Abstract:Thermophilic composting of litter was studied to evaluate the dynamic characteristics of organic matter transformation and provide parameters for product maturity with chemical analysis.The results indicated that organic matter,volatile solid,humus(HM),free humic acid and fulvic acid [w(FA)] decreased constantly,but humic acid increased during the composting.However The ratio of HM to organic matter decreased to minimum at 4th d,but increased thereafter and then the ratio stablized in 47.3%-47.6% at last.w(HA)/w(FA) was keeping quickly increase during the composting,it was from 0.43 at beginning to 1.02 at the end of composting,that indicated the progression of composting to humification and stability.On the contrary the E4/E6 increased in the initial stage but decreased thereafter.All results demonstrated that w(CHM)/w(TOC) was suitable to be used as the chemical index of litter compost maturity and stability,but the HM content,w(HA)/w(FA),and E4/E6 were unsuitable.

Abstract:A comparative investigation was made on soil chemical properties between a pure stand of Cinnamomum camphora and a pure stand of Pinus massoniana,which grew under geographically similar conditions and were exposed to acid deposition.The results showed that the average pH values in the upper,middle and lower soil layers in the pure stand of Cinnamomum camphora were 3.91,4.23 and 4.62,and base saturation(BS) values were 13.11%,45.06% and 55.14% respectively.The average pH values in the upper,middle and lower soil layers in pure stand of Pinus massoniana were 3.78,3.88 and 3.89,and BS values were 9.25%,11.68% and 20.96%,respectively.Contents of organic matter in the middle soil layer,total P in the middle and lower soil layers and exchangeable base cations(Ca2+ and Mg2+) in all soil layers in the pure stand of Cinnamomum camphora were significantly higher than those in the pure stand of Pinus massoniana(P<0.05).Contents of exchangeable Al3+ and H+ ions in the middle and lower soil layers and Fe3+ in the upper and middle soil layers in the pure stand of Cinnamomum camphora were clearly lower than those in the pure stand of Pinus massoniana(P<0.05).The results from this study indicated that the pure stand of Cinnamomum camphora could slow down soil acidification and improve soil fertility.

Abstract:The experiments was conducted to investigate the effect of citric acid on aluminum and silicon release from water-eluviated kaolinite with batch method. The results showed citric acids enhanced significantly both Al and Si release from kaolinite, and release of Al and Si from kaolinite increase with concentration of citric acids compared with deionised water. Dissolution stoichiometry of kaolinite was related to concentration of citric acids, dissolution stoichiometry of kaolinite increase with concentration of citric acids, and preferential Al-release was observed initially but after reaction anaphase, Al and Si showed stoichiometric release. The rate of kaolinite dissolution obtained in citric acid solution was almost 1 order of magnitude as large as that of inorganic acid, and the dissolution rate behave the character of saturation with the concentration of citric acids.

Abstract:Herbage mass is a function of sward height and density.A rise-plate meter was used as a nondestructive method to measure herbage mass in steppe by rotational grazing,continuous grazing or without grazing.The results showed that the rise-plate meter could be used to measure the herbage mass in natural steppe,because there were good regressive relation between the herbage mass and the compressed sward high(r2 is 0.63-0.90) under different utilization of the pasture.One centimeter of compressed sward height related about 69-252 kg/hm2 of herbage mass.

Abstract:A quantitative evaluation system of green construction outdoor afforestation was set up, which contained ecological function, landscape function, suitability, green land rate and cost. Then the weight coefficient without special requirement was gained. For the outdoor afforestation of Shanghai ecological demonstration office building, the evaluation was conducted. The result was described qualitatively and quantitatively, and some suggestions were given at last.

Abstract:In the case of being lack of ancient rice,the signs of ancient rice husks(SARH) are one of a experienced way for the differentiation of ancient rice,and can contribute a lot in understanding the characteristics and evolution state of ancient rice.According to the survey of 100 husks bi-peaked tubercles of M104 with SARH way,it is implied that the ancient rice in Shixia ruin is a mixed category and reflects the developing stage of ancient rice, and showed that ancient rice in Shixia ruin is unclearness and divideness between hsien and keng rice.It suggested that the ancient rice in Shixia ruin has played an important role in the origin and evolution of cultivated rice.

