Abstract:Backcross populations were constructed using four kinds of Indica-compatible Japonica lines(ICJLs) and lines with two restorer genes,Rf3,Rf4 and four bacterial blight(BB) resistance genes,Xa4,xa5,xa13 and Xa21.Molecular marker-assisted selection(MAS) was conducted using polymorphic PCR markers tightly linked with six genes mentioned above.Nineteen plants with all six heterozygous target genotypes were selected in BC_1F_1 and developed to BC_1F_2 lines.These lines were detected further.Twenty-eight plants with at least four homozygous target genotypes were obtained.Among them three plants were found to contain six homozygous genotypes,thus indicated successful pyramiding of restorer and BB genes.The test showed that 2 selected plants with six homozygous loci were good restorative to wild abortion type cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS)lines.

Abstract:Under the system of rice intensification,the root activity,N content of plant in all growing stage,the filling rate and the chlorophyll content in ripening stage were studied by using the conventional rice variety "Yuexinzhan" and hybrid rice combination "Tianyou372".The result showed that the root activity in all growing stage,the N content and filling rate in late growing stage,chlorophyll content in ripening stage were increased,and the leaf senescence was delayed,therefore,the grain setting rate and grain yield were increased under the system of rice intensification.

Abstract:以墨兰Cym bidium sinense3个花叶线艺兰品种金嘴、阳明锦和大石门为材料,分析了叶片色斑区叶绿素和类胡萝卜素的质量分数,对其解剖结构和叶绿体超微结构进行了观察,并同叶片正常绿色区进行了比较.结果表明:线艺兰叶斑的形成与叶绿素和类胡萝卜素的质量分数有直接的关系,叶片绿色区金嘴、阳明锦和大石门叶绿素质量分数分别为1.680、1.279和1.584 mg.g-1,类胡萝卜素质量分数分别为0.185、0.159和0.195 mg.g-1,绿色区金嘴、阳明锦和大石门类胡萝卜素与叶绿素质量分数的比值分别为0.110、0.124和0.123;而在叶片黄色区,金嘴、阳明锦和大石门叶绿素质量分数分别为0.693、0.465和0.540 mg.g-1,类胡萝卜素的质量分数分别为0.145、0.136和0.164 mg.g-1,类胡萝卜素与叶绿素质量分数的比值分别为0.209、0.292和0.304.即黄色区类胡萝卜素相对质量分数较高.绿色区和黄色区的叶绿素a与b比值变化不大,但在3个品种中都以绿色区稍高.在叶片绿色部分的细胞中,可以明显看到较多的叶绿体,叶绿体中基粒较发达,类囊体膜垛叠较紧密,有较多较大的淀粉粒;而在叶片黄斑部分的细胞中,基本上看不到完整叶绿体,淀粉粒逐渐消失,基质中存在很多嗜锇滴.

Abstract:Three 'Nuomici' litchi(Litchi chinensis Sonn.) air layering plants were cultivated in root observation chambers to investigate the root morphology and growth pattern,stem extension growth,and relationships between root and stem growth during 12 months.The results showed that different root types varied greatly in morphology,lateral root system was coarse and vigorous with long life span of 8-10 weeks,dense fine roots could only survive for 2-3 weeks;Two air layering plants had 2 higher root growth peaks and 4 lower peaks,while root and stem growth had an alternate growth pattern during one-year period;One air layering plant had one higher root growth peak and 4 lower peaks,while root and stem growth had a synchronous extension pattern;The ratio of root to shoot of 3 plants ranged about 1.0 that indicated root and aerial part grew at equal mass amount.The increase of new root number rather than continuous extension of old root contributed to the occurrence of growth peak.

Abstract:Both nitrate and nitrite contents of vegetable samples from the agricultural area in Pudong,Shanghai,were measured.The results showed that the nitrate content in the vegetable samples decreased orderly as leaf vegetables,melons,beans and eggplants,and the nitrate content of vegetables cultivated in the greenhouse was much higher than that of vegetables of open field.Some leaf vegetables of greenhouse were seriously polluted by the nitrate,the nitrate-induced pollution in Chinese cabbage,swamp morningglory,chicken's feather veggie,amaranth,and greengrocery reached the third grade level,and specially the nitrate-induced pollution index of chicken's feather veggie was 1.28.The nitrite content in vegetable samples was in order of leaf vegetables>legumes>eggplants>melons,and the nitrite content of lettuce,chicken's feather veggie,haricot bean,swamp morningglory and amaranth,which accounted for 13.9% of the total vegetables,exceeded the pollution standard.

