Abstract:The rice blast resistance (R) could be evaluated entirely by investigating the resistance spectrum at seedling stage and neck blast resistance at adult stage. In this study, three space-induced rice mutant lines, which had been screened primarily, were performed with resistance spectra with 36 blast isolates from Guangdong Province and neck blast resistance in a natural blast nursery, Lütian, Conghua. The results indicated that the mutant lines conferred broad resistance spectra and high level of resistance to neck blast, while the on-ground control was highly susceptible. Genetic analysis showed that a single major dominant R gene conditioned H4’s and H11’s resistance to isolates GD0193 and GD866, and there were two independent dominant R genes in H4 and H11 corresponding to isoaltes GD08T4 and GD08T13, respectively. The inherited pattern of resistance in D69 to isolates GD0193 was complicated, while a single dominant major R gene controlled its resistance to isolate GD08T4 and GD866.

Abstract:Coefficient of parentage among crop cultivars is one of major methods for evaluating genetic relationship and genetic diversity among crop cultivars. Coefficient of parentage was analyzed among the inbred indica rice cultivars which were released in different eras in South China. The result showed that the genetic diversity among the cultivars released in the past 50 years changed as a “W” shape. Three summits happened in pre-1957, 1970-1979, and 2000-2008, and two lowest happened in 1957-1969 and 1980-1989. The result of cultivars clustering analysis based on coefficient of parentage indicated the genetic relationships among the inbred indica rice cultivars and the characteristics of the cultivars evolution in South China. It was coincident with the characteristic of the cultivars improvement based on a few core parents in different eras. These indicated that the genetic diversity in the inbred indica rice cultivars changed as coefficient of parentage among inbred indica cultivars in South China and the genetic diversity had not increased or fall continuously in the past 50 years, but fluctuated in a limited range.

Abstract:XianS is a thermo-sensitive genic male sterile line of non-pollen type in rice and a mutant from a traditional variety Xianhuangzhan. The effects of genetic backgrounds on sterility expression of filial generations of XianS were studied by cross of XianS with several parental lines. The results were as follows:during the sterile period of XianS, the rate of sterile plants to fertile plants followed 1∶3 in generation F₂ and BC₁F₂ of 8 combinations. The sterility of XianS was controlled by one pair of major genes and the type of pollen abortion could be inherited. However, the time of appearance of non-pollen abortion could be affected by genetic backgrounds. Analysis of variance showed that the variance of days of sterile period and fertile period for sterile plants from F₂ of different combinations was significant,and the variance of different plants in the same combination was obvious. The relationship between days of sterile period and fertile period for sterile plants from F₂ of 8 combinations was negatively correlated,and the correlation of XianS/Jinhuazhan,XianS/Xianhuangzhan,XianS/Xinxiaozhan,XianS/Yeluzhan,XianS/Minizaozhan was significant.

Abstract:The potential distribution and harm risk of golden apple snail, Pomacea canalicultata, on rice in Guangdong were identified and predicted based on GIS technology according to the temperature which was suitable for survival development of golden apple snails, and distribution in rice planting areas. The suitable habitat was widespread in summer and shrunk in winter, and it extended northward in summer and narrowed southward in winter. Golden apple snails could not survive in some north mountain areas of Guangdong during winter time, but both snails and their eggs could develop everywhere from May to October. As for the potential distribution, high and moderate occurrence region occupied 16.68% and 54.25% of the total area of Guangdong, respectively. Take the harm of the snails on rice as an example, potential risk level of golden apple snail was evaluated in paddy fields in Guangdong. The results showed that regions with serious damage risk accounted for 21.75% of the total area and mainly covered Zhanjiang, Maoming, Yangjiang areas. Moderate risky region which was mainly in paddy fields in central part of Guangdong occupied 63.16%, slight risky region occupied 14.47% of the paddy fields.

