Abstract:【Objective】This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of glycinin on the growth performance, feed utilization and nutritional composition in the young common carp.【Method】The larval common carp ［initial body mass (10.12±0.08) g］ and juvenile common carp ［initial body mass (116.89±0.13) g］ were fed with the semi-refined diets of isonitrogenous (crude protein 40% and 36%) and isocaloric (total energy 16.9 and 15.2 MJ/kg) food for 8 weeks. The fish were replaced with 0, 3.0%, 6.0%, 9.0%, 12.0% of glycinin respectively. 【Result and conclusion】The results showed that the growth performance of larval and juvenile common carp diversely decreased with different ratios of purified glycinin. The body mass gain and specific growth rate of 3.0%, 6.0%, 9.0% and 12.0% groups in the larval common carp significantly decreased compared with the control groups (P＜0.05), but the feed efficiency ratio, condition factor, hepatosomatic index (HI) and viscerasomatic index (VI) had no significant differences(P＞0.05) between the groups. There were no significant differences in the body mass gain, specific growth rate and feed efficiency ratio of 3.0% groups in juvenile common carp compared with the control groups(P＞0.05), but 6.0%, 9.0% and 12.0% groups were significantly higher than that of control groups(P＜0.05). There were no significant differences in the condition factor, hepatosomatic index and viscerasomatic index between groups (P＞0.05). The crude protein content in muscle of larval and juvenile common carp decreased while the increase of replacement ratio on glycinin was observed. There were no significant differences in the crude protein content in muscle of larval and juvenile common carp of 3.0% groups compared with control groups (P＞0.05), but 6.0%,9.0% and 12.0% groups were significantly lower than that of control groups(P＜0.05). The moisture, crude lipid and ash content in muscle of larval and juvenile common carp had no significant differences between the groups(P＞0.05). Under this experiment condition, the formulations of purified glycinin should be less than 3.0% and 6.0% in the larval and juvenile common carp, respectively.

Abstract:【Objective】Eight molecular markers related to growth traits were detected in the different breeding populations of largemouth bass, which had been found by previous studies. This would provide useful information for the actual application of limited growth markers in gene pyramiding breeding of largemouth bass.【Method 】 Using the technology of STR genotyping, genotype of 8 growth markers in the F2, F3, F5 and F6 generations of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides),‘Youlu No.1’ were detected and the number of advantage genotypes was analyzed. The growth markers included four sites of single nucleotide polymorphism located in IGF-I, POU1F1, PSS Ⅲ and MSTN gene and four sites of microsatellite: JZL60, JZL67, MisaTpw76 and MisaTpw117.【Result and conclusion】 The number of advantage genotypes was 0-6 in the tested fishes. The average number was 2.12, 2.70, 2.90 and 3.08 in F2, F3, F5 and F6 generations, respectively, presenting an increasing trend with each generation. The number of the advantage genotypes increased synchronously with the growth rate of the breeding largemouth bass in different populations. This means that the artificial selection has polymerized the advantage genotype to some extent.

Abstract:【Objective】 To investigate the effect of the sub-inhibitory concentration of quinolones on resistance to quinolones in Aeromonas hydrophila and its mechanisms. 【Method】 The quinolone sensitive strains of A.hydrophila from clinical and ATCC7966 were selected in vitro stepwise exposure to increasing concentration of nalidixic acid (NAL) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) on solid medium. The quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) was sequenced to determine the mutation for quinolone resistance. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of selected and non-selected antimicrobials as well as MIC by efflux pump inhibition cyanide chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP) of each strain were determined by broth microdilution method. The relationship between sensitivity varieties, mutations and efflux pump activities were analyzed. 【Result and conclusion】 The MICs of NAL and CIP increased 1 024-and 64 000-fold after selection, respectively, while the MICs of other antimicrobials increased diversely. When MIC of NAL or CIP in A.hydrophila reached 16 μg/mL or 32 μg/mL, Asp87→Tyr or Ser83→Arg, mutations of GyrA were identified, but no mutations of ParC were found. After CCCP was added, only MICs of fluoroquinolones caused a slight decrease, implying that it might include the quinolone mechanisms of target gene mutations and an active efflux system in A.hydrophila.

