Abstract:According to the application of gray system theory, this paper analyzes nine production-related factors —The maize hybrid combination screening in plant height, ear length, splike length, ear diameter, barren tip length, rows per ear, grain per row, 100-grain mass, produce grain rate. The results show that the correlation of maize combination of production factors with yield was described as follows: grain per row>splike length>100-grain mass>rows per ear>producing grain rate>plant height>ear diameter>ear leagth>barren tip length. Based on the value of comprehensive evaluation, the advantages and disadvantages of 28 corn hybrids combination, which were divided into three classes, were evaluated. The overall excellent performance combination was 18,22,23,21,7 and 10, in which hybrid combination 18 performs the best traits (r′= 0.9132); combination of 28,12,13,3,5,4,14 performed the average traits. The combination 14 had the minimum value (r′= 0.705 0) and the worst comprehensive performance while the rest of combination performed better in the middle level. The results of comprehensive evaluation conform with performance in the production practice.

Abstract:The seedless wampee, Clausena lansium, in Yunan of Guangdong province was used to study the relationships between the N,P, K, Ca and Mg concentrations in the leaves and fruit yield and quality. The simple correlation analyses showed that correlations between nutrient concentrations and fruit quality were different among phonological phases. During bud differentiation stage, there was a significant negative correlation between the N or K concentrations and fruit acidity. The Ca and Mg concentrations were highly positively correlated with vitamin C, and Ca concentration was significantly correlated with fruit soluble solid. The concentration of K was highly negatively correlated with soluble sugars. The Mg concentration was significantly correlated with soluble solids and vitamin C. There was a positive correlation between K concentrations at flowering stage and fruit productivity. No significant correlation was observed between the nutrient concentrations in the leaves at fruit stage and fruit quality. At fruit developing stage, the concentration of K was negatively correlated with fruit soluble solids, while the Ca concentration was highly positively correlated with yield. During harvest stage, the N concentration was highly positive correlated with the soluble solids and soluble sugars. Canonical correlation analysis showed that the concentrations of Ca and Mg in leaves were highly correlated with fruit soluble solids and vitamin C.

Abstract:Microcosm experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of vermicompost at different proportions on the growth of Zea mays and soil fertility in orchard and vegetable soil. The results showed that significant increases were observed in the height, the aboveground and underground biomass, chlorophyll SPAD, total N and K uptake in aboveground and underground parts of Z. mays with the addition of vermicompost (P<0.05).The height of Z. mays was at the highest level of 10% vermicompost in these two types soil. The aboveground and underground biomass were the maximum at the level of 5% vermicopmpost in the orchard soil and 10% vermicompost in garden soil, respectively. When the proportion of vermicompost was 20%, total N and K contents uptake in aboveground parts and total N uptake in underground parts of Z. mays were more remarkable than others. In addition, vermicompost adjusted soil pH. Contents of soil organic matter, available N,P and K increased significantly with the increasing ratio of vermicompost in soil (P<0.05). Principal component analysis showed significant differences in soil fertility between 20% vermicompost and control treatments in two types of soil. As a kind of environmental friendly fertilizer,the study confirmed the promise of vermicompost on crop production and soil fertilization. In the future, it is necessary to produce vermicompost by various agricultural organic wastes and perform suitable proposition of vermicompost according to soil properties.

Abstract:The pot experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of bio-organic fertilizer on banana wilt disease and the influences of different fertilization treatments on bacterial community diversity in banana rhizosphere soil by Biolog-Eco plate method. The results showed that banana wilt disease was postponed by using bio-organic fertilizer. Control effects of bio-organic fertilizer on banana wilt disease were 55.4% after 30 days cultivation. The index of banana wilt disease was significantly negative correlated with AWCD in biolog plate, but significantly positive correlated with Simpson index. Results of principal components analysis indicated that distribution of different fertilization treatments were similar to the incidence trends, and rhizosphere microbial communities was obviously different; different fertilization treatments had a significant effect on the rhizosphere microbial community. Microbial activity in the rhizosphere soil of bio-organic fertilizer treatment was better. Furthermore, the category of carbon utilized by microbial in rhizosphere soil of bio-organic fertilizer treatment was different from that of organic fertilizer and control, and the polymers and amines were preferred.