Abstract:The genetic relationship and diversity of 44 eggplants, Solanum melongena L., germplasms and 4 wild relatives were analyzed by ISSR method .One hundred and fifty-three of 186 bands were amplified by 20 ISSR primers, about 82.2% being polymorphisms. Fourty-eight germplasms were clustered into 5 groups by genetic similar index from 0.52 to 0.98, and the wild species were different from eggplants. Also 44 eggplant cultivars had a high genetic similarity and a narrow genetic diversity. At the same time, the results showed that the cluster was related to the fruit shape of eggplants and origin areas, but not to the fruit colour.

Abstract:The full-length sequences of β-Actin,GAPDH and 18S rRNA which are frequently used as reference genes in qPCR analysis were obtained from the pericarp of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.cv.Feizixiao) by gene cloning and sequencing. Their sequence lengths were 1 273,1 368 and 1 712 bp,respectively. Sequence analysis showed that the cloned sequences had very high similarity with other species. Furthermore,the stability of six genes,including β-Actin,glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH),18S rRNA,ubiquitin(UBQ),elongation factor (eEF) and 25S rRNA,was determined in litchi pericarp under different developmental stages and regulator treatments in this study. Three different analytic calculation methods including geNorm,NormFinder and BestKeeper were compared. Among the six genes tested,β-Actin appeared to be the most stable single gene under three different calculation methods.

Abstract:The Qingxin-1 green tea is a distinctively green tea,which has a very bright green liquor color and can endure repeated infusions. The relationship between contituents and liquor color of Qingxin-1 green tea was studied and at the same time,three kinds of green teas including Fudingdabai, Cuiyu and Jinxuan were taken as controls.The results indicated that the brightly green infusion color of Qingxin-1 green tea was lasting and the green tea could endure repeated infusions. The contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and chlorophylls in Qingxin-1 were significantly higher than those of the controls. The contents of flavonoids and tea polyphenols were obviously different among different kinds of green tea, but there was no significant difference. The contents of chlorophylls and flavonoids were correlated positively with liquor color of green teas. In this paper, these results suggested that the chlorophylls, flavonoids and polyphenols were important for liquor color. The fresh leaves and green teas had higher amounts of chlorophylls and flavonoids,and the liquor color was more brightly green,and as the contents of flavonoids increased, the yellowness and brightness of liquor color increased. The fresh leaves and green teas had higher amounts of polyphenols,and the liquor color was more instable.

Abstract:In order to identify appropriate Zn concentration range of foliar spraying for ginseng, effects of zinc spraying concentration on growth, ginsenoside content and zinc absorption efficiency by leaves of ginseng were studied through field experiments. Results showed that ginseng leaves can efficiently uptake Zn²⁺ of foliar applied, and transformation of Zn from leaves to roots was found. The amount of Zn uptake by leaves had significant (P<0.01,R ²>0.9) positive correlation with applied Zn mass concentration range from 20-20 000 mg/L. As spraying concentration increased, the amount of zinc transferred from leaves to roots was also enhanced. Increment of fresh mass and ginsenoside content of root were found when appropriate Zn nutrient solution(200 and 2 000 mg/L) was applied, and peroxidases (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities increased when applied rate was 200 mg/L, but spraying 2 000 mg/L Zn²⁺ led to POD activity increase and CAT activity decrease compared to control. Although malondialdehyde（MDA）content increased, CAT activity decrease and leaf burn were observed when 2 000 mg/L was supplied to ginseng leaves, and ginsenoside significantly increased in root. This may be due to of environmental pressure induced by secondary metabolite accumulation. Appropriate Zn mass concentrations of foliar application in ginseng ranged from 200-2 000 mg/L.