Abstract:According to the concept of soil-moisture-balance in Palmer-drought-model,daily drought index(DDI) is defined by available water content(AWC) below level soil.AWC was simulated day by day using daily data of temperature and rainfall. Based on GIS technique and geographic correction model with 5 environmental factors of longitude,latitude,height above the level,grade and slope of terrain, drought spatial distribution with relative high resolution of 1 km was made from scatter data of DDI of 86 stations,which could reflect the effect of terrain factors to drought distribution with more detail.Combined land data,an operation system was developed to monitor and evaluate the occurrence,development,severity degree and distribution of the drought dynamically,and to provide decision-making and evaluation for manmade-rainfall operation.

Abstract:测定了荔枝蒂蛀虫Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley交配前后的雌雄虫对荔枝果肉、荔枝果皮的水蒸气提取物、荔枝嫩梢和龙眼嫩梢的正已烷提取物的触角电生理活性．结果表明，荔枝蒂蛀虫的触角电生理活性随提取物种类不同和该虫的交配前后的不同而差异显著，交配前的荔枝蒂蛀虫对各提取物的反应差异不显著，而交配后荔枝皮提取物对雌虫的活性最大；荔枝皮和嫩梢的提取物体积混合比不同，触角的电生理活性也不同，以荔枝皮和荔枝嫩梢的提取物按体积比4：2混合后活性最大；在不同时间段，触角电生理活性变化明显，在23时到凌晨1时之间呈现高峰期．

Abstract:Spatial pattern of oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel) males was studied in the guava orchard by using geostatistical method.Methyl eugenol was used to attract the males in the sample.The semiviariograms were described at the two directions of east-west and south-north.The results showed that the semivatiograms of B.dorsalis was described by a spherical model and an exponential model,and indicated a spatial pattern ranging from 292.0 to(920.2) m with a spherical model and from 447.6 to(1 567.8 m) with an exponential model in the north-south.The spherical model showed nugget in the east-west.The exponential model indicated a spatial pattern ranging from 770.4 to(2 514.6 m) during from 18~(th) to 30~(th) July,but it indicated nugget in 14~(th) July.

Abstract:从田间感病的椰心叶甲虫尸上分离所得病原菌,经逐步筛选获得最优的绿僵菌M etarhizium anisopliaeBM a-9菌株.其菌落生长率为6.14 mm/d,平均产分生孢子量3.91×109mL-1,孢子萌发率87.32%.1×106mL-1孢子悬浮液处理椰心叶甲时,对3龄幼虫具很强感染力,第3 d平均感染率61%,第8 d平均死亡率97%.

Abstract:Egg parasitism rate of diamondback moth(DBM),Plutella xylostella(L.),by Trichogramma ostriniae Pang et Chen was greatly enhanced when cruciferous vegetables intercropped with sweet corn,Zea mays(L.).During April to June,2001,egg parasitoid collected from crucifers-corn field was predominately T.ostriniae,and its parasitism varied from 4.62% to 11.47%.While parasitoid species in crucifer fields was T.confusum Viggiani,the parasitism rate of which was no more than 4%.Trap cage of black light for naturally rearing wasp also played an important role in population augment of the Trichogrammatoidea bactrae.About 100 000 Trichogramma wasps had been reared from 127 300 eggs laid by trapped DBM during April to June,2001.In the first month after the cage was set up,the parasitism rate within the cage was 87.34%.In the field the parasitism rate decreased with the increase of distance from the cage,the effective dispersion distance was no more than 20 m.However,the dispersion distance of wasps increased with the time.By the end of May 2001,two months after the trap cage was set up,Trichogramma wasps could arrive at the 30 m from the cage and the parasitism rate kept above 50% within 25 m around the cage.

Abstract:对离体筛选的水稻抗纹枯病突变体(突变型)和未经筛选的原品种(原始型)的愈伤组织经水稻纹枯病菌Rhizoctonia solani粗毒素处理后24 h内的苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、过氧化物酶(POD)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性以及木质素含量的变化进行了研究.结果表明:突变型的PAL、POD和PPO比活性以及木质素含量均明显高于原始型;8 h时,PAL、POD、PPO比活性和木质素含量(D280 nm)在突变型和原始型中分别为5.493 1,0.022 0、24.896 6、2.924 2 U.mg-1.m in-1和2.716 5、0.009 9、18.838 7、1.732 1;上述3种酶活性在突变型中出现波峰的时间一般在8 h,早于原始型的12 h或更迟.由此说明离体筛选的水稻抗纹枯病突变体的抗病机制与一般抗性品种类似.