Abstract:在大田网室内评价了不同孢子含量的玫烟色拟青霉Paecilomyces fumosoroseus对烟粉虱种群的控制效果.结果表明,各处理区玫烟色拟青霉对烟粉虱当代的种群干扰作用控制指数(IIPC)分别为0.802 0、0.673 2、0.641 3、0.538 9和0.418 6,对烟粉虱下一代的IIPC分别为0.482 6、0.346 9、0.330 8、0.134 8和0.101 7.玫烟色拟青霉对烟粉虱种群的控制作用主要表现为累积效应,连续2代都使用玫烟色拟青霉对烟粉虱的种群控制效果比只在1代上使用的效果好;同一世代内连续2次使用1.0×106 mL-1的处理区对烟粉虱种群的控制效果更好.

Abstract:A ecological model O=m/lnV was develpoed to assess host adaptation for fecundity of Bemisia tabaci(Gennaidus),where m=parameters of average eggs within a time period,and V=variance of samples.The model was used to assess the fecundity of whitefly on 37 plant species.The results showed that the whitefly was able to lay eggs on most host plants,and the fecundity of adults was affected by host plants either.37 host plants were classified with clustering analysis into 3 groups: favorite hosts,adaptive hosts and non-adaptive hosts.The results from clustering analysis were not accordant with host-domain hypothesis,because the close relative plants were classified to different clusters.It was found that,in analysis of pair-samples mean comparing,the different bio-type of whitefly showed a significant difference in the host adaptation while the same bio-type whitefly population with different feeding experience showed the quite similar performance.

Abstract:The effect of cultivars of impatiens,release of Amblyseius cucumeris and additional pollen on feeding damage rate of Frankliniella occidentalis was studied by the experiment of randomized complete block design.The results showed that the cultivars of impatiens and release of A.cucumeris had a significant effect on feeding damage rate of F.occidentalis.The feeding damage rate was greater on the cultivar 'Impulse Orange' than on 'Cajun Carmine'.The feeding damage rate was greater on the cultivar'Impulse Orange'than on 'Cajun Carmine'.The feeding damage rate was lower when the predators were released than when they were absent,however,the difference between high ratio predator:prey and low ratio was not significant.Adding pollen to impatiens had no effect on feeding damage rate regardless of when it was added.

Abstract:Banana Fusarium wilt,a kind of soilborne vascular disease infected by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense(E.F.Sm.) Snyd.& Hans.is threatening the banana and Fenjiao production in Guangdong Province,China.Based on the pathogenicity test on 4-5-leaf tissue-cultured banana plantlets and colony morphology on modified Komada medium,the isolates from the regions of Panyu,Zhongshan,Zhaoqing,Zhuhai and Shunde were identified as F.oxysporum f.sp.cubense race 1 and race 4 respectively.It was proved that the pathogenicity test combined with colony morphology on modified Komada medium was a simple,fast and reliable method for identifying races of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense.

Abstract:Four different DNA extraction methods were used to obtain genomic DNA of Synchytrium sp.from the sori isolated from Pueraria lobata(Willd.) Ohwi,P.thomsonii Benth.,P.montana(Lour.) Merr..The modified method using benzyl chloride is the most efficient one to extract genomic DNA.rDNA-ITS can be successfully amplified directly from a single sporangium by PCR.The ITS sequence length of the isolates from P.lobata and P. thomsonii are 856 bp and 907 bp respectively shared 92% sequence similarity; the ITS sequences from P.montana are 1 148 bp,with 54% and 55% sequence similarity to the isolates from P.lobata and P.thomsonii respectively.The results indicated that the isolates from P.lobata and P.thomsonii are different varieties of the same species or two closely related species and the isolates from P.montana are another species of Synchytrium,or a more distantly related species.

