Abstract:The discovery of avermectins, chemical structure of analogues , mode of action, synthesis and related biological activity of analogues and others were reviewed in the paper. And the authers also mentioned the study on relation between chemical structure and biological activity of derivatives of avermectins.

Abstract:Potassium efficiency of soybean genotypes 94065-2 (tolerance of low potassium) and 95137 (sensitive to low potassium) was studied in solution culture with 4 different potassium concentrations. Some root morphological parameters, root activity and yield of 94065-2 were superior to those of 95137 under low K stress. There was significant difference in efficiency of potassium uptaken between the two soybean genotypes, but no remarkable difference in potassium utilization ratio. The high potassium efficiency of 94065-2 might be attributed to its stronger ability to absorb potassium.

Abstract:Six arable soils with different fertility in Yongshou county, Shaanx Province with typical semiarid-climate characters were chosen. Soils were sampled at different depth within 0-100 cm before sowing. The content of mineralizable nitrogen (MAN), total nitrogen (TN) and organic matter (OM) at different depth of soils were analysed to study the relationships between these three indices and crop uptake of nitrogen (CUN). The results showed that there were good correlations among MAN, TN and OM in different soil layers. The correlation between MAN and CUN was higher than that between MAN and TN, as well as MAN and OM. The correlation coefficient between the sum of MAN plus initial mineral nitrogen in soils and CUN was higher than that between MAN and CUN. MAN, TN and OM had higher correlation to CUN at the depth of 0-45 cm than that at the depth below 45 cm, and the correlation was the highest at the depth of 30-45 cm. As an index to evaluate soil nitrogen availability, MAN was better than TN or OM (or modified value).

Abstract:应用作物品种区域试验非平衡资料的分析方法,对参试的5个甘蔗品种的9个主要性状4年6个试点的非平衡资料进行分析,结果表明:(1)环境因素对不同性状的效应不同,蔗茎产量以年份和试点的效应为主,蔗糖产量是年份及基因×年份互作效应为主;(2)7个主要性状与蔗茎产量之间及其与蔗糖产量之间的协方差分量效应基本一致;(3)甘蔗品种粤糖93/159和Roc22的9个性状表现均较优良,综合性状和蔗茎产量及蔗糖产量的稳定性较好,是生产上可大面积推广应用的优良品种.

Abstract:Easily browned litchi pericarp was chosen to study the extraction effects of chorophll, carotenoid and chorophll b/chorophll a. Different extraction methods showed different results with the same material. The absorption spectrum characteristics were subsequently subjected to study. Results displayed that only that of extraction methods used with ether was accordance with the former reports.The other related extractions showed higher aptical density and there were irregular unknown absorbance peaks appeared around the wavelength of 350 nm.

Abstract:Lawn quality of 112 cultivars including five cool-season species and one warm-season species turfgrasses were evaluated and its influence factors were analyzed in Beijing area. The results showed that Lolium perenne and Agrostis had the fastest establishing speed, and Poa pratensis the slowest among five cool-season species. Warm-season common Cynodon dactylon showed the slowest establishing speed in six test species. Lawn quality of warm-season and cool-season species had obvious seasonal difference. Warm-season turfgrasses had the highest quality in the hottest July and August, however, cool-season turfgrasses behaved well at spring and autumn. Seasonal change and species are two important factors affecting lawn quality, but variance of different cultivars was small, equivalent to that of different replications.

Abstract:The effects of four different culture medium on the growth, cut flower yields, leaf structure and ultramicroscopic structure of Heliconia psittacorum cells were studied. The results showed that the mixture of yellow soil and peat was the best medium, followed by the field soil. When grown in the two media, H. psittacorum produced green leaves and high yields of cut flowers. Also, the leaf cells were normally developed. However, the basic media, eg. the mixture of yellow soil and peat and mushroom compost or the mixture of yellow soil and mushroom compost and sand, inhibited the growth of plants. The leaves showed symptoms of chlorosis, the leaf cells were arranged densely, the chloroplasts were damaged to some extents. This resulted in low yields and poor quality of cut flowers.

