Abstract:选用分布于水稻12条染色体上74个多态性SSR标记,对E47-1/广陆矮4号的F2分离群体进行偏态分离分析. 结果表明,9个SSR标记的分离显著或极显著地偏离了预期的孟德尔比例(1∶2∶1).其中,7个SSR标记基因型偏向于籼型,2个标记偏向杂合型,没有发现偏向粳型的标记. 通过对第6和第12染色体上4个SSR标记基因型与F2植株花粉育性的初步分析,表明位于第12染色体上SSR标记RM19～RM453区域附近存在1个F1花粉不育基因,定名为S-e.这一结果为分子定位该基因奠定了基础.

Abstract:Ten main quantitative characteristics of 3 candidate varieties and their similar ones were statistically analysed in 2 continuous years. If the quantitative characteristic of the candidate variety and its similar one is too close, there may actually be no distinctness on the quantitative characteristic, while the classifications of the characteristic of the two varieties are different in DUS test guideline. However, if the difference of the average value of the quantitative characteristic between the candidate variety and its similar one is comparatively big, there may be significant distinctness on the quantitative characteristic, while the classifications of the quantitative characteristics of the two varieties are the same in DUS test guideline. Besides the criteria of DUS test guideline, statistical analysis should be an important method to assess the distinctness of the quantitative characteristics of new rice varieties.

Abstract:采用显微测微法对3种不同基因型的7个玉米骨干系及由它们配制的4个杂交组合F1的果皮厚度变化规律进行了研究.结果表明:玉米籽粒发育过程中,果皮厚度呈曲线状态变化.即授粉后随着籽粒发育果皮逐渐变厚,到乳熟后期(超甜玉米)或蜡熟期(普甜玉米、普通玉米)达最大值,然后随着籽粒脱水,果皮细胞排列紧密而变薄;在广州地区春、秋正造种植时,环境不会从根本上改变果皮厚度这一性状;同一基因型内不同核背景材料间籽粒平均果皮厚度也有显著、极显著差异;杂交组合F1代种子果皮厚度似乎有母体效应.

Abstract:以"储良"龙眼 Dimocarpus longana Lour. cv. Chuliang为试材,研究了果实成熟期间内外性状品质指标的变化规律.结果表明:随着果实成熟度的增加,质量(m)、大小和可食率呈逐渐增加趋势;营养品质可溶性固形物(TSS)、蔗糖、全糖和Vc含量随果实成熟表现出上升趋势,过熟后稍下降;还原糖含量和可滴定酸(TA)含量变化不大;相对指标果形指数、m皮/m果、m核/m果表现为下降趋势,而m皮/m核表现为上升趋势;内果皮褐变指数在果实完熟以后明显上升.比熟度、TSS含量与果实的质量、大小、品质指标表现出了显著或极显著的相关性,以比熟度结合果实外观变化特征可以较为准确地判断果实的成熟度.

Abstract:灌溉和施肥是香蕉生产过程中2个最重要的环节,通过对栽培于渗滤池中的香蕉在不同生长时期的生长势、香蕉收获时的鲜果质量以及香蕉植株体各部位干物质量、含氮量等参数的测定,研究了滴灌施氮肥与常规施氮肥对香蕉生长的影响,为滴灌施肥技术在香蕉生产中的应用提供理论指导. 结果表明:滴灌施肥处理在节省30%氮肥施用量的同时,香蕉的鲜果质量及香蕉植株的总干物质量均显著高于浇灌施肥处理,其中,产量增幅达8%,干物质量增幅达9.5%.

Abstract:从烟草中克隆得到1个经修饰的几丁质酶基因chi,将它与1个已经克隆的核糖体失活蛋白基因Cassin以及1个抗病毒的融合基因FBC(CMV香蕉株系的CP基因和BBTV的Rep基因)共同构建在1个表达载体上,得到多基因植物表达载体pYLTAC747NH-c-C-FBC.