Abstract:The comparison on chemical, biological activation and combination of chemical-biological activation on potassium release from K-feldspar were performed by shake flask culture and pot experiment. The results showed that the effects of chemical and biological activation on potassium released from K-feldspar were obvious and the amount of released potassium increased. The activated potassium released from K-feldspar with chemical, biological activation could promote the growth of maize. Between the two treatments, chemical activation was better. The effects of combination of chemical and biological activation were better than that of the single activation, which showed that the synergistic effect on combination of chemical and biological activation.

Abstract:Based on the DUS testing experiment, the difference of eight main grain quality characteristics of 23 rice applicant varieties and their similar ones were statistically analyzed in 2 continuous years. A significant difference was found among varieties on each of the eight grain quality characteristics, and the variation coefficients of these grain quality characteristics were ranked in the order of chalky percent, chalkiness, alkali value, amylose content, gel consistency, head rice, milled rice and brown rice. The variation coefficient of head rice, chalky percent, chalkiness and amylose content of conventional rice varieties were obviously higher than those of hybrid ones. Significant differences were found on at least 3 of the eight grain quality characteristics for each of the 4 pairs of rice DUS testing varieties with difference on only 1-2 characteristics according to the DUS testing results. All the eight grain quality characteristics in this experiment met the UPOV requirements as DUS testing characteristics and could be listed as the complimentary characteristics in the rice DUS testing guideline.

Abstract:Experiments were conducted to investigate the long-time dissolution effect of acid-eluviated kaolinite with batch method in oxalic acids solution. The results showed oxalic acids enhanced significantly Al³⁺and Si⁴⁺ release from kaolinite, compared with deionised water, and release of Al³⁺ and Si⁴⁺ from kaolinite increased with concentration of oxalic acids. The time of dissolution stoichiometry of kaolinite in the oxalic acids solution was later than the citric acids,and preferential Al³⁺-release was observed initially and after reaction anaphase, Al³⁺ and Si⁴⁺ showed stoichiometric release. The rate of kaolinite dissolution obtained in oxalic acid solution was almost one order of magnitude as large as that of inorganic acid, and which was higher than the citric acids, and dissolution rare did not reach saturation under the studied concentration of oxalic acids noted in this study, the dissolution rate presented an increasing character of linearity with the concentration of citric acids.

Abstract:The enduring fitness to low temperature of six isolates of Radopholus similis from ornamental plants was studied through longterm culture propagation on carrot callus and rejuvenation culturing on Anthurium andraeanum. The tolerance to low temperature of R. similis was determined by culturing on carrot callus. The results showed that the tolerance to low temperature of R. similis reduced after successive culturing on carrot callus for six generations, and the survival and fecundity decreased significantly. After rejuvenation on A. andraeanum, the survival and fecundity of R. similis could recover in different degrees, namely the resistant capacity to low temperature was enhanced. The tolerance to low temperature of R. similis was different in longterm cultured carrot callus according to the varying nematode groups. Similarly, the degree of recovery of the resistance to low temperature was also different after being cultured on A. andraeanum.

Abstract:Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere of corn, and 38 strains of inorganic phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and 35 strains of organic phosphate-solubilizing bacteria were screened by using traditional method of isolation and culture of microorganisms. The number of both total bacteria and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria in the rhizosphere soil was higher than that in the bulk soil. Major bacterial colony was milky or yellow, irregular or roughly round, smooth, thick, flat, non-transparent with ragged edge. Furhter study on phosphorus solubilizing capacity of the strains by Mo-Sb colorimetry method indicated that pH was significantly correlated with the content of available P of inorganic phosphate-solubilizing bacteria strains, but not correlated with that of organic phosphate-solubilizing bacteria strains. There were great differences between solubilizing calcium phosphate by inorganic phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and solubilizing lecithin by organic phosphate-solubilizing bacteria. Their phosphate-solubilizing capacity ranged from 8.88 to 108.31 and 0.51 to 3.53 mg/L, respectively. The strain SWJ1-4 and SWJ3-1 had a higher ability in solubilizing inorganic phosphate than other strains and strain RYJ1-6 had a higher capacity in solubilizing organic phosphate. The three strains had great potential in further development of microbiological fertilizer because of their stronger phosphate-solubilizing ability, faster growth rate and better growing state.