Abstract:A pot experiment was conducted to study the influence of different doses of potassium fertilizers (K₂SO₄ and KCl) on lettuce, Lactuca sativa, quality and soil under Cd stress. The results showed that application of proper dose of K₂SO₄ could increase the fresh mass of lettuce and decrease Cd content of lettuce shoots, while nitrate contents increased significantly and the nutrient quality decreased at the same time. KCl showed the opposite tendency. Soil available K increased with doses of K₂SO₄ and KCl increasing, and K₂SO₄ had no obvious influence on soil available N and P. At the application level of 400 mg·kg^-1, K₂SO₄ and KCl both decreased soil pH and increased soil DTPA-Cd contents. Basically, K₂SO₄ had better effects on decreasing shoot Cd contents of lettuce than KCl, while KCl had better effects on improving nutritional quality of lettuce than K₂SO₄ and a higher risk of increasing DTPA-Cd contents in soil than K₂SO₄ at the same time.

Abstract:Comparative studies were performed to evaluate the growth and fecundity of earthworm, Eisenia foetida, in the combination of cattle manure and rice straw with different C/N ratios under laboratory condition. The observations indicated that the biomass of E. foetida was significantly higher in cattle manure with C/N ratio of 21.8 and 80% cattle manure +20% rice straw with C/N ratio of 24.9 when compared to other treatments at 30, 60, 90 days. Moreover, the population of worms in 60% cattle manure+40% rice straw, which had a C/N ratio of 28.7, was significantly greater than that of others at 60 or 90 days, and the number of worms increased up to 324 after 90 days. The C/N ratio of vermibeds showed significantly negative relation with earthworm biomass and population. In conclusion, the optimum C/N ratio of cattle manure and rice straw combination is from 21.8 to 24.9 for E. foetida growth, and 28.7 for fecundity.

Abstract:The influences of five different added dosages of earthworm manure on anaerobic digestion of food waste were investigated at（37±1）℃. The variations of pH, SCOD, VFAs, TP and biogas yield in the anaerobic digestion processes were studied. The experimental results showed that the accumulations of biogas yield were 14 700, 16 074, 15 702, 16 056, 16 414 and 16 485 mL and the biogas yield rate reached 466.35, 504.84, 488.02, 494.03, 499.67 and 496.69 mL·g^-1 when the earthworm manure added were 0, 3%, 6%, 9%, 12% and 15%（w, wet substrate）, respectively, and their outputs were increased by 8.25%, 4.60%, 5.93%, 7.14% and 6.51% , respectively. The earthworm manure could enhance the biogas production most significantly at the dosage of 3%. During the process of the anaerobic digestion, the addition of earthworm manure could improve the pH value and the hydrogensis and acidogenesis rate of food waste significantly. Therefore, the addition of earthworm manure could prevent VFAs accumulation, buffer the decrease of pH value and increase the biogas yield.

Abstract:The morphological characters of compound eyes dysplasia in Drosophilia melanogaster induced by azadirachtin was investigated. Flies were allowed to lay eggs on food mixture with 2 mg/kg of azadirachtin on which the resultant larvae and adults were fed and sampled for observation at different developmental stages. The images of stereo microscope and scanning electron microscope showed that adult eyes treated with 2 mg/kg of azadirachtin became smaller in size, irregular in ommatidia organization, rough on surface, duplicated, bent and forked in interommatidial bristles. The ultrastructure of compound eyes was characterized by transmission electron microscope. Results showed that chromatin condensation, phagocytic vacuole increase, nuclear membrane shrinkage, boundary fuzziness occurred in eye cells at the late third instar larvae, and they also showed that photoreceptors loss in different degrees at pupae and new adults. These results suggested that azadirachtin could induce abnormal morphological development in D. melanogaster compound eyes, which may gain a new insight into novel insect growth regulators.

Abstract:Daily dynamics of photosynthetic characteristics in rice leaves infected by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae were analyzed by using the LI-6400 portable photosynthesis system. The results showed that diurnal changes of photosynthesis (Pn) in rice flag leaves had one peak, and there was no obvious midday depression in daytime. The phenomenon was possibly related to rice growth period and geographical environment conditions. Although no significant difference was observed in Pn and Tr between infected plants and the control, they were very different in the curves of diurnal variation. Correlation analysis showed that the main factors affecting Pn of infected plants were Gs and PAR. Compared with the control, stomatal characteristics changed more significantly in the infected plants. Length and width of the stoma increased, whereas the density decreased. Stoma distribution in flag leaves was not homogeneous in diseased plants. There were significant differences between infected plants and the control in chlorophyll and carotenoid. Chl a and carotenoid were higher in the control but Chl b was higher in infected plants by significance analysis. Rice showed strong adaptability and resistant ability when it was influenced by the pathogen. Rice growed under the stress of plant disease by changing structure, performance and metabolicway.