Abstract:The content change of three endogenous hormones in bananas infected by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense was studied. The results showed that the contents of GA3, IAA and ABA in the infected banana tissues were higher than those in the corresponding non-infected banana tissues during the interactions of bananas with F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense. It was suggested that the accumulations of GA3 , IAA and ABA in banana plant occurred during the infection of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense, indicating these three endogenous hormones related to F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense pathogenesis.

Abstract:Differences between the pathogens brought wilt disease in wax gourd and chieh-qua were studied. The results showed that two pathogens were similar in shape, while different in ability of infection, speed of infection, the yield of toxin and scope of parasitism,thus indicated that the isolate of wax gourd wilt was not the same as that of chieh-qua wilt.

Abstract:Eighty-one samples were sampled in six species of fruit imported from five countries to determine and analys the pesticide residue by applying Multi-Residue Analysis Method in Guangdong ports. The result showed that twenty-five pesticides were detected and some pesticide residue had high missedstandard rate.

Abstract:The polymeric neem oil microcapsule by using toluene-2,4-diiso-cyanate(TDI),polyvinyl alcohol(PVA),glycerol as wall material was produced.The influence factor on the microcapsule reaction was investigated by using the orthogonal experimental design.The optimal conditions of preparing stable solid microcapsule were obtained.The result indicated that the excellent factors were w=15% of PVA,(w=20%) of TDI and w=65% of neem oil.The performance of neem oil microcapsule was analysed preliminarily.The covered effect was tested by assay.This microcapsule had high oil content of 73.29%.Compared with neem oil,the number of larvae and eggs of Phyllotreta striolata and the feeding area were decreased comparatively after treating with neem oil microcapsule.

Abstract:Using field investigation and quadrat method,a study was conducted on the vegetation and flora of the coalmine wasteland in Mingshan Mountain,Meizhou,Guangdong.There are 64 species of naturally colonized plants on the wasteland,which belong to 30 families and 59 genera.The main families are Gramineae(10 species),Compositae(7 species),Leguminosae(5 species).Among all the colonized plants,there are 29 annual and biennial herbs,13 perennial herbs,4 lianas and 18 woody plants.The vegetation on the coalmine wasteland was distributed on spot piece and scattered with simple structure and low species diversity.Wind-dispersal seeds and fruits are the main resource of propagules in the wasteland.Miscanthus floridulus,Crotalaria mucronata and Artemisia argyi could colonize successfully and were dominant species in the vegetation that could be used for vegetation restoration in the coalmine wasteland.There was a community succession tendency from grass to mixed grass-shrub and then to shrub community,and species richness and diversity index coincided with this succession.The aspect and slope of wasteland are important factors affecting plant colonization.

Abstract:The characteristics of Pinus kwangtungensis forest were investigated in Ruyang Forest District, Nanling. The results show that 227 species in 138 genera and 76 families of vascular plants were found in the 7 200 m^2 plot. The physiognomy of the community is dependent on meso-phanerophytes. It can be easily divided into arborous layer, shrub layer, herbaceous layer and interlayer plants. The ShannonWiener index of diversity, evenness index and ecological dominance of the community are 1.9,0.37, 0. 27, respectively. The index of arborous layer are higher than that of any other layers, which suggests that the species are abundant and distributed evenly in arborous layer. The conservation of Pinus kwang- tungensis in Ruyang Forest District owes to the particular terrain and relief, so in order to protect the rare and endangered plant Pinus kwangtungensis, the most important thing is to protect the habitat, taking necessary man-made measures if possible.

Abstract:Using the classic plot survey method(survey area is 7 200 m~2),niche breath and niche overlap values of ten dominant species were calculated,with layer as one-dimension resource state and abundance as index,in the Pinus kwangtungensis community in Nanling National Nature Reserve of Guangdong.The result shows that niche breadth is significantly different between situations when the utilization of resource is considered and not considered.The sequence of the dominant species is obviously different under the two situations.Considering the result of important values of the species,niche breadth is more reasonable under the situation when resource utilization is considered.The niche breadth of dominant species is generally large,and the majority of the main tree populations can be interdependent and mutual beneficial.Thus the whole community is in stable state.The niche overlaps between Pinus kwangtungensis and other dominant species are correspondingly low.The reason on the one hand is related to its biological and ecological characteristics on the other hand is related to its low niche breadth when the utilization of resource is not considered.