Abstract:It is one of the important control strategies of rice orange leaf disease by development of a rapid disease detection technique. Conserved general primer pairs sP1 and sP2 for phytoplasma were synthesized, and the 558 bp segment of the phytop!asma 16S rRNA gene was specifically amplified by PCR. The sequencing results of the segment showed that the nucleotide acid sequence of this PCR product shared above 95% identical with the corresponding segment of other kinds of phytoplasma in Genbank, which testified that the PCR product was from the pathogen of rice orange leaf disease. The PCR detection system was established by optimizing the parameters of PCR reaction system and found that this system could effectively, sensitively, and accurately detected the disease. The several samples from the different locations of Xinyi, Gaozhou and Conghua in Guangdong Province were detected by the PCR system, and the results revealed rice leaf disease existed in these locations.

Abstract:调查研究了香蕉园香蕉弄蝶 Erionota torus Evans越冬滞育幼虫空间格局特征. 结果表明,香蕉弄蝶越冬滞育幼虫在香蕉园呈聚集分布,其Iwao m*-m 回归模型、Taylor幂模型分别为 m*=1.788m 1.038、lg s2=0.459 1.219lgm. 对以上模型参数的分析结果表明,该滞育幼虫之间相互吸引,分布的基本成分是个体群,个体群在蕉园中为聚集分布,且在一切密度下都是聚集的,聚集强度随着密度的升高而增大;导致滞育幼虫在香蕉园呈聚集分布的原因是由于环境因素引起的;建立了最适理论抽样数公式为N=22.56×(2.038/m 0.788),并给出了不同密度、不同准确度要求下的最适抽样株数.

Abstract:利用氨基酸自动分析仪对滞育和滞育后越北腹露蝗卵血淋巴中的游离氨基酸进行分析.结果表明,共发现31种游离氨基酸.滞育解除后游离氨基酸总含量增加,但精氨酸、鸟氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸、胱硫醚和瓜氨酸的含量却显著下降,比滞育期分别减少88.99%、76.15%、78.15%、100.00%和100.00%. 游离氨基酸总含量的增加可能是用于合成胚胎发育所需的蛋白质;而精氨酸,鸟氨酸,γ-氨基丁酸,胱硫醚,瓜氨酸含量的下降意味着滞育即将解除.滞育期间,精氨酸、鸟氨酸、丝氨酸、脯氨酸、赖氨酸、丙氨酸、缬氨酸保持着较高的含量,说明这些氨基酸可能是重要的耐寒物质.与多数滞育昆虫不同的是,精氨酸在滞育期含量最高,脯氨酸在滞育后的胚胎发育期含量最高,表明具有专性滞育特性的越北腹露蝗有着自己独特的氨基酸代谢机制.

Abstract:运用经典的杂交法,采用剂量对数-死亡概率值回归分析法,利用室内选育的抗性倍数为65.96的桔小实蝇抗敌百虫品系和敏感品系,研究桔小实蝇对敌百虫的抗性形式遗传.结果表明,杂交F1代的显性度均在0～1的范围内,说明桔小实蝇对敌百虫的抗性由不完全显性基因控制;遗传因子数测定以及进一步的卡方检验可知∑x2F2和∑x2BG3值分别为20.964和19.684,均大于X2 0.05,9(16 919),表明桔小实蝇对敌百虫的抗性属多基因控制;杂交后代其雌雄性比近似保持在1∶1,说明桔小实蝇对敌百虫的抗性属常染色体控制.

Abstract:通过钯催化偶联-消去反应合成了芳基端炔,随后通过Glaser反应合成了7个对称性芳基丁二炔,并就各化合物的杀虫活性进行了研究. 结果表明,各化合物对白纹伊蚊表现出光活化杀虫活性. 1,4-二噻吩-2-基丁二炔的活性最高,供试最低质量浓度下(1 μg/mL)死亡率为100%. 而6个取代苯基丁二炔在100 μg/mL下表现出一定的活性,但在1和10 μg/mL下几乎无活性. 化合物的芳基中,噻吩环比苯环具有更高的活性,而随着苯环上取代基的延长,活性有下降的趋势.

Abstract:Based on the grid systemic sampling method and the biomass models, the distribution patterns of broadleaved forest biomass in Guangdong were studied. The results showed that the average biomass of Guangdong broadleaved forest is relatively low, only 76. 82 t/hm^2 ; Biomass was unevenly distributed on different economic regions and different drainage area. The biomass showed similar trend with latitudinal and altitudinal change, and human activity had more effect on the distribution of biomass than climate. The age structure, hierarchy and crown density show close relationship with biomass.