Abstract:Investigation was conducted to study the influence of sweet maize intercropping with different crops (mung bean, kidney bean, sweet potato or peanut) on the spiders community structure in field by the sampling methods of pitfall, net and full plant investigation. Ten spider families, including 26 species, were found in all maize fields. Composition of spiders community in maize monoculture habitat was similar to those in intercropping habitats, in which the dominant species were Lycosa pseudoannulata and Coleosoma octomaculatum. However, maize intercropping habitats appeared to be helpful to the growth of spider groups.The numbers of spider in maize field intercropped with mung bean and kidney bean were significantly larger than that of monoculture maize habitat. The similar result was also found in maize-sweet potato or maize-peanut intercropping habitat. The results indicated that intercropping habitats could attract more spiders and therefore resulted in a higher spider density due to the increase of crop diversity.

Abstract:The lethal effect of high temperature at all stages of Bactrocera correcta(Bezzi) was studied in this paper. The results showed that the mortality of the fruit fly eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults increased significantly with the temperature rising from 38, 40, 42, 44 to 46 ℃, with the treatment time prolonging from 1.5 h to 24.0 h. The sub-lethal high temperature zones for the eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults were 43.0-44.0, 44.0-45.0, 38.1-42.3, 38.2-43.8, respectively; the lethal high temperature zones for the eggs, larvae, pupae and adults were 45.0-46.0 ℃, over 46.0, 42.4-45.5 and 43.8-45.7 ℃, respectively. The relationship between the mortality (Y) of the fruit fly pupae and adults, and temperature (X₁), treatment time (X₂) was simulated as equations Y=828.63-45.22X₁-11.45X₂+0.616X²₁+0.300 4X₁X₂and Y=3 902.87-194.73X₁- 7.722X₂+2.424X²₁ +0.200 4X₁X₂.

Abstract:Specific primers were designed to amplify the lpl gene of Phyllotreta striolata (Pslpl gene) by RT-PCR. The cDNA of Pslpl gene was 1 182 bp containing one open reading frame (ORF) encoded 393 amino acids which includes a signal peptide with 13 amino acid residues followed by a putative mature peptide of 380 amino acid residues. The results of the real-time PCR data showed that the Pslpl gene expressed in several tissues of adult beetle, and it was upregulated especially in the head and the midgut. The expression profile was also different between the female and male adults. The expression was higher in male’s reproductive system than that in female’s. However, the expression was higher in other tissues of female. The cDNA of Pslpl gene and its expression profile are the basic knowledge for the further study on lipoate protein ligase and the protein lipoylation of this important pest beetle.

Abstract:In order to find new fungicides, antifungal activities of 17 plant extracts against Peronophythora litchi were determined by using mycelial growth rate method. The main results were as follows: after 7 days’ treatment with a dry-powder mass concentration of 10 mg/mL, the methanol extracts of Polygonum lapathifolium and Camellia oleifera showed inhibition rates of 74.37% and 77.02%, respectively, while the methanol extract of Glycyrrhiza uralensis(root) showed inhibition rates of 97.83% at the same test mass concentration; extraction ratio reached 20.80% by using methanol to extract Glycyrrhiza uralensis(root) and it showed inhibition rates of 63.84% and 80.68% on P. litchi with dry-powder mass concentrations of 1.0 and 5.0 mg/mL, respectively, and the median inhibitory mass concentration was 0.47 mg/mL against the germination of sporangia of P. litchi. The median inhibitory mass concentration against P. litchi, Phytophthora capsici, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, and Cladosporium herbarum was 0.62, 0.89, 9.70, 6.42 and 4.53 mg/mL, respectively. These results suggest that the methanol extract of G. uralensis (root) has good antifungal activity, and it is expected to develop into a new fungicide with further research.