Abstract:This paper analyzed the floristic composition of Pinus kwangtungensis forest and its ecological characteristics by investigating the sample plots of 7 200 m^2 P. kwangtungensis forest in Nanling. The resuit shows that there are 76 families, 138 genera and 227 species of vascular plants in which the arbors are the main components and the dicotyledon takes up the majority. As far as the distribution of plant genera is concerned, the seed plants of P. kwangtungensis forest in Nanling can be divided into 12 distribution areal types and 7 subtypes, which are the world distribution, the tropical distribution, temperate region distribution and the temperate region dominated distribution. Among these three distribution areas, the tropical distribution is the biggest one and it also has temperate region features. P. kwangtungensis is dominant in the canopy layer, but the tree height is obviously lower than that of other trees in subcanopy layer. The clustering analysis result shows that the physiognomy and distribution in the stratified frequency of the coniferous tree species-P, kwangtungensis is obviously distinguished from the broadleaf tree species. But there are no significant distinction between the two broadleaf tree species, Cyclobalanopsis glauca and Lit, sea elongata. The height, the diameter at breast height, the bole height under the first branch and the tree number of stratified frequency index of the two species have no significant differences.

Abstract:通过线路调查法对广州帽峰山森林公园进行了植物调查，在采集、鉴定标本和查阅有关资料的基础上研究了该地区的植物区系组成及特点．据统计，帽峰山森林公园有维管植物610种（含种下等级），隶属146科398属．樟科、桑科、山茶科、壳斗科、紫金牛科、芸香科、金缕梅科、冬青科等是该区系的主要表征科，构成了其各森林类型的主要树种组成．该植物区系地理成分复杂多样，种子植物共有375属，划分为13个类型和12个变型，其中以热带一亚热带成分占明显的优势，占该地区种子植物属的80．21％，热带及温带区系成分均有相当的影响，各种区系成分互相渗透．通过对帽峰山森林公园植物区系的归属问题的讨论，认为帽峰山森林公园植物区系是中亚热带向南亚热带过渡的区系类型；是在华南台地上发育起来的，为华南植物区系组成部分，隶属于古热带植物区系．

Abstract:依据对东莞林科园20个土壤剖面的调查取样，用电位法、碱解扩散法、氟化氨一盐酸浸提法、乙酸铵浸提-原子吸收法、重铬酸钾氧化-远红外加热法分别测定了土壤pH、速效N、速效P、速效K和有机质．在分析土壤养分总体特征的基础上，运用系统聚类的方法将东莞林科园土壤划分为6种养分类型：类Ⅰ为低肥力土壤；类Ⅱ为中氮土壤；类Ⅲ为高氮低磷土壤；类Ⅳ为富有机质的缺氮缺磷土壤；类Ⅴ属富磷高氮土壤；类Ⅵ属富氮土壤．其中，前3类是林科园的主要土壤养分类型．所划分的养分类型能反映各网格单元的地形特征及土地利用方式．

Abstract:禽流感病毒（AIV）非结构蛋白NS1在病毒粒子中不存在，因此，可以通过检测NS1抗体来鉴别禽流感病毒感染鸡群和免疫鸡群．将ns1基因和T4噬菌体soc基因在大肠埃希氏菌中融合表达，融合蛋白可以作为鉴别禽流感免疫鸡群和感染鸡群的检测抗原．采用RT-PCR方法扩增禽流感病毒H9N2的ns1基因（654bp）；将该片段克隆至pSOC质粒soc基因3’端，成功构建了重组质粒pSOC-NS1，用该重组质粒转化EcoliB121（DE3）感受态细胞，以终浓度1mmol／mL的IPTG诱导表达．SDS-PAGE结果表明pSOC-NS1融合蛋白相对分子质量约39000．Western-blot证实，表达产物与AIV H9N2病毒感染的小鼠血清具有良好的反应性．

Abstract:The choleystokinin-33(cck-33) gene was synthesized based on the chicken(cck-33) sequence and E.coli codon bias.The cck-33 gene was inserted into plasmids pRSET A and its concatemer was constructed based on the fact that isocaudarner enzyme existed.The recombinant CCK protein was expressed in E.coli BL 21 and purified successfully.The purified protein was used as an antigen to prepare oil-emulsion vaccines and then to immunize Huxu chicken.The result indicated that the anti-serum P/N of chicken immunized with purified protein was higher than 2.

