic embryogenesis induction to establishment of regeneration tissue culture system and gene transformation system, and factors of effect on somatic embryogenesis production, as well as apph'cation of somatic embryogenesis germination to turfgrasses genetic breeding.

Abstract:An experiment on corn variety comparison among Shidan no. 4 corn, Dandong no. 7 corn SC-704 com had been done on heavily salted and sanded soil, and the analysis of correlation about leaf length and mass of single corn was done, between 2002 - 2003. The result indicate that adaptability of Shidan no. 4 com, Dandong no.7 corn and SC-704 corn was strong, and was able to complete whole grow period. Two traits had close relation with Shidan no. 4 single mass, female fringe length > leaf length. The standardization regression coefficient of leaf length and female fringe respectively was 0.442 and 0.456. Four traits had close relation with SC-704 corn single mass, female fringe length > single corn high > leaf width > section length. The standardization regression coefficient of female fringe length and single corn height respectively was 0.487 and 0.382. Two traits had close relation with Dandong no. 7 corn, single corn hight > the female fringe length, the standardization regression coefficient of height, leaf width was 0.530 and 0.379 respectivly.

Abstract:研究了杂种披碱草——圆柱披碱草毋Elymus cylindricus×披碱草E.dauricus(简称Y×P)和披碱草×肥披碱草E.excelsus(简称P×F),及其亲本——披碱草、肥披碱草、圆柱披碱草的种子萌发期抗逆性.结果表明:5种草耐盐性排序为Y×P>P×F>披碱草>圆柱披碱草>肥披碱草.5种牧草中P×F对盐的抗性最强,而肥披碱草对盐的抗性最差.抗旱性方面,P×F和Y×P的抗旱性较强,肥披碱草的抗旱性最差,而其他牧草种抗旱性居中.