Abstract:【Objective】This experiment was conducted to study the excretion of roxarsone in poultry after being fed with roxarsone and its toxicity to the environment.【Method】 Thirty yellow plumage meat chickens were fed with poultry feed containing roxarsone 50 mg/kg. The feeding trial lasted for 10 days. The excreta were collected at 12 to 240 h after administration and a 5 d withdrawl period. The total arsenic, As（Ⅲ）,As（V）in excreta were analyzed by microwave digestion-atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS) method and the roxarsone was analyzed by HPLC. Photo degradation of roxarsone in poultry excreta was evaluated. 【Result and conclusion】The excreted amount of roxarsone reached a steady-state concentration at 108 h after administration (the range of roxarsone concentration was 31.62-35.87 mg/kg; the range of total arsenic concentration was 16.75-21.48 mg/kg). Roxarsone was undetectable in poultry excreta at 120 h after withdrawal, and the total arsenic was down to 3.89 mg/kg. The quantity of As(Ⅲ) and As(Ⅴ) slightly fluctuated and the peaks were 0.38 and 1.81 mg/kg correspondingly. There was a significant effect of light on the degradation of roxarsone. The results indicated that most of roxarsone was not absorbable and can quickly be eliminated with no change. The degradation rate of roxarsone can increase the effect of photolysis.

Abstract:【Objective】 To prove that the artificial antigen which was synthesised by 4-bromine ethyl butyrate was successful，and that the monoclonal antibody had a high sensitivity and specificity.【Method】 Salbutamol sulfate was connect with 4-bromine ethyl butyrate，then converted into hapten（SAL-HS）.The immunogen SAL-BSA(salbutamol-bovine serum albumin) and coating antigen SAL-OVA（ovalbumin）were synthesized by the N-Hydroxy-succinimide active ester method. The conjugations were identified by SDS-PAGE,UV and mass spectrum.Balb/c mice were immunized by immunogen; splenocytes were fused with SP2/0 myeloma cells; hybridomas cells were produced for a monoclonal antibody by ascites in vivo to identify immunological characteristics.【Result and conclusion】 Cultural supernatants titer of hybridomas cells and ascites were 1∶128 000 and 1∶2 560 000 respectively; the subclasses of monoclonal antibody was IGg1; the IC₅₀ of standard curve was 0.746 ng/mL, with other drugs of similar structure showing cross reactivity affinities being less than 0.015%.

Abstract:【Objective】There is a rich genetic diversity in common wild rice, Oryza rufipogon Griff.. Exploitation and effective analysis of cold tolerance quantitative trait loci (QTLs) from the wild rice could provide gene resources and theoretical support for rice cold tolerant molecular breeding. 【Method】In our previous study, a total of 18 cold tolerant QTLs distributing throughout all 12 chromosomes of rice genome were discovered using 230 chromosome segment substitution lines（CSSLs）which were developed from two crosses between the cultivar, 9311 as recipient parent and two lines of core resources of the common wild rice, DP15 and DP30 as donor parents. In this study, the interacting and pyramiding effects of four cold tolerant QTLs qSCT-1, qSCT-4, qSCT-8 and qSCT-12 which were previously identified in the CSSLs were studied using two pyramiding lines, (qSCT-1/qSCT-12)-CSSL and (qSCT-4/qSCT-8)-CSSL obtained from two crosses between qSCT-1-CSSL and qSCT-12-CSSL, and qSCT-4-CSSL and qSCT-8-CSSL respectively against a uniform genetic background. 【Result and conclusion】The results indicated that four cold-tolerance QTLs with an additive effect could significantly improve the resistance to rice cold stress separately; there might exist positive interaction effect among these cold tolerance QTLs in pyramiding lines. There was a significant addition effect between qSCT-4 and qSCT-8, but no significant epistasis effect between qSCT-12 and qSCT-1.

Abstract:【Objective】 The natural wild soybean populations distributing in the north of Guangdong are the extreme southern limit in the world. The objective of the present study was to explore the genetic characteristics of one natural wild soybean population from Daqiao Town of Ruyuan County in Guangdong Province, providing the base for in situ or ex situ conservation for this population.【Method】 Ninety-eight wild soybean samples were collected from one natural population of wild soybean growing in Ruyuan County, Guangdong Province. In order to facilitate the selection of the natural reserve of wild soybean, genetic diversity of this population was evaluated using 22 and 73 SSR makers.【Result and conclusion】The results showed that 27 and 85 alleles were detected with an average of 1.23 and 1.02 alleles per marker respectively. Expected heterozygosity (He) was 0.02 averagely. The cluster analysis showed that the population could be divided into three subgroups. The population distributing along both sides of Pinru road showed a higher genetic diversity. The above analysis indicated that the genetic diversity of this population was very low. Thirty selected SSR markers may clarify the primary evaluation of genetic diversity population.