Abstract:Using the methods of parafine-mounted sectioning and staining by methyl green-pyronine and feulgen, the morphology and structure of midgut and silk-gland of silkworm, Bombyx mori, were observed by microscopy during metamorphosis. The experiment showed that there were a lot of amorphous cell-hke conglomeration inside the intestine. There were two ways which formed these conglomeration. First, old epithelium of midgut fell off into the intestine gradually while the regenerative cells on the base proliferated and formed into the new epidermic cell of papue. Second, parts of the old epidermis sank into the intestine and became the amorphous cell-like conglomeration, which was the main reason that the midgut shrunk increasingly. During the spinning, the material of silk decreased gradually and the bulk became lessening and thin. When the spin finished, silk gland changed remarkably, and the ectoblast of silkgland draped. There were increasing vesicles inside the cell of silk gland. Branch-liked nucleus changed into bunchs and then condensed into agglomerates. Finally, it degenerated and died out completely.

Abstract:Using the silkworm parent species as material,young silkworm rearing on artificial diet and their descendants were fed with the same diet.The growth and development of silkworms,mass fraction of the protein of the eggs,the activities of CAT and SOD of eggs,were measured,respectively.The results showed that:(1)932 and Furong were selected through three generations, and their setal dispersion rates increased from 14.6% and 9.4% to 52.4% and 53.8%,respectively,and the survival rates increased from 20.5%,19.2% to 38.2%,32.0%,respectively.But the selection effect of Xianghui and 7532 was not changed significantly;(2)Mass fraction of the egg protein of Xianghui and 7532 fed by diet was lower than those fed with mulberry leaves.While the mass fraction of egg protein of third generations of 932 and Furong were maintained 52.50-55.00 and 41.50-52.50 mg/g,respectively,which were consistent with those fed with mulberry leaves;(3)The activities of CAT and SOD of different eggs were related to the varieties and diets.The activities of CAT and SOD of eggs from four varieties fed by diet were higher than those fed with mulberry leaves.

Abstract:A multi-channel collect and process system based a single-chip microcomputer as AT 89C52 is designed to acquire ecological data of anti-heat layer on the roof, which can reprocess multi-signals. The processed data can be output by a liquid crystal display and a printer,and they can be also sent to PC for statistic and analysis by RS232 interface. Practical application has demonstrated that the system had played a role in the ecological environment research with a high efficiency and stability.

Abstract:IP multicast was used in Intranet Softswitch System in order to solve the problems such as network congestion and server overload. In this system, control streams and data streams are transmitted by protocol of TCP/UDP. Programming of Multicast is applied in net meeting module and based on Winsock1.1. The testing result showed that IP multicast technology reduced the requirement of bandwidth and lowered the server load effectively.

Abstract:A simulated annealing algorithm for the generalized semi-parametric maximum likelihood estimator is proposed along with techniques to reduce amount of computation. An example is used to demonstrate the usage of the new algorithm while applying to the multiple linear regression models.

Abstract:根据GenBank上发表的口蹄疫（foot-and-mouth disease，FMD）全基因序列数据，设计了多对引物，采用RT-PCR的方法，分别对R株编码区和非编码区基因进行扩增，将各片段克隆至pMD18-T载体，进行核苷酸序列测定．按顺序拼接各基因的序列，将结果序列与GenBank上各FMDV毒株的序列进行比较和同源性分析．序列的比较和分析表明，R株编码区全长为6966个核苷酸，共编码2322个氨基酸；非编码区5’端内部核糖体结合位点（intemal ribosome entry site，IRES）长约450个核苷酸，3’非翻译区（untranslatable region，UTR）从TAA始至Poly（A）前长度为94个核苷酸，所测出Poly（A）尾长度为18个核苷酸．与GenBank世界流行毒株的序列比较，编码区核苷酸序列同源性为88％～90％，推导氨基酸序列同源性为88％～95％．

Abstract:Phyllanthus L. is a large genera of Euphorbiaceae. P. rheedii Wight, the newly recorded species in China was reported. P. debilis Klein. ex Willd. , the newly naturalized species in Hongkong and P. tenellus Roxb,the newly naturalized species in Guangdong Province and Hainan Province were reported.

Abstract:Two species,Anodendron howii(Apocynaceae) and Phyllanthodendron dunnianum(Euphorbiaceae),are reported as new records from Vietnam.