Abstract:Contents of chlorophyll, N, P, K, Ca and Mg in leaves of young Acacia auriculiformis, Michelia macdurei and Rhodoleia championii stands were studied. Chlorophyll was extracted from the discs for 72 h in the dark using N, N-dimethylformamide. Absorbances at 647 and 664 nm were determined with a Shimadzu UV-/vis spectrophotometer. Concentrations of N, P, K, Ca and Mg were determined by micro-Kjeldahl technique, chloro molybdophosphonic blue colour, and atomic absorption methods, respectively. The results showed that there were significant correlations between chlorophyll content in leaf and its corresponding reading measured by SPAD-502 for the three tree species, and the chlorophyll content increased with increasing stand density. Nutrient contents in high-density stands was the highest for Acacia auriculiformis stands, whereas they were the highest in middle-density stands and the lowest in high-density stands for Michelia macclurei stands. The N and Mg contents were high and P content was low in Acacia auriculiformis leaves, K and Ca contents were high and Mg content was low in Michelia macclurei leaves, whereas P content was high and N and K contents were low in Rhodoleia championii leaves.

Abstract:以广东省南昆山自然保护区观光木所在的群落为研究对象,应用聚类分析和种间联结性分析法研究了4 800m2总样方面积中的32个群落优势种群的生态种组及种群间联结性特点. 聚类分析结果显示,32个种可划分为4个生态种组:1)轮叶木姜 Litsea verticillata和唐竹Sinobambusa tootsik ;2)狗牙锥 Castanopsis lamontii;3)罗浮锥 Castanopsis fabri、鸭公树Neolitsea chuii、腺叶桂樱Laurocerasus phaeosticta、石笔木Tutcheria championi和毛桂Cinnamomum appelianum;4)罗浮柿Diospyros morrisiana、越南山矾Symplocos cochinchinensis、狗骨柴Tricalysia dubia和观光木Tsoongiodendron odorum 等24个种. 方差比率法表明32个物种间具有总体上的正联结性. 根据X2检验、联结系数(AC)、种对共同出现百分率(PC)和点相关系数(Ф)检测结果,在496个种对中,绝大多数种对表现为弱联结性或无联结性,表明该群落优势种群间的空间分布具有明显的独立性.

Abstract:A study on recovery of Castanopsis eyrei community in Chebaling National Reserve based on data from 4 surveys on the permanent sampling plot was carried out from 1983 to 2003, and results were as follows. The species Castanopsis eyrei could contribute as high as 70% to community volume that could reach as high as 516 m^3/hm^2. In comparison, young trees of the species C. carlesii required the least radiation but mortality was the highest when they grew up, otherwise young trees of the species C. eyrei showed opposite state, and young trees of the species Schima superba hold the medium position between the two values of the two species. The trees blow 2 m grew the fastest and that above 10 m grew slower or mortality became higher rapidly. Percent of higher trees and utilization to higher room in the community ascended in the process of recovery. The 3 indexes density, richness and evenness indicated compatatively close affinities. The diversity index shows a descending tendency with comparatively robust fluctuation.

Abstract:Based on the landscape ecological theory and the patch type classification of the landscape of Yuexiu Park, this study selected several landscape pattern indexes such as patch area ratio, patch shape, fractal dimension, diversity, dominance, evenness, fragmentation, contagion and so on, and analyzed the landscape pattern of Yuexiu Park. The resuh shows that the landscape pattern is generally rational, the landscape structure is generally stable, but it also needs to improve the pattern of some areas. It also gives suggestions on landscape elements optimization, ecological protection and environmental construction of Yuexiu Park.

Abstract:使用路线踏查法和样方取样法,调查了位于珠海市东南部的担杆岛自然保护区的植物资源种类. 区内共有野生种子植物124科400属643种,种子植物区系以热带亚热带成分占优势,反映其植物区系具有明显的热带亚热带过渡性质. 与内伶仃岛、蒲苔群岛、滩浒岛的植物区系相比,担杆岛植物科、属和种的资源方面均较为丰富. 岛上猕猴采食的野生植物有172种,按采食部位可将其分为5类,其中以叶食性类型种类最多,其次为食果类型. 猕猴主要取食植物的结实期集中在6-12月. 在各植被类型中,次生林中的食物种类最为丰富,次生林是猕猴种群的重要栖息地. 建议在植被退化严重的局部地段,应用可供猕猴食用的乡土植物进行植被恢复,改善猕猴生存的自然环境.