Abstract:利用方差分析方法,研究了光源照射角度、探头距离、光源距离3个几何测试条件对室内土壤高光谱数据离散性的影响.结果表明,探头距离对室内高光谱样本曲线的离散性影响不明显,而光源照射角度、光源距离对室内高光谱样本曲线离散性影响的显著性与选取的研究波段范围有关,除B1波段(400～900nm)外,都达到了极显著水平.在该试验研究条件下,15°的光源照射角度、15cm的探头距离和30cm的光源照射距离是较理想的室内测试几何条件组合.

Abstract:Under pot culture conditions with no runoff and no leaching, the recovery rate of K fertilizer of the 10 major soil types of Guangxi were investigated and the values ranged from 79.0% to 93.8%, with an average of 87.5%. The correlation of the recovery rate of K fertilizer to soil available K after harvest was negative and very significant, and so was to soil cation exchange capacity (CEC). The calculation ways of the supply of soil K influenced the recovery rate of K fertilizer very greatly. The calculation of supply of soil K should be based on the variations of soil K status between planting and after harvesting and the buffer property of soil K, and so as the recovery rate of K fertilizer.

Abstract:Cinnamon Soil was used to study the effects of heavy metal cadmium and zinc contamination on the nutritional quality of non-heading Chinese cabbage with pot culture. The results showed that under single cadmium or zinc treatment the content of chlorophyll, reducing sugar and vitamin C gradually decreased with the levels of cadmium or zinc added in soil. The content of crude protein dropped when cadmium or zinc concentration was low and rose when it was high. The content of crude fibre decreased with low concentration and increased with high concentration of zinc and it increased with the levels of added cadmium. Under complex cadmium and zinc treatment, zinc cooperated with cadmium to improve the content of crude protein and reduce the content of chlorophyll, reducing sugar and vitamin C. Zinc counteracted cadmium to affect the content of crude fibre.

Abstract:The technical principles, characteristics, composition and planting techniques of 2 kinds of floating phytoremediation systems made with bamboo and degradable polyfoam plate were described. The growth of Canna generalis, Cyperus alternifolius, Vetiveria zizanioides, Ipomoea aquatica, Cuphen hyssopifolia, Coleus scutellarioides, Sanchezia nobilis, Cyathula prostrata and the purification effects on N and P in piggery wastewater by these plants cultivated in the systems were also investigated. The results showed that the floating phytoremediation system was simple to install and manage, and durable too. Canna generalis, Vetiveria zizanioides, Ipomoea aquatica and Cuphen hyssopifolia had good purification effects on N and P in piggery wastewater. These systems have prospects for a vast range of application in purifying wastewater.

Abstract:The litchi fruit borer Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley is one of most serious pests in litchi orchard. The life tables of the litchi fruit borer population feeding on litchi variety Feizixiao were constructed according to the effects of the active factors in different development stages of the litchi fruit borer in this paper. The results showed that the fecundity of the litchi fruit borer feeding on litchi fruit were 160.3 eggs/female obviously higher than 99.6 eggs/female feeding on young shoots. The survival rate of litchi fruit borer feeding on litchi young shoots were 96.4%, while the survival rate was 90.7% for the borer feeding on litchi fruits. The life tables of litchi fruit borer feeding on litchi shoots and fruits in liboratory were constructed according to the effect of the active factors at different development stages of the litchi fruit borer. The trend indices of population of litchi fruit borer were 43.68 and 25.12 respectively at feeding periods of fruits and shoots.