Abstract:A fungus with high cadmium resistance was isolated from the soil polluted by e-waste primitive recycling activity by adding definite concentration of Cd (200 mg/L) as 3CdSO₄·8H₂O in the medium. The fungus belonged to Cochliobolus lunatus according to ITS rDNA sequences. This strain was able to grow well on PDA plate containing 2 000 mg/L Cd²⁺, and its cadmium resistance might be ascribed to the production of alkaline materials during its growth. Apart from Cd²⁺, this stain could tolerate Pb²⁺, Zn²⁺ and Cu²⁺ efficiently as well. The resistance decreased in the order of Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺>Pb²⁺>Cu²⁺>Co²⁺>Ni²⁺, Cr²⁺>Hg²⁺, Ag⁺. This strain could grow in the liquid medium with three different inorganic phosphates, and the phosphate solubilization capacity was in the order of Ca₃(PO₄)₂(104 mg/L)>AlPO₄ (86 mg/L)>FePO₄·4 H₂O (17 mg/L).

Abstract:The volatile constituents from five different developmental stages of black pearl wax apple fruit (Syzyzgium samarangense) growing in China were analysed by solid phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Forty-four compounds were identified in wax apple, among which volatiles, terpenoids, alcohols, ketones and esters were the major components, among which eight compounds were observed at all five developmental stages, i.e., (-)-α-copaene,β-caryophyllene,á-selinene,à-selinene,α-muurolene,δ-cadinene, 2, 4′, 5-trimethyl diphenylmethane, 1, 2-benzenedicarboxylic acid bis［2-methylpropyl］ester. Ketones of wax apple fruit included camphor and trans-beta-ionone-5, 6-epoxide, esters components comprised 1, 2-benzenedicarboxylic acid bis［2-methylpropyl］ester and acetic acid, 2-methylpropyl ester. The volatile compositions from five developmental stages of the fruit were quite different. The relative contents of terpenoids gradually decreased, and those of camphor and 1，2-benzenedicarboxylic acid bis［2-methylpropyl］ester increased along with the fruit ripening. Trans-beta-ionone-5，6-epoxide and acetic acid, 2-methylpropyl ester were only found at ripe stage.

Abstract:Rice grain filling is a process of starch accumulation. Biosynthesis of starch from sucrose in the developing endosperm primarily determines grain yield and quality of rice. DNA microarray analysis was performed in this study to investigate the differential expressed genes between 3 days and 9 days post anthesis in rice spikelets. 59 starch biosynthesis related genes were screened and among these, 20 genes were 2-folds up-regulated at 9 days post anthesis (DPA) compared with 3 DPA, including SUS2, AGPS2, AGPL2, GBSS Ⅰ, SS Ⅱ a, BE Ⅰ, which could be the key genes responsible for the starch biosynthesis during grain filling. 12 genes were down-regulated at 9 DPA compared with 3 DPA, including CIN2, SPS3, AGPL1, GBSS Ⅱ, SS Ⅲ b, which were presumed to be involved in the construction of fundamental cell machinery and initation of starch granules.

Abstract:Secondary structure, intrinsic fluorescence emission spectra, micelle morphology and particle size distribution of bovine casein were researched respectively by circular dichroism, fluorescence spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscope and nano-particle size analyzer. Results showed that bovine casein by ultrahigh temperature sterilization (UHT) had more random structures(α-helix 22.1%, β-sheet 23.1%, β-turn 22.4%, random 33.4%), compared with casein by pasteurization(α-helix 47.4%, β-sheet 19.7%, β-turn 13.4%, random 19.4%). Tryptophan of casein by UHT had more hydrophobic. Casein particles by pasteurization were spherical with smooth surface, and able to connect to short micelles. But casein particle by UHT did not have smooth surface, and could not connect to micelles. Compared with pasteurization, casein particles by UHT was smaller, with the diameter being 221.7 nm. This research suggested the structure of casein by pasteurization and ultrahigh temperature sterilization had obvious differences.