Abstract:通过比较疫病抗性不同的2个辣椒Capsicum annuum L.品种的离体叶接种浓度、发病温光条件及叶位对抗性鉴定结果的影响,确定了辣椒疫病抗性离体叶鉴定技术,即在辣椒初花期至始果期以自生长点倒数的第4～6展开叶作为测定叶,用0.1 mL游动孢子2×104～3×104 mL-1接种,在25 ℃、光照(3 000 lx)12 h/d的发病条件下,可获得理想的抗性鉴定效果.利用该鉴定法对38份辣椒材料进行了抗性鉴定,并与喷雾法和灌根法的鉴定结果进行了比较,结果表明离体叶法能有效地区分出辣椒品种对疫病的抗性.根据抗级划分,离体叶法的鉴定结果与两者的吻合率分别为76.3%和68.4%.

Abstract:The morphology and distribution of sensilla on antenna, compound eye, mouthparts, legs and terminal abdomen of Quadrastichus erythrinae Kim adult were observed by means of environment scanning electron microscope. It was found that seven types of sensilla, trichodea sensilla, chaeticum sensilla, multiporous plate sensilla, swordlike sensiUa, auriform sensilla, mammilliformia sensilla and zonated sensilla were on the surface of antennae;two types of chaeticum sensilla and basiconca sensilla were on the surface of mouthparts; three types of trichodea sensilla, chaeticum sensilla and basiconca sensilla were on legs;four types of trichodea sensilla, chaeticum sensilla, basiconca sensilla and coeloconica sensilla were on the terminal abdomen. The difference of the sensilla types and distribution between sexes were described and discussed.

Abstract:生物活性测定结果表明:人工合成的11个多炔类化合物对菜粉蝶Pieris rapae成虫产卵具有忌避活性,化合物2(6,6-二甲基-2,4-庚二炔-1-醇)、化合物5[1-苯基-4-(3,4-亚甲基二氧)-苯基-1,3-丁二炔]、化合物6(1-苯基-4-m-硝基苯基-1,3-丁二炔)、化合物7(1-苯基-4-o-硝基苯基-1,3-丁二炔)和化合物9(1-苄基-2,4-己二炔)在1 mg·mL-1的质量浓度下,24 h忌避率均在70%以上;在2 mg·mL-1质量浓度下,测得化合物9在选择性和非选择性的试验条件下,拒食率均达50%以上;在0.5 mg·mL-1质量浓度处理时,测得化合物4(1-苯基-4-p-甲氧苯基-1,3-丁二炔)和化合物5,72 h内对卵孵化抑制率分别为42.73%和60.48%;在1 mg·mL-1质量浓度下,光照处理48 h毒杀3龄幼虫死亡率在50%以上的化合物有化合物5、6和10(O,O-二乙基-o-炔丙基硫代磷酸酯).盆栽试验表明,施用质量浓度为0.5 mg·mL-1的化合物5时,24～72 h的防效均在80%以上.通过对排泄物的高效液相色谱分析,测得菜粉蝶幼虫对化合物5的排泄率为52.05%.

Abstract:利用红色的乙酸靛酚酯在丁酰胆碱酯酶作用下被水解成蓝色的靛酚和乙酸,筛选获得乙酸靛酚酯-丁酰胆碱酯酶法的优化反应条件,从而建立乙酸靛酚酯-丁酰胆碱酯酶法农药残留快速检测反应体系,即在pH 8.0的磷酸缓冲液中,添加0.05 mL丁酰胆碱酯酶溶液,在41 ℃下保温6 min后,加入0.05 mL乙酸靛酚酯溶液,在波长630 nm下测定6 min前后的光密度.本方法方便快速,对甲胺磷、敌敌畏、克百威、灭多威等农药的检测结果显示,该方法对有机磷类和氨基甲酸酯类农药都比较敏感.