Abstract:Viola suavis M. Bieb. (Violaceae), 在我国仅记录于未出版的资料《新疆植物名录》中,并未对其进行任何说明.在查阅了存放于中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所标本馆(XJBI)的标本和文献资料后,确认了该种在我国有分布,且对其在我国的分布情况和形态特征进行了报道,并给予绘图.

Abstract:To study the characteristics of rabies virus as vector, hemagglutinin gene of avian influenza virus was inserted at the site of pseudogene between G and L genes and a chimeric virus, designated as HepFHA, was generated by the technique of reverse genetics. The virus HepFHA grew well in BHK-21 cells after passage for 10 times, but did not show hemagglutination. The foreign protein was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western-blotting, and the results indicated that the partial protein of hemagglutinin was expressed with relative molecular mass of 39 540, identical to that of HA1.

Abstract:根据GenBank中注册的O型口蹄疫病毒(FMDV) VP1和3ABC 基因序列,设计了2对引物. 采用RT-PCR方法从FMDV分离株O/HK/2001扩增得到 VP1和3ABC 基因. 经对它们的核苷酸序列测序和同源性比较,显示与14株O型FMDV参考毒株中的O/HKN/2002同源性最高(分别为98.3%和98.6%),并且在 VP1决定各种亚型FMDV免疫原性的主要抗原决定族的144、148、154和208位

Abstract:通过RT-PCR方法从用植物血凝素(PHA)活化60日龄海兰鸡的脾脏淋巴细胞中扩增出海兰鸡白细胞介素18(IL-18)成熟蛋白基因的cDNA,并将其克隆到pGEM-T Easy Vector载体上, DNA序列测定表明, 克隆得到的海兰鸡ChIL-18 cDNA基因全序列包括终止密码子在内其编码区大小为510 bp,编码169个氨基酸多肽. 将该基因片段克隆到原核表达载体pQE30构建重组质粒pQE30-ChIL-18,转化大肠杆菌M15,并用IPTG 诱导. 重组菌菌体裂解物SDS-PAGE可检测到相对分子质量为19 000的重组蛋白.

Abstract:选择健康的翘嘴鲌为试验鱼,以褐鱼粉为蛋白源, 配制5个蛋白水平的等能、等必需氨基酸平衡关联度(EAA)的半精制饲料;又以豆粕替代鱼粉、大豆蛋白替代鱼粉蛋白,配制5个关联度的等蛋白、等能的半精制饲料,探讨饲料蛋白水平和大豆蛋白替代鱼粉蛋白对翘嘴鲌氮排泄的影响. 结果表明,饲料蛋白水平对翘嘴鲌氮排泄具有显著性影响(P《0.05),翘嘴鲌每日氨氮和尿素氮平均排泄率和排泄峰值随饲料蛋白含量的增加而增加. 每日氨氮排泄率和饲料蛋白水平呈正相关. 当大豆蛋白替代鱼粉蛋白超过40.5%时,氨氮排泄量显著增加(P《0.05),内源氮不受饲料蛋白水平和大豆蛋白替代的影响(P》0.05).

Abstract:用溶藻弧菌1.1587制备全细胞、全细胞 弗氏完全佐剂(FCA)、脂多糖(LPS)3种疫苗,疫苗经腹腔对黑鲷进行免疫注射,分别在第7、14、28、56 d采鱼血,检测抗体效价、白细胞吞噬活力、溶菌酶活力、SOD活力和抗菌活力;第28 d用5.5×108 cfu/mL的溶藻弧菌悬液进行攻毒试验来比较疫苗的免疫效果. 结果表明:抗体凝集效价在28 d达到最高值,免疫组2显著高于免疫组1和免疫组3(P《0.05);白细胞吞噬百分数和吞噬指数28 d达到最高值,3个免疫组都显著高于对照组(P《0.05);免疫组1和免疫组2溶菌酶活力在28 d达到最高值,显著高于对照组(P《0.05);SOD活力在28 d达到最高值,免疫组1和免疫组2显著高于对照组(P《0.05). 3种疫苗对黑鲷攻毒后20 d的免疫保护率分别为71.4%、85.7%、71.4%. 全细胞-FCA疫苗对黑鲷的免疫效果最好.