Abstract:In order to explore the changes of soluble sugar content in root bleeding sap during the genetic improvement of soybean varieties and its relationship with the plant photosynthesis, 22 soybean varieties bred in Jilin Province during 1923-2004 were measured to study the change of soluble sugar content in root bleeding sap and its relationship with the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of the function leaf in 2010 and 2011. The results showed that while root bleeding sap mass increased with genetic improvement of soybean cultivars, similar to the soluble sugar content in roots bleeding sap, and the correlation of soluble sugar content with year of release reached a significant positive level at flowering stage (R2). Maximum soluble sugar content was measured at R2, while at pod growth stage (R4) and seed filling stage (R6), soluble sugar content in root bleeding sap were extremely low. The relevant analysis of soluble sugar content of bleeding sap and Pn at R2, R4 and R6 showed that soluble sugar content was significantly correlated with Pn at R2, but the correlation was not remarkable at R4 and R6. It was suggested that R2 soluble sugar content in root bleeding sap could be used as an index of plant photosynthetic capacity.

Abstract:In this study, 107 samples of Tenualosa ilisha, Alosa sapidissima and T. reevesii were dissected and observed, and the morphological characteristics of T. ilisha were studied in detail. The morphological variations of T. ilisha and A. sapidissima and T. reevesii were analyzed using traditional morphometrics. In cluster analysis of 7 measurable parameters ratio, the T. ilisha and T. reevesii populations were clustered and then clustered with A. sapidissima. This was in confirmation with their classification status. In appearance, the short anal fin covered with squama of T. ilisha was different from that of A. sapidissima and T. reevesii. The number of columns scale, body length/body height and body length/head length of A. sapidissima were bigger than those of the other two Tenualosa species, so the A. sapidissima had a slenderer somatotype and smaller head. As for meristic characters, the first gill raker and vertebra were different from each other in these three species. The number of the first gill raker T. ilisha, T. reevesii and A. sapidissima were 181-219+153-224, 95-131+170-175 and 24-31+47-55 respectively. The number of the first gill raker T. ilisha, T. reevesii and A. sapidissima were 46-48, 37-39 and 55-57 respectively. As for internal structure, these three species could be clearly identified based on the shape of stomach, the size of blind sac, the length and the number of pyloric caecum, the bending number and relative length of intestine. At the same time, the different structures of digestive tract of the T. ilisha, A. sapidissima and T. reevesii indicated that the diets had been differentiated.

Abstract:This study focused on the response of the leaf morphology and photosynthesis traits of species seedlings from different functional groups to different light regimes (open, gap and understory) in evergreen broad-leaved forest in order to find out their succession status. The main results are as follows:1) There was a significant difference among the environmental factors under different light regimes in subtropical forests, especially photosynthetic active radiation (PAR), which made functional groups respond differently to environments;2) The seedlings of Cinnamomum camphora could capture more light energy with the lowest leaf dry mass per area(LMA), performing the most stomatal conductance and the lowest leaf intercellular CO₂ concentration(C_i) to improve carborxylation capacity and solar energy use efficiency (SUE), offsetting photoinhibition under higher regimes. These characteristics showed it could regenerate in high-light environment as a pioneer species;3) Seedlings of Gordonia acuminata showed photoinhibition due to the highest LMA and C_i but the lowest SUE under open light regimes. Otherwise it showed a relatively higher leaf net photosynthetic rate (Pn), SUE and water use efficiency (WUE) in gap and was more sensitive to light induction in understory. It belonged to intermediate shade-tolerant species;4) Although seedlings of Castanopsis fargesii could endure higher light with a relatively lower LMA and higher Pn than Gordonia acuminata under open light regimes, it probably experienced a big light stress for a lower sensitivity to abrupt high light induction. It also did not adapt to relatively high light regime of gap because of a lower SUE. However, it could not survive in understory for a 16% higher LMA than in gap either. It tended to regenerate better in sparse crown of Pinus massoniana forests and would replace intermediates such as Gordonia acuminata in succession.

Abstract:Sixty-six sample plots were evenly laid out in Changtan Nature Reserve using a digitized topographic map for pant inventory. Two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) of the sample data categorized the vegetation of the nature reserve into 4 community types, i.e., evergreen broad-leaved forest (EB), Cunninghamia lanceolata forest (CL), coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest (CB), and coniferous forest dominated by C. lanceolata and Pinus massoniana(CP). Stand volume, biomass, and carbon storage were first calculated by tree species group, and then weighted for area to obtain carbon density of a certain community type. Carbon density for each of the 4 community types, i.e., EB, CL, CB, and CP, was 33.94, 34.70, 51.00 and 42.05 t·hm^-2, respectively. The forest vegetation in the nature reserve had a total carbon storage of 2.265×10⁵t, and an average carbon density of 44.77 t·hm^-2, much greater than the average value of Guangdong. Correlation analysis indicated that the major determinants for carbon density were tree height, diameter at breast height (DBH), and succession time of communities, while slope, elevation and stand density had no significant relations with carbon density.