Abstract:Floristic and ecological characteristics of the community with Impatiens hainanensis were studied based on community investigation in Exianling limestone moutain, Hainan．The result showed there were 83 vascular species, subspecies, and varieties belonging to 76 genera and 46 families in 8 plots with a total area of 800 m²．The dominant families were Orchidaceae(including 16 species), Polypodiaceae(5 species), and Euphorbiaceae(4 species). The distribution types of the genera in the community were mainly Pantropic(including 18 species) and Tropic Asia (India-Malasia) (15 species). The shrub layer(including 29 species) and herb layer(45 species) were the main component of the community. There were 9 species in the liana layer. The dominant species of shrub layer, herb layer, and liana layer were Euphorbia hainanensis, Eria rosea, and Dischidia chinensis, respectively. The life form in the community was dominated by nanophanerophytes(including 57 species)．The order of the frequency distribution class was A>B>D>C>E. The A-level frequency was dominant(including 41 species). The community characteristics between I. hainanensis and Eu. hainanensis were compared. Some preliminary suggestions were also put forward on how to effectively protect I. hainanensis.

Abstract:In order to provide reference for selection of submergence-resistant tree species, seedling physiological changes of Manglietia glauca, Casuarina equisetifolia, and Michelia chapensis were studied under submerged stress environment. Effect of seedling physiological indexes on submergence stress was evaluated by testing contents of chlorophyll, soluble sugar, soluble protein, content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. With increasing submergence time, the chlorophyll content of M. glauca increased after slight fluctuation, that of C. equisetifolia slightly decreased followed by an increase, whereas it changed a little for M. chapensi. The peak of chlorophyll content in three seedlings was between （1.73±0.02）mg·g^-1 and（2.37±0.02）mg·g^-1; the content of soluble sugar of M. glauca decreased followed by an increase, C. equisetifolia continuously increased and M. chapensis increased gradually at the beginning and then decreased, and their peak was between （3.21±0.14）% and （4.96±0.34）%; the contents of soluble protein of M. glauca rapidly fluctuated, C. equisetifolia fluctuantly decreased, M. chapensis increased and then decreased, with a peak between （17.97±0.83）mg·g^-1 and （28.10±2.16）mg·g^-1; the activity of SOD of M. glauca and M. chapensis gradually decreased, whereas that of C. equisetifolia increased and then decreased, with a peak between （177.39±4.86）U·g^-1 and （183.94±1.71）U·g^-1. The content of MDA of M. glauca and M. chapensis tended to increase, whereas that of M. chapensis remained steady, with a peak between（0.018±0.001）μmol·g^-1 and （0.037±0.002）μmol·g^-1. The comprehensive evaluation showed that the order of submerging resistance of the three seedlings was C. equisetifolia>M. glauca>M. chapensis.

Abstract:In order to understand the photosynthetic physiology of seedlings of Ormosia pinnata and Kadsura longipedunculata, Syzygium jambos and Magnoliaceae glance at low temperature, gas exchange parameters of the four species seedlings were studied. Results showed that net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) continuously decreased with increasing low temperature time for the four species seedlings. Intercellular mole fraction of CO₂(x_CO2) continuously increased and stomata limitation (Ls) continuously decreased with increasing low temperature time for O. pinnata, K. longipedunculata and M. glance seedlings, whereas x_CO2 decreased followed by an increase, and Ls increased and then decreased for S. jambos seedlings. When treated six days under low temperature, Pn of O. pinnata, K. longipedunculata, S. jambos and M. glance was -0.17, -0.21, 0.27 and 0.15 μmol·m^-2·s^-1, respectively; and their Gs was 0.005, 0.017, 0.003 and 0.006 mol·m^-2·s^-1, respectively; x_CO2 was 440.8, 439.6, 309.8 and 404.8 μmol·mol^-1, respectively; Tr was 0.11, 0.39, 0.09 and 0.11 mmol·m^-2·s^-1, respectively; and Ls was 0.046, 0.047, 0.268 and 0.103, respectively. The photosynthetic ability of the four species seedlings under low temperature was evaluated by using principal component analysis, and its order was S. jambos>M. glauca>K. longipedunculata>O. pinnata.