Abstract:Two canopy parameters,i.e.,leaf area index(LAI) and canopy openness,of an urban forest stand in Maofengshan,Guangzhou,were estimated using hemispherical photography in parallel with quadrat plant census.The forest community exhibited significantly high dominance in species composition, but the majority of stems fell into the small DBH class categories.LAI estimated from the 100 quadrats ranged from 1.10 to 5.08,with a mean value of 2.88 and coefficient of variation(CV) 23.97%,while canopy openness from 7.72% to 21.86%,with a mean value of 11.70% and CV 22.42%.The value of LAI showed quite uniformed distribution in the whole stands,with no significant difference existing between transects from west to east or from south to north;whereas significant difference in canopy openness was detected between transects from south to north(P=0.000 3).As a short-range remote sensing method,hemispherical photography is a rapid,easy-to-use and low-cost method for canopy analysis,and will find wide applications in forest studies,especially in forest ecological monitoring and assessment.

Abstract:Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of pepper 'B162'with coat protein gene of cucumber mosaic virus(CMV-CP) was studied.Results showed that the best transformation system was: cotyledons explants were precultured for 2 d,and then inoculated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens(D600 nm= 0.3) for 7 min,transferred onto selection differentiation medium after co-cultured for 2 d.10 green adventitious buds with Kan-resistance were screened by Polymerase chain reaction.Two of them were amplified with the band of the fragment of 740 bp.The result showed the CMV-CP gene had been incorporated into the plant genome successfully.

Abstract:在广东省南昆山观光木天然次生林中设置了5个1 600 m2的样地,调查了观光木种群所在群落的物种组成及观光木种群的龄级结构和空间分布格局.结果表明:观光木种群所在群落具有较高的物种多样性,以樟科、山茶科、壳斗科植物为优势科;观光木种群以Ⅱ级幼苗为主,缺乏Ⅲ级苗,中龄树及成年母株少,是一个衰退种群;其分布格局呈随机分布或弱聚集分布.由于人为干扰活动较频繁,观光木自然种群处于濒危状态.建议采取积极的保育措施,加强对南昆山观光木资源及其生境的保护.

Abstract:在广东石坑崆对植物生活型谱的垂直分布进行了研究.从海拔300～1 900 m,每升高100 m设置一条水平样带,共调查了17条样带,样地面积20 400 m2.运用相关分析和除趋势对应分析(DCA)研究森林植物生活型谱的垂直变化模式.结果表明:(1)乔木、灌木、藤本植物、常绿植物、高位芽植物以及地面芽植物皆表现出随海拔的增加物种数逐渐减少的趋势(P＜0.05);(2)高位芽植物在各样带均占绝对优势(75%以上).海拔300～1 700 m,中高位芽植物稍优于小高位芽植物、矮高位芽植物和藤本高位芽植物;(3)除趋势对应分析显示地上芽植物和藤本高位芽植物沿海拔梯度分布的差异较大.研究植物生活型谱海拔梯度格局有助于揭示森林群落的环境梯度变化规律,为保护垂直带上森林生态系统的整体性提供科学依据.

Abstract:There are three natural hybrid species, Cymbidium x purpuratum, C. x latifolium and C. x uniflorum, which are hybridized by C. qiubeiense with C. kanran, or C. lancifolium or C. serratum respectively, were described and illustrated. C. qiubeiense was found growing together with C. kanran, or C. lancifolium, and or C. serratum in the natural habitat. C. x purpuratum leaf quantity of plants, leaf shape, and sepals are similar to C. kanran ; the bracts, petals and lips are similar to C. qiubeiense. The leaves and peduncle of C. x latifolium are similar to C. lancifolium, and its flowers are similar to C. qiubeiense. The leaf shape and peduncle of C. x uniflorum are similar to C. qiubeiense, its flowers shape and leaves non-articulate are similar to C. serratum. A key to C. qiubeiense, C. kanran, C. lancifolium, C. serratum and their natural hybrid species were provided.

Abstract:A new orchid hybrid, Cymbidium x nujiangense X. P. Zhou, S. P. Lei et Z. J. Liu is described and illustrated.

Abstract:Chamaegastrodia,a newly recorded genus of Orchidaceae in Hainan Province represented by Chamaegastrodia poilanei(Gagnep.) Seidenf.et.A.N.Rao is reported.Brief morphological descriptions,photos and distribution map of the species are provided.