Abstract:Soil characteristics of a Robinia pseudoacacia plantation was investigated in an abandoned iron tailing area in Huangshi City to provide guidance for soil remediation of abandoned mine lands. Soil pH, organic matter, total N, total P, total K, alkali-hydrolyzable N, available P, and available K were determined by routine method, the number of diazotrophs and the phosphate-solubilizing bacteria number were determined by dilution plate method, and activities of soil urease, phosphatase and catalase were determined by colorimetry, disodium phenyl phosphate colorimetric method and titration with potassium permanganate, respectively. The contents of soil organic matter, total N, total P were 101.5, 2.8, 1.5 g·kg^-1, and alkali-hydrolyzable N, available P, and available K were 130.7, 16.2, 201.8 mg·kg^-1 respectively in the soil of the R. pseudoacacia plantation, which were significantly greater than those of the abandoned iron tailing without vegetation, while total K was lower by 13.7% compared with the control. The number of diazotrophs and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria were 75.0×10⁵ and 85.7×10⁵ cfu·g^-1 respectively, and activities of urease, phosphatase and catalase were 2.7 g·kg^-1·d^-1, 317.6 mg·kg^-1·h^-1 and 4.6 mL·g^-1·h^-1, respectively, which were significantly greater than those of the controls. Soil structure of the abandoned iron tailing was improved and nutrient content was increased because of covering mixed substrate, which facilitated the colonization of R. pseudoacacia, and the growth of R. pseudoacacia further improved soil properties and facilitated the ecological restoration of abandoned iron tailing.

Abstract:The testicular cells of Landrace piglets aged from 1 to 5 days were isolated by two-step enzymatic digestion method. The Percoll discontinuous density gradients method was used to purify the porcine spermatogonial stem cells (PSSCs). The effects of glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) on PSSCs proliferation were investigated by MTT method. The results showed that the method for PSSCs isolation and purification were effective. By means of MTT assay, the results indicated that LIF and GDNF factor could promote PSSCs proliferation, and the combination of 20 ng·mL^-1 GDNF and 1 000 U·mL^-1 LIF showed the strongest effects.

Abstract:Genetic polymorphisms of Pit-1 gene was analyzed by sequencing and PCR-SSCP in Hexi cashmere goat, Longdong cashmere goat, Liaoning cashmere goat and Inner Mongolia cashmere goat, and the effects of genotype on body mass and body measurement traits of goat were also estimated in this study. The results showed that two SNPs（G/T, T/C）, and five genotypes（AA, AB, BB, AC and BC）were detected in exon 6, and the BB was the predominant genotype. The genotype distributions of four populations were all in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium except for Inner Mongolia cashmere goat. The least square analysis indicated that body mass and heart girth of individuals with genotype AB were significantly higher than that of individuals with genotype BC（P<0.05）, and the other genotypes were no significant difference（P>0.05）. Therefore, it can be concluded that genotypes of Pit-1 gene is an effective genetic marker in goat breeding.

Abstract:Total 360 large GIFT tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, with average initial body mass of (220.16±7.66) g were randomly divided into 6 groups consisting of 3 replicates (20 fish per net). Each group was fed a diet that mass fractions of niacin were 11.84 (control group), 37.78, 64.70, 89.44, 157.15, 335.36 mg·kg^-1 for 10 weeks. Growth, feed utilization, body composition, some serum biochemical indices and liver niacin concentration were measured to detect the suitable requirement of niacin in diet of large GIFT tilapia. The results showed that the addition of niacin to diets significantly improved fish mass gain rate(MGR, %) and feed efficiency(FE); the crude protein content in whole-body of fish in the 157.15 and 335.36 mg·kg^-1 groups was significantly higher than that of other groups. The crude lipid content of fish in the 64.70 mg·kg^-1 group was the highest and significantly higher than that of the control group; there were no significant differences in carcase moisture and crude ash of the fish. The serum total cholesterol(T-CHO, mmol·L^-1), high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C, mmol·L^-1) and total protein(TP, mmol·L^-1) content first increased then decreased as the level of dietary niacin increased, and they reached the peak when feeding the fish mass fraction of niacin 157.15 mg·kg^-1. The addition of niacin to diets significantly reduced serum triglyceride(TG, mmol·L^-1) content. The niacin content in liver first increased then plateaued with increasing dietary niacin levels and it was significantly higher in the niacin added groups than that of the control group. Regression analysis showed that large GIFT tilapia were estimated to need mass fraction of niacin 63.62, 158.52-172.41 mg·kg^-1 respectively to maintain their maximum growth and normal physiological function.