Abstract:By using Cinnamomum bodinieri, C. camphora and C. caudiferum as experimental materials, dynamic variations in soluble sugar, proline, soluble protein and the leakage rate of electrolyte were investigated in the process of natural cooling from October 2009 to April 2010, and their comparison was analyzed to identify the cold resistance of three camphor tree species. The results indicated that in the process of natural cooling, before the middle of December, with a shorter duration of low temperature, the leakage rate of electrolyte changed with temperature but the change was not significant. In January, the content of osmotic adjustment substance increased rapidly with four successive days of low temperature at -8 ℃. Compared with December 28, 2009, the content of soluble protein and soluble sugar increased by 16.59%, 43.44%, 24.29 % and 8.19%, 21.27%, 16.72 % on 9 January, 2010, and the increase amplitude of C. bodinieri and C. caudiferum reached a significant level. As temperatures continued to decrease, the content of osmotic adjustment substance decreased and the leakage rate of electrolyte increased; from February to March, as the temperature increased, soluble protein and proline content increased again, but the leakage rate of electrolyte reduced to the minimum, which indicated that the damage of cell membrane caused by low temperature gradually restored; a fuzzy mathematics method showed that the cold resistance of the camphor trees first increased and then reduced, but finally further strengthened. The cold tolerance abilities are ranked in the following order: C. bodinieri>C. camphora >C. caudiferum.

Abstract:Nine oleaginous moulds and four oleaginous yeasts were isolated from 30 soil samples by using Sudan Black B staining and methanol-chloroform extraction. These oleaginous microorganisms were identified by 5.8S rDNA sequence analysis. Nine oleaginous moulds were assigned to Talaromyces trachyspermus,Penicillium pinophillum,Pe. sp.,Pe. janthinellum,Paecilomyces lilacinus,Pe. simplicissimum,Aspergillus aculeatus,Trichoderma sp. and Tr. koningiopsis.Four oleaginous yeasts were Pichia caribbica,Candida sp.,Meyerozyma guilliermondii and Pi. guilliermondii.The lipid yields of the oleaginous microorganisms were tested by cultivation in shake flasks. The highest lipid yield was up to 26.4% by P. pinophillum among 9 oleaginous moulds and 44% by Candida sp. among 4 oleaginous yeasts. The lipid extracted from Candida sp. was mainly composed of 14~20 short chain fatty acids by GC-MS analysis.

Abstract:Oocytes were collected from porcine ovaries, cultured in vitro for 42-44 h, and cumulus cells were removed from oocytes. Matured oocytes were selected for parthenogenetical activation. The effect of different field strengths (FSs), pulse durations (PDs), electrical pulse numbers (EPNs), and the influence of cytochalasin B treatment on development of parthenogenetically activated porcine oocytes were investigated. In the first experiment, 4 different PDs (80,100,120,140 μs) were applied with a single or two 0.8 kV·cm^-1 pulse(s) to activate the oocytes. The results showed that a single 100 μs pulse of 0.8 kV/cm resulted in the highest blastocyst rate of (42.22±5.38)%, but it was not statistically different from the blastocyst rates of other groups (P＞0.05). In the second experiment, 4 different FSs (0.8,1.0,1.2,1.4 kV·cm^-1) were used with a single or two 100 μs pulse(s) to stimulate the oocytes. The highest blastocyst rate ［(44.04±0.68)%］ was observed in the group applied with single 100 μs pulse of 1.4 kV·cm^-1, but it was not statistically different from the blastocyst rates of other groups (P＞0.05). In the third experiment, 4 different PDs (80,100,120,140 μs) were used with a single 0.8kV·cm^-1 or 1.4 kV·cm^-1 pulses to activate the oocytes. The blastocyst rate of the group treated with a single 80 μs pulse of 1.4 kV·cm^-1 reached (54.60±2.86)%, which was significantly higher than that of other groups (P＜0.01). In the fourth experiment, one group of oocytes was stimulated only by a single 80 μs pulses of 1.4 kV·cm^-1, while the other groups was activated with a single 80 μs pulses of 1.4 kV·cm^-1 followed by 4 h-cytochalasin B treatment. The results indicated that the blastocyst rate of the latter group was (54.07±3.12)%, significantly higher than that of the former group (P＜0.01). The above results suggested that EPN had no significant effect on parthenogenetical development of porcine oocytes, and 4 h-cytochalasin B treatment to the oocytes after the electrical stimulation by a single 80 μs pulses of 1.4 kV·cm^-1 resulted in a high parthenogenetical blastocyst rate.