Abstract:通过选择性试验和非选择性试验，研究了马缨丹5种溶剂萃取物和氯仿萃取物不同浓度对美洲斑潜蝇成虫的产卵驱避作用和拒食作用，结果表明，低极性萃取物和高极性萃取物对美洲斑潜蝇都有一定的产卵驱避作用和拒食作用，其中氯仿萃取物的产卵驱避作用和拒食作用最强，其干扰作用控制指数和拒食率分别为0．370、0．230和59．699％、47．882％，马缨丹氯仿萃取物对美洲斑潜蝇成虫的产卵驱避作用和拒食作用随浓度的增大而增强。

Abstract:The inteference index of population control (IIPC) were used to evaluate the interference effects of alcohol extracts from 20 species of non-preferable plants by means of life table approaches of diamondbach moth(DBM). Among them the alcohol extracts from 8 species of the plants,i.e. Artemisia lactiflora Wall., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Rubia cordifolia L., Chromolaena odorata L., Calystegia hederalea Wall., Stephania longa Lour., Cephalanoplos segetum Bge. and Scirpus wallichii Nees. revealed the better results to control the population of DBM than those from other plants. The IIPCs of all the extracts from plants mentioned above on DBM were all less than 0.2.

Abstract:Five species of hyperparasitoids of Diaeretiella rapae M'Intosh on aphids in vegetables field in Guangzhou, China, were found, and they are: Pachyneuron aphidis (Bouche), Syrphophagus aphidivorus (Mayr), Alloxysta fuscicornis Hartig, Dendrocerus aphidum(Kieffer) and Dendrocerus sp.; P. aphidis is an important hyperparasitoid suppressing the natural population of D. rapae. However, the growth stages of D. rapae affected the development of P. aphidis. The results from experiment showed that the development duration of P. aphidis was 15.22 d in the stage of D. rapae in pre-pupa in 1-24 h significantly longer than in pre-pupa in 48-72 h (12.21 d), while the hyperparasitism of P. aphidis was 15% in pre-pupae of D. rapae in 1-24 h significantly higher than in pre-pupa in 48-72 h(3%). The development phases of P. aphidis including egg, 1~(st) instar larva, 2~(nd) instar larva, 3~(rd) instar larva, pre-pupa and pupa, were described and their photos were given.

Abstract:Indirect ELISA and PCR methods were used to detect the existence of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), banana streak virus (BSV) and banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) respectively in cultured differentiated banana shoots, the results showed that the rate of CMV-carriers was about 2.5% by indirect ELISA, the rate of BSV-carriers was 12.5% of 40 samples by PCR, and no BBTV-carrier was found in 22 samples by PCR.

Abstract:Eight new 1-(1H-1,2,4-triazolyl)-1-Cycloalkyl-(Sub)phenylmathanol compounds were synthesized through the reaction of 1-(1H-1,2,4-triazolyl)-1-(sub)benzoyl-cycloalkane with KBH_4, which were identified by IR, ?~1?H NMR, MS and elemental analysis. The reactive properties and spectrum data were also discussed. Biological activity data indicated that some of the above compounds had good inhibitory action on Puccinia recondite in wheat.

Abstract:建立了用超临界流体从印楝种子中萃取印楝素的方法，用正交试验优化设计选择萃取条件，最佳萃取条件为：温度35℃，压力30MPa，夹带剂用量每克印楝种子干粉1．5mL甲醇，提取率明显优于溶剂法。

Abstract:介绍了应用荧光分光光度法测定α-三联噻吩的分析方法,该法线性范围为0 2～1 0μg/mL,检测限可达2 4×10-4μg/mL,比高效液相色谱法检测限(0 41μg/mL)低3个数量级,灵敏度好、快速方便、重现性好,为植物中α-三联噻吩的研究提供了一种可行的检测方法.并应用此法测定了菊科植物孔雀草Tagetespatula和万寿菊T.erecta根、茎、花冷浸提取物中α-三联噻吩的含量.

Abstract:In order to probe into the effects of ultrasound in different parameters on amylase activity, coarse amylase of rice was purified with diethylaminoethyl cellulose chromatography after being salted out with (NH_4)_2SO_4. Two single protein peaks were separated with gradient elution. The second protein component showed quite high amylase activity and the activity peak inosculated with the protein peak. The ingredient having the highest activity in the second protein peak was used to process polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results showed that there were less ingredients in the purified sample than in the coarse sample. Ultrasound treatment with suitable parameters could increase the enzyme activity by 9.09%-33.09%.