Abstract:军曹鱼Rachycentron canadum稚鱼[体质量(25.6±4.9)g]从盐度37‰的自然海水中直接转移至盐度为0、5‰、15‰、25‰、37‰(对照)和45‰的水体中进行盐度急性胁迫试验,转移前及转移后0.5、1、2、3、6和12 h分别检测血清中皮质醇、血糖、乳酸和天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)等应激指标变化.结果显示,试验期间对照组各指标在基础值附近变幅平稳;盐度0组在6～12 h内出现100%死亡,且死亡前稚鱼皮质醇(256.7 ng·mL-1)和血糖(11.95 mmol·L-1)都显示显著高水平(P＜0.05),而乳酸和AST水平则较低;其他4个胁迫组在最初3 h内皮质醇、血糖和乳酸水平都出现不同程度升高,其中盐度25‰组变幅显著高于其他组,除盐度5‰组皮质醇和乳酸水平在后期有升高趋势外,各组3 h后都逐渐回落至基础值或对照组附近.血清AST水平前期变化较复杂,试验后期盐度5‰和25‰组水平显著高于其他3组.除在淡水中导致稚鱼死亡外,以皮质醇水平为主要应激指标,综合分析显示,稚鱼对盐度胁迫反应初期强弱依次为盐度25‰、5‰、15‰和45‰,而后期在盐度5‰下的应激强度又逐渐增强.

Abstract:利用商品供应的山羊抗鸡抗体ELISA检测鹅血液中抗体水平的可行性.在相同条件下,以羊抗鸡抗体作为第2抗体,在ELISA分析中检测利用同一抗原免疫后鸡和鹅血浆样品中抗体水平.经过相同倍数梯度稀释的鸡和鹅血浆样品中,所测到的鹅血样的D450 nm值曲线在处理组和对照组均与鸡的D450 nm值曲线变化趋势相同,只是随血样的稀释倍数上升,鹅血样D450 nm值的下降速度较慢.结果表明只要反应条件适当,抗鸡抗体可以作为第2抗体用于ELISA检测鹅血液中的抗体.通过抗原/血浆浓度梯度交叉试验,ELISA中抗原的最适包被质量浓度为100 μg/mL(150 μL/孔),血样最佳稀释比为1:12 800.ELISA测定所得鹅免疫试验中的抗体变化与理论预计结果一致,与在鸡上的变化也类似.

Abstract:One pair of primers was designed and synthesized based on the nucleotide sequence(M64927)of chicken infectious laryngotracheitis virus(ILTV) gB gene pulished in the GenBank.gB gene of ILTV Henan isolate(ILTV-CG) was amplified by PCR.The purified PCR product was inserted into pGEM-T Easy vector,and then transformed competent cell JM109.By idenfication of blue-white colony screening,plasmid PCR and enzyme digestion,positive clones were sequenced.The sequencing results indicated that gB gene nucleotide sequence of ILTV-CG strain was 2 629 bp in length,which included one openreading frame(2 622 bp,encoding 873 amino acid residues,with eight potential N-glycosalation sites and twelve cysteines in deduced amino acid sequence.Comparison of the gB gene nucleotide sequence with that of the ILTV 632 strain,SA2 strain,Throne strain,Yantai strain and Liaoning strain published previously in GenBank,revealed similarity of more than 99%.When compared with ILTV-SA2 strain,ILTV-CG strain had one base deletion of G at 89 nt and one base insertion of A at 102 nt within gB gene,resulting five amino acid frame shift mutation.This study provided foundation for the development of recombinant vaccine against ILTV.

Abstract:为评估有机胂添加剂对水环境的影响,以蛋白核小球藻、大型蚤为研究对象,研究了洛克沙胂、阿散酸对蛋白核小球藻和大型蚤的急性毒性.结果表明:洛克沙胂、阿散酸对蛋白核小球藻的24、48、72、96 h的半数有效抑制浓度(EC50)分别为:190.55、263.03、346.74、389.05 mg·L-1;239.88、308.18、418.12、410.40 mg·L-1(以原型药物计);均大于100 mg·L-1,在水环境中为低毒级化合物(急性Ⅲ化学物质以下).对大型蚤24 h-EC50分别是49.77、83.70 mg·L-1;48 h-EC50分别是39.00、57.48 mg·L-1,48 h-LC50分别是44.19、61.97 mg·L-1(均以原型药物计);依据蚤类急性活动抑制毒性分级标准,它们属于中毒级化合物.