Abstract:The objective of this study was to utilize pCold-SUMO expression vector to efficiently express capsid（Cap）protein gene without nuclear localization signal (NLS) of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2).Cap gene without NLS was subcloned into the pCold-SUMO expression vetor, which named as pCold-SUMO-dCap, and the recombinant plasmid was transformed into Arctic-Express competent cells.It was induced by IPTG at 15 ℃ and efficiently produced active fusion protein of SUMO-dCap. SDS-PAGE analysis of the recombinant protein demonstrated that soluble SUMO-dCap in the supernatant was expressed at approximately 50% of total recombinant fusion proteins.Then,the soluble SUMO-dCap was purified by Ni-NTA resin purification kits, whereas the SUMO tag was removed by SUMO protease.In addition,the purification effect and specificity of recombinant fusion protein and capsid protein without NLS were detected by Western-blot assay.The results showed that both of them had been well purified and possessed good reactionogenicity.

Abstract:The S1（Spike）protein gene without membrane localization signal of infectious bronchitis virus (dS1）was amplified from infectious bronchitis virus(M41) by PCR and sub-cloned into pBACsurf-1. The fusion gene containing S1 and gp64 was then inserted into baculovirus transfer vector pFastBac^TM Dual to construct the recombinant plasmid pFastBac-gp64-dS1.Then,the plasmid was transformed into Escherichia coli DH10Bac competent cells to obtain the recombinant shuttle vector Bacmid-gp64-dS1. Extracted Bacmid-gp64-dS1 was transfected into Sf9 cells to produce the recombinant baculovirus BV-dS1 by using Lipofectamine^TM 2000. Indirect immunofluorescent assay indicated that the recombinant baculovirus BV-dS1 could express S1 protein on infected Sf9 cell membrane.

Abstract:The pharmacokinetics of roxarsone was investigated by following single intravenous (i.v.) and oral administration both at a dosage of 10 mg/kg in healthy chickens. 24 chickens were randomly divided into two groups for experiments. Blood samples were collected at different intervals after administration of roxarsone. The concentrations of roxarsone in plasma were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Plasma concentration-time profiles of roxarsone were analyzed by using non-compartmental analysis WinNonlin 5.2 software. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of i.v. administration were as follows: t_1/2β=（2.37±0.11）h,V_z =（5.29±0.37）L·kg^-1,AUC_0-∞=（6.55±0.28）mg·L ^-1·h,CL=(1.56±0.07) L·h^-1·kg^-1. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of oral administration were as follows: t_1/2β=(3.02±0.08) h,t_max= (1.00±0.07) h,C_max= (1.09±0.08)mg·L^-1,AUC_0-∞=(2.30±0.10) mg·L^-1·h,MRT=(2.44±0.13) h,F =(35.28±1.0)%.The results showed that the pharmacokinetic characteristics of roxarsone in healthy chicken manifested wide distribution, rapid elimination as well as incomplete absorption and low oral bioavailability.