Abstract:根据果树仿形喷雾作业的特点和要求,设计开发了一套基于DSP的果树形态结构参数检测系统. 该系统能够实时采集果树视频图像,并进行快速图像处理和果树部分形态结构参数的计算. 文章主要介绍检测系统的硬件结构、各部分功能和工作原理,并给出了一个简单的图像处理算例. 最终的试验与检测结果表明,该系统对果树最大冠幅和树高的检测相对误差分别在-2.51%～0和-3.0%～1.7%范围内.

Abstract:依据《旧机动车鉴定评估师国家职业标准》建立了二手车鉴定评估师操作技能评价指标体系,并采取专家咨询的方法对评价指标体系进行了论证.本体系采用层次分析法确定了评价指标的权重,建立了基于模糊综合评价原理的二手车鉴定评估师操作技能评价模型,并通过实例证明了评价系统的可靠性和科学性.

Abstract:在定义了害虫种群动态的ARIMA模型后,应用扩展样本自相关函数法(ESACF)和最小信息准则法(MINIC)对ARIMA模型定阶,并按照模型识别、参数估计与检验和模型诊断3个步骤,分别建立了菜心 Brassica parachinensis 和芥兰 Brassica albograbra 上小菜蛾 Plutella xylostella 幼虫种群动态的ARIMA(2,1,3)模型和ARIMA(0,1,5)模型,其预测值误差均方分别为0.213和0.188,拟合后的残差序列为白噪声序列.结果表明在应用ARIMA模型研究害虫种群动态时,采用扩展样本自相关函数法和最小信息准则法定阶能快速寻找到最优的预测模型.

Abstract:用顶空固相微萃取和气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析法对2个蝴蝶兰品种花瓣进行挥发性成分和含量的测定. 结果显示:2个蝴蝶兰品种挥发性成分的组成和含量都有着显著差异,其中具有香气的品种'翠友美人'挥发性成分主要为 L-沉香醇(5.237 μg·g-1·h-1)和3,7-二甲基-1,3,7-辛三烯(3.238 μg·g-1·h-1),而无香气的品种'小男孩'挥发性成分则为3,7-二甲基 1,3,7 辛三烯(10.375 μg·g-1·h-1)、橙花醇(5.283 μg·g-1·h-1)、乙酸橙花醇酯(3.344 μg·g-1·h-1). 使蝴蝶兰产生香气的主要成分可能是 L-沉香醇.

Abstract:根据番茄 Cf-9与 Cf-9B抗病蛋白富亮氨酸重复区域(LRR)对应的核苷酸序列设计引物,用PCR方法从马铃薯基因组扩增出2个同源片段;用 Cf-9序列在SGN网站中对马铃薯EST组装序列搜索获得第3个同源序列. 分析表明马铃薯的3个序列与番茄的序列高度保守,在核苷酸水平上相似度大于85%,在氨基酸水平上相似度大于75%,但依来源不同而明显分为2组,说明已发生了较大程度的分化.

Abstract:采用高含硼量、高溶解度的木材防护剂SBB与(NH4)2HPO4按不同配比进行木材阻燃处理试验,结果表明:单一药剂处理时,(NH4)2HPO4阻燃效果略优于SBB;(NH4)2HPO4和SBB同时作用,形成具协同效应的阻燃体系,提高了阻燃效果;m[(NH4)2HPO4]∶m(SBB)=1∶3且混合物的质量分数为10%的处理为最优方案.

Abstract:从1株木榄内生真菌(Gloesporium sp.)中分离得到4个化合物,利用波谱技术确定其结构分别为环(甘-苯丙)二肽(1)、环(苯丙-酪)二肽(2)、3-(2-甲基丙基)-2,5-哌嗪二酮 (3)、苯丙酸(4),其中化合物3、4为首次从海洋真菌中分离得到.