Abstract:Isonitrogen (350 g/kg CP) and isoenergetic(17 kJ/g) feed were formulated at five Ala-Gln levels (0,0.30%,0.60%,0.90% and 1.20%).Cyprinus carpio var.jian（10.07±0.15）g of three stocking density（20,40 and 80 g/L）were respectively fed with feed of five Ala-Gln levels. Effects of Ala-Gln on growth and feed intake of C. carpio var.jian reared at different stocking densities were investigated. Results indicated that feed intake and protein productive ratio were significantly lower with the increase of stocking density, but coefficient of mass variation was higher（P<0.05）.In a certain range of Ala-Gln, growth of C. carpio var.jian improved with the increase of feed intake and protein productive ratio and the decrease of coefficient of mass variation（P<0.05）.Under the current conditions,it could be concluded that optimum Ala-Gln level for C. carpio var.jian in the stocking densities of 20, 40 and 80 g/L should respectively be 0.30%-0.60%,0.60%-0.88% and 0.90%-1.08%.

Abstract:In this paper, the residues and depuration of semicarbazide(SEM) in hybrid snakeheads（Channa maculata(♀)×Channa argus(♂)）were tested. Hybrid snakeheads were drug-bathed 2 days with 2 mg/L nitrofurazone at temperatures of (30.5±0.5) ℃.During drug-bath, the samples were collected at 0.5,1,2,4,8,12,24,48 h,and at 0.5,1,2,4,8,12,24,48,96,192,288,384,480,720,960,1 200,1 440,1 920,2 400,2 880 h after drug-bath, and the SEM residues in muscle were measured by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS).The results showed that the SEM residue from 0.5 to 48 h in hybrid snakehead muscle increased gradually from （32.58±2.82） to（175.92±18.49）μg/kg during drug-bath. SEM residue was found to be the highest,（108.00 ±5.86）μg/kg at 1 h after drug-bath. The residues ranged between（53.60±4.90）and（69.21±5.71）μg/kg from 2 to 48 h after drug-bath but significantly decreased after 48 h, which was below the detection limit of 0.25 μg/kg at 1 440 h. The average degradation of SEM in muscle was 0.089 μg/（kg·h）. The results showed that the nitrofurazone of muscle in this experimental condition was degraded after 60 days.

Abstract:737 Pomacea canaliculata were collected from different places of Guangdong, among which black and yellow strains were 411 and 326 respectively. The shell width, shell length, shell height, body whorl height, body whorl width, shell mouth length, shell mouth width and live body mass were measured. The correlation among the 7 traits and phenotypic differences between the two types of P.canaliculata were analyzed by SPSS 18. The results revealed that phenotype correlation coefficients among traits were significant(P<0.01). Body whorl width had a maximum impact on the body mass, followed by conch height, shell width had minimal impact to bady mass. Regression equation between mass of live body(Y) and morphological traits of shell height(X₁), and shell mouth width(X₂),body whorl height(X₃), and body whorl width(X₄),shell width(X₅),shell mouth length(X₆) was established using stepwise regression analysis. The equation was as follows: Y =-10.377+0.180X₁-0.188X₂+0.189X₃+0.289X₄+0.137X₅-0.092X₆. The yellow P.canaliculata were much bigger than the black ones in terms of shell height, shell width, shell mouth width and live body mass, but there was no significant difference in other phenotype characters.