Abstract:The aim of the research is to investigate the antiendotoxin effects of sinomenine, fangchinoline, stachydrine, chuanxionggzine, oxymartrine and evodiamine. Endothelial cells were challenged with 1 μg/mL LPS for 3 h and treated respectively with six alkaloids at three concentrations (1,5 and 10 μg/mL). The cells were incubated at 37 ℃ in a cell incubator for 21 h. The supernatants were collected and analyzed for the levels of IL-1α, NO and 6-keto-PGF_1α by ELISA kits. The results revealed that sinomenine, oxymartrine and evodiamin inhibited the production of IL-1α; sinomenine, stachydrine and chuanxionggzine inhibited the secretion of NO; fangchinoline down-regulated 6-keto-PGF_1α expression. All these changes were significant. Altogether, these data suggested that six alkaloids would exert beneficial therapeutic effects on inflammation, edema and coagulation via these cytokines.

Abstract:Core-shell photocatalyst TiO₂/Fe₃O₄ particles were prepared by sol-gel technique. Intermediate SiO₂ was then added to form the catalyst TiO₂/SiO₂/Fe₃O₄. The photocatalytic activities of the catalysts were investigated by changing the preparation conditions such as pH and the ratio of Fe₃O₄ and TiO₂. The magnetic properties，crystal phase and morphology of the particles were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, VSM and TEM. The result showed that both TiO₂/Fe₃O₄ and TiO₂/SiO₂/Fe₃O₄ photocatalyst had superparamagnetic property and relatively high photocatalytic activity. Decolourization rates of methylorange were up to 90% in 1 h and the photocatalytic degradation of TiO₂/Fe₃O₄ and TiO₂/SiO₂/Fe₃O₄ belonged to first order kinetic reactions. The introduction of SiO₂ layer had a significant effect on improving saturated magnetization, photocatalytic rate and recycling photocatalytic activity.

Abstract:H and F genes were obtained by digesting the cloning plasmid pMD-18T-H and pMD-18T-F respectively.The recombinant protokaryon expression plasmids pET28a-H and pET28a-F were constructed by sub-cloning the objective gene into pET28a (+) vector. Recombinant protokaryon expression plasmids pET28a-H and pET28a-F were transformed into Escherichia coli Rosetta2(DE3)cell. Target genes were successfully expressed by SDS-PAGE detection. The size of the recombinant fusion proteins was 31 400 (H) and 38 200 (F) respectively. The recombinant fusion proteins showed positive reaction to anti-CDV canine serum by Western-blot detection.

Abstract:A two-dimensional electrophoresis protocol suitable for the separation of proteins from sweet corn leaves was established by using improved TCA/acetone method for total proteins extraction. Two-dimensional electrophoresis conditions such as lysis buffer, protein loading quantities, isoelectric focusing time were modified and improved. The use of modified lysis buffer can lighten the protein horizontal drag; the maximum number of spots were larger than 750, acquired at 500 μg protein loading quantities; the best total isoelectric focusing time was 50 000 Vh; the linear regression correlation coefficient of spots was greater than 0.93, which showed high experiment repeatability.

Abstract:An intergeneric hybridization between Ajania and Chrysanthemum was produced by hand pollination in this study to introduce new germplasm into Chrysanthemum gene pool. One intergeneric hybrid of Ajania achilloides×Chrysanthemum morifolium‘Beijin’ was identified by morphological characteristics comparison and cytological analysis including flow cytometry. The hybrid was identified by the characteristic with ray florets which were quite different from that of maternal parents. It was found that the hybrid was tetraploid while the parents were diploid and hexploid based on cytological studies. The intergeneric hybrid could be used as the bridge for breeding of drought-resistant chrysanthemums.

Abstract:A saprophytic species, Sciaphila secundiflora Thwaites ex Bentham of Triuridaceae, was found in the understory of Phyllostachys edulis(Carr.) J. Houzeau forest stand of Jiangxi Province in August 2011. It is the new record in Jiangxi, China. Voucher specimens were deposited in the Herbarium of Forestry College, South China Agricultural University (CANT).