Abstract:According to the nucleotide sequence of the S1 gene of MDRV registered in GenBank, a set of primers C1 ,HPll and HP12 were designed to amplify a specific 300 bp fragment by semi-nested RTPCR. The specific product could only be amplified from MDRV, but not from ARV,GPV,MPV,CEF and MDEF cell cultures by this method. The detectable dsRNA amount by this method was 1 fg and which had high specificity and repeatability. Pathological tissues of artificial infection and suspicious clinical samples were diagnosed by virus isolation and semi-nested RT-PCR. The coincidence rate of the two methods was 100%. So this semi-nested RT-PCR could be used for rapid detection of the muscovy duck reovirus disease.

Abstract:A testbed with a set of software for automatic transmission(AT) testing was developed,which was fitted with an eddy current dynamometer for loading and simulating the running conditions on road.Supported by this software,AT testing can be automatically performed and its performance can be decided.Experimental results showed that the parameters obtained could meet the requirement of testing.

Abstract:Trust management is the core problem in distributed systems, including authorization delegating, subject trust evaluating and so on. Research on trust management model may be credential-based or evidence-based. A comprehensive trust management model into which credential-based and evidencebased components were integrated was proposed in this paper to improve efficiency and adaptability.

Abstract:This paper mainly deals with the method of modifying natural bentonite by baking or ultrasonic wave.Adsorption of the modified bentonite for aniline was investigated.In the study,the effects of baking temperature,ultrasonic power,pH and temperature on the adsorption efficiency were discussed.The results showed that the adsorption rate of modified bentonite by baking and ultrasonic wave was 40.61% and 38.74%,respectively,better than that of raw bentonite(30.49%).

Abstract:疑似猪流感(SIV)病猪的鼻拭子尿囊腔接种10日龄SPF鸡胚,72 h后致死鸡胚.取尿囊液进行血凝试验,分离物能使多种禽类和哺乳动物红细胞发生凝集;取尿囊液接种鸭胚、鹅胚,48 h后即致死鸭胚、鹅胚;取尿囊液接种鸡、鸭、鹅胚等成纤维原代细胞和Vero、PK、BHK、MA-104等传代细胞,发现病毒能使成纤维细胞、Vero出现变圆、皱缩、脱落等病变;尽管PK、BHK21、MA-104等细胞接种后不出现病变,但培养上清能凝集鸡红细胞;亚型鉴定该株病毒属猪流感病毒H1N1.进行病毒对BALB/C小鼠、信鸽、8周龄仔猪的回归试验,发现该株流感病毒能使信鸽和8周龄仔猪发病;BALB/C小鼠接种病毒后临床上不表现症状,但体内产生针对该病毒的抗体.

Abstract:The objective of the present study was to examine the influence of different species of Momordica charantia which are planted in southern China on hyperglycemia in mice induced by applying alloxan monohydrate. The results indicated that different species of M.charantia had distinct effects on the blood sugar of hyperglycemia model mice.The concentration of blood sugar in mice treated with 051-1 was reduced by 50.12%(P<0.01)when compared with that before the treatment,and was decreased by 34.71%(P<0.01)when compared with the model group.The average amount of water-taking was lowered by 63.59%(P<0.05);The blood sugar of 051-15 was lowered by 40.81%(P<0.01)when compared with that before the treatment,and was decreased by 22.47%(P<0.01)in comparison with the model group(P<0.01).The average amount of water-taking was reduced by 57.92%(P<0.05).051-1 and 051-15 type M.charantia had the best effects on decreasing blood sugar,and can relatively decrease the average amount of water-taking of hyperglycemia model mice.