Abstract:The effect of chymopapain autolysis on its purification was studied. It was found that: activated and inactivated chymopapain solution could undergo autolysis. The use of activator accelerated the autolytic process, resulting in heterogeneity of the purified products, and decline in the recovery of enzyme activity and protein. By contrast, using inactivated chymopapain inhibited or delayed the autolysis, the recovery of protein was 64.08%, showing an increase of more than 10%, and recovery of activity was 68.9%, a gain of over 15%.

Abstract:Seventeen soybean (Glycine max L.)varieties representing 10 local, 5 Brazilian and 2 American ones were screened for their somatic embryogenic capacity using uniform in vitro culture methods. Auxin concentrations were optimized with five highest responsive varieties. The optimal concentration of 2,4-D for the varieties of Lianjiang, Zhechun 2, Perry and BRS 07 were found to be 2 mg/L, whereas that for Chief was 5 mg/L. Moreover, synergistic enhancing effects of two additives, copper sulfate and silver nitrate on embryogenesis were detected in separated experiments with Perry and BRS 07 when the media were supplemented with both at 5 mg/L.

Abstract:The secondary-evergreen broadleaved forest was surveyed by using point-quarter sampling method in Dapingzhang Forest Park, Dongguan. The least sampling point in this type of forest was determined. Twenty sampling points were clustered into four types. The dominant species and the ecological physiognomy and community structure of evergreen broadleaved forests were analyzed. The forest was dominated by Cyclobalanopsis myrsinaefolia and Cratoxylum cochinchinense, with an evergreen physiognomy. This community lacked large buttresses and wood megalianas. But epiphytes are rich, demonstrating some features of the south subtropical monsoon evergreen broadleaved forest. Structure of this community is simple, and it can be divided into three layers, namely tree , shrub and herb layers. The secondary-evergreen broadleaved forest was important to the development of Dapingzhang. The protection of such forest must be strengthened to facilitate its succession.

Abstract:From 2001 to 2003, a survey of flowers parasitic nematodes was conducted. Among the species collected from the horizon-shpere of the surveyed flowers, three species, Aphelenchoides bicaudatus,Paratylenchus microdorus and Rhabdotylenchus guangdongensis, were reported for the first time in flowers of Guangdong Province, and the first two were also new geological records of Guangdong Province.

Abstract:Carea subangulata Kobes, 1997 is reported for the first time from China. The species is similar to C. angulata (Fabricius) and C. parangulata Kobes from the external characters, but can be easily recognized by male genitalia. A key to Chinese species of the genus Carea is given.

Abstract:The experiment was conducted to determine the effect of compound methionine-chelated minerals on the reproductive performance and the level of relevant minerals and enzymes in serum of multiparous sows. The period of experiment was one productive cycle. The serum of sow was collected before mating (3 d after weaning) and after conception (30 d after mating). The concentrations of Cu, Fe, Zn increased on both time points, while the concentrations of Mn and Se in serum decreased. Enzymes relevant to these minerals in serum collected before mating were significantly different from those collected after conception. In the serum collected after conception, methionine-chelated minerals reduced the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), increased the activity of ceruloplasmin but had no significant effect on the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP). In the serum collected before mating, methionine-chelated minerals increased the activity of GSH-PX and had no significant effect on the activity of other enzymes. Methionine-chelated minerals had no significant effect on the level of luteinizing hormone in the serum collected before mating, but significantly increased the level of progesterone in serum collected after conception. The organic minerals improved the litter size (0.6) and litter mass(0.78 kg) of multiparous sow.