Abstract:The aim of this research was to study the treatment function and mechanisms of injectio Xiangdan (XD) on endotoxin-induced DIC kidney of rabbits. The DIC kidney model was attained injecting intravenous of Escherichia coli O₁₁₁B₄ endotoxin (ET) solution into the rabbits, then injectio XD to observe its effects on the kidney of rabbits and degradation effects on ET in vivo and in vitro. The results of histopathology showed that the incidence and severity of glomerular microthrombosis, the degeneration and necrosis of epithelia, the formation of tube cast were significantly reduced (P<0.05 or P<0.01) compared to the corresponding model rabbits. The results of limulus agglutination test indicated that injection XD destroyed ET slightly. All above indicated that injectio XD had good prevention effects on endotoxin induced DIC kidney of rabbits, which improved the renal glomerulus capillary blood stream effectively, decreasing the incidence and severity of glomerular thrombosis.Therefore, treatment of the rabbits with XD lessens the degeneration and necrosis of epithelia, the formation of tube cas, maintaining the renal tubules.

Abstract:In order to master the squeeze breaking mechanism of peanut seeds and reduce the mechanical damage, the squeeze breaking property of the peanut seeds of different varieties, under different moisture contents and different squeeze locations have been analyzed through the squeeze breaking experiments with the particle strength test instruments. The mechanical properties of peanut seeds of different varieties, under different moisture contents and different squeeze locations were analyzed. The experimental results showed that the maximum squeeze force of peanut seeds under the different moisture contents and different squeeze locations had significant differences. The maximum squeeze forces of peanut seeds were reduced ultimately with the increase of the moisture contents, and the maximum squeeze force of peanut seeds under the different squeeze locations and the same moisture contents followed in an order of the ventral side, the side surface and the top surface. At the same squeeze location, the maximum squeeze force of different varieties were different, which was related to the internal composition and dimensions of peanut seeds.

Abstract:Two mangrove endophytic fungi K38 and E33 from the South China Sea Coast were chosen to be co-clutured. Nine sterols, 24-methylcholesta-5,24(28)-diene-3β,15β,19-triol（compound 1）,24-methylcholesta-5, 24(28)-diene-3β,19-diol (compound 2), 3β,11α-dihydroxyergosta-8, 24(28)-diene-7-one(compound 3),(22E, 24R)-ergosta-5, 22-diene-3β-hydroxyl-7-one (compound 4), (22E, 24R)-6β-methoxyergosta-5, 22-diene-3β, 5α-diol（compound 5）, (22E, 24R)-5α, 6α-epoxyergosta-8, 22-diene-3β,7α-diol(compound 6), ergosterol, ergosterol peroxide and (22E, 24R)-ergosta-7, 22-diene-3β, 5α, 6β-triol were isolated from the crude extracts of mycelia. Among them, compound 1 and compound 2 were found in marine mangrove fungi for the first time, and compounds 1~6 were not obtained from these two strains by previous pure fermentation.

Abstract:The paper investigated the absorption of roxarsone(4-hydroxy-3- nitrophenylarsonic acid)and p-arsanilic acid(4-aminophenylarsonic acid)by southern and northern soils in China. The results showed that southern acidic soils with high organic matter and Fe content could absorb far more the two phenylarsonic acids than that of northern soils. Humic acid added into the northern soils could increase the absorption capacity as 3 times for p-arsanilic acid and 10 times for roxarsone, and southern soil decomposed organic matter decreased significantly its absorption capacity.Adsorption isotherms of two phenylarsonic acids by southern forest soil and farm soil fitted the Langmuir equation better, the statured adsorption capacity for roxarsone and p-arsanilic acid by southern forest soil were 1 111 and 1 250 mg·kg^-1, respectively, those by southern farm soil were 66 and 250 mg·kg^-1. Initial concentration had more effects on the absorption capacity of roxarsone.

Abstract:The municipal sewage sludge (MSS) was applied to tea garden to assess its effectiveness and safety. The level of heavy metals in MSS from five wastewater treatment plants in Wuxi was measured. MSS was applied in the tea garden. The bud density, mass per hundred buds, and heavy metal in tea leaves were determined. A large difference in the level of heavy metals in MSS from five plants was identified. There might be a high risk if MSS from each wastewater treatment plant was applied individually. However, the safety degree could increase if the MSS from five plants were mixed before their application. After two consecutive years’ application of MSS in tea garden, bud density and mass per hundred buds were 1 385 unit/m² and 54.2 g respectively, the increase being 29.2% and 33.5% respectively compared with the control group. After the sewage application, the lead and copper content in the tea leaves increased to 3.23 and 21.1mg/kg from the initial values of 2.81 and 18.3 mg/kg. So it is not recommendable to apply MSS in tea garden in consecutive years.