Abstract:从经ConA活化的4周龄岭南黄鸡脾脏淋巴细胞中分离提取总RNA，经过反转录PCR(RT-PCR)扩增出鸡白细胞介素-2(1L-2)cDNA片断，PCR产物克隆至pGEM-TEasy载体，重组质粒命名为IL-2-T，经菌落PCR与限制酶切鉴定，然后测序，结果表明克隆片断长度为432bp，与预期大小一致，为鸡IL-2基因的编码区全长，将IL-2-T克隆重组质粒进行双酶切(Cla I与Xba I)，回收IL-2片断插入同样酶切的毕赤酵母表达质粒pPiCZa-C，构建重组IL-2-C表达质粒，为鸡IL-2在毕赤酵母中的表达奠定基础。

Abstract:为了研究大肠杆菌O2、O78及其耐药、融合菌株外膜蛋白的免疫原性，用Sarkosyl处理和超速离心技术相结合的方法分别提取禽大肠杆菌强毒株O2、O78，耐药弱毒株O2(Nor^rChl^s)、O78(Not^sChl^r)及其融合双价弱毒株O2.78(Nor^rCll^r)等5个菌株的外膜蛋白(OMPs)，经SDS-PAGE，结果均出现1条相同的相对分子质量在31000-43000之间的主要OMPs条带，表明5个菌株存在相同的OMPs成分，将3个耐药菌株的OMPs分别免疫小白鼠和鸡，结果均产生对O2、O78良好的同源及交叉免疫保护效果，用各耐药菌株的OMPs做包被抗原，ELISA方法都能交叉检测3个耐药菌株OMPs免疫鸡血清中IgG水平，且各IgG的消长曲线基本一致。

Abstract:探讨了噻菌灵(TBZ)对荔枝LitchichinensisSonn.贮藏保鲜的效果.结果表明:用质量浓度为1000和5000mg/L的TBZ处理不同品种的荔枝,在4℃低温下贮藏4周,好果率在80%左右,TBZ浓度增加,保鲜效果提高.残留量研究发现,TBZ在荔枝果皮上残留量较高,在荔枝果肉内的残留量较低.1000mg/L的TBZ处理,荔枝果皮中的残留量在30mg/kg左右,TBZ可由果皮逐渐向果肉内渗透,果肉内的残留量约为0 3mg/kg,约为果皮上最初残留量的1%.据FAO/WHO规定的TBZ每日允许摄入量(ADI)为0 05mg·d-1·kg-1,推荐TBZ在果肉中的最大允许残留量(MRL)为0 5mg/kg,TBZ的使用质量浓度为1000mg/L,安全间隔期为2周.

Abstract:A multisignature scheme of XML electronic official documents based on XML is applied using the XML signature specification, in which every participant signer can select his responsible portion of a document by XPath conversion. This scheme improves the efficiency and flexibility in multisignature procedures.

Abstract:应用pH电位滴定法研究了三元配合物Co(L-phe)(Aa)[L-phe为苯丙氨酸根，Aa-为L-val(缬氨酸根)、L-leu(亮氨酸根)、L-ile(异亮氨酸根)或L-trp(色氨酸根)]在水溶液中的稳定性[t=25℃，c(NaclO4)=0．1mol/L]，三元配合物相对稳定性用δk[δk=△logK-△logKS，其中△logK=logK^Go Go (L-phe)（Aa）-logK^Go Go (L-phe)-logK^Go Go（Aa），△logKS=1／2(△logK(L-phe) △10gK（Aa） log2)]表示，结果表明：与相关L-丙氨酸(L-ala)配合物Co(L-phe)(L-ala)相比，所有这些配合物均具有相对较高的δK值，表明配合物分子内存在着额外的稳定化作用，这种稳定化作用可能主要归因于三元配合物分子内氨基酸侧链之间的疏水作用，并且这种作用随着氨基酸侧链结构变化而变化。

Abstract:Paphiopedilum tranlienianum Gruss et Perner var. saxosum X. M. Xu et X. Ouyang, a new orchid variety from Yunnan, is described and illustrated. It differs from typical P. tranlienianum var. tranlienianum in having broader leaves, 2.5-3.2 cm wide, much longer petals, 4.5-4.8 cm long and a broader staminode lacking auricles at base.