Abstract:【Objective】To construct the vector of phytase gene(phyA) specific expression in roots and to develop transgenic maize with high phosphorus efficiency.【Method】 Using PCR method, the expression cassette ZmGLU1P-phyA-Nos was constructed by amplifying phyA from its expression vector pCAMBIA3301. The expression cassette was inserted into the transitional vector pCAMBIA1301-BADH with salt-tolerance BADH gene, which formed pCAMBIA1301-ZmGLU1P-phyA-Nos，the expression vector of phyA specific expression in roots. The phyA was transformed into maize embryogenic callus via Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated method. The regeneration plants were detected by molecular biology techniques. 【Result and conclusion】 The transformed plants were detected by PCR and 9 transgenic lines were obtained. Through salt-resistant selection, PCR, Southern blotting and RT-PCR analysis of T₁ generation plants, the results showed that phyA were successfully integrated into the maize genome and 6 transgenic lines were obtained.The analysis of phytase activity in maize plant root of T₂ generation plants showed that the phytase was able to be expressed highly and secreted from roots. The phytase activity of transformed plants increased 10.9 times on average, with the highest phytase activity being 5.432U/g. The new corn germplasm with transgenic phytase was obtained. Moreover, this study could lay a foundation for creation of new corn germplasm with high phosphorus efficiency and high maize yield.

Abstract:【Objective】To verify the effect of high efficient photosynthetic bacterial inoculant on tomato quality and effects on soil fertility.【Method】Three treatments and one control, three repeats, a total of 12 random field trials were designed. Effects of photosynthetic bacterial inoculant on tomato quality, soil fertility and soil microbial characteristics were studied by field trial.【Result and conclusion】 The results showed that significant increases were observed in the height and diameter, the fresh mass and dry mass of tomato plant, the content of chlorophyll, lycopene and vitamin C, but there were no remarkable effects on sugar of tomato fruit with photosynthetic bacterial inoculant. Photosynthetic bacterial inoculant reduced pH of soil tending to be neutral. Available potassium in the soil significantly reduced, while available phosphorus significantly increased. There were only slight effects on organic matter and available nitrogen in the soil. Photosynthetic bacterial inoculant could strengthen soil basal respiration and affect the number of the main microorganisms in the soil, which was presented by the number of fungi in the soil, while the number of bacteria and actinomyces in the soil increased evidently. As an environmental-friendly fertilizer, this study confirms the promise of photosynthetic bacterial inoculants on crop production and soil fertilization.

Abstract:【Objective】 Quadrastichus erythrinae Kim is a new invasive pest on host plant Erythrina spp. in China. Investigation on interaction between the pest and its host plant can be helpful for developing control strategies. 【Method】 The olfactory behavioral responses of the adult wasps toward eleven host plant volatiles were tested under the Y-type olfactometer. 【Result and conclusion】 Adults of Q. erythrinae showed strong responses to all tested volatiles. Wasps displayed different behavioral responses to different substances in different concentrations. Different olfactory parameters, such as olfactory reactive rate, olfactory selective reactive rate, and olfactory selective coefficient were used to value the wasps’ responses. The selective reaction rates of volatiles were above 50% except for compounds of benzonitile, which became more intense with the increase of compound concentration. The adult wasps were negatively chemotactic when under the concentration of unvarnished benzonitrile and 10-fold diluted benzonitrile, which showed significant differences compared with other volatiles.

Abstract:【Objective】 To confirm the pathogen species that caused brown rot disease on Hylocereus undatus. 【Method】 Diseased tissue isolation, indoor pathogenicity test, morphological observation and rDNA sequence analysis were used to confirm the pathogen species. 【Result and conclusion】 The colonies of the fungus were dark grey and fluffy on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. Two kinds of arthrospore were observed on PDA medium. One was columnar conidium with light-colored, thin-walled and (5.00-10.69) μm×(2.61-4.52) μm in size, and the other was chained conidium with dark brown, thick-walled, circular or oval, base truncate and (5.15-12.39) μm×(3.87-6.07) μm in size. Using PCR with primers ITS1 and ITS4 for internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of fungal 18S-28S rDNA，the sequence was cloned to be 579 bp in length. The BLAST results showed that the sequence had the highest sequence identity with that of Neoscytalidium dimidiatum strains isolated from pitahaya (99%-100%). These results indicated that night-blooming cereus brown rot in Guangdong was caused by N. dimidiatum.

Abstract:【Objective】 To assess the insecticidal activities of Cacalia tangutica based on previous researches. 【Method】 The activities of several compounds from Cacalia tangutica against Musca domestica, Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus, Pieris rapae, Ostrinia furnacalis, Solenopsis invicta were bioassayed by contact, stomach poison and drop treatment. 【Result and conclusion】 The results indicated that friedelin possessed a strong contact toxicity against third-instar larvae of M. domestica, and the corrected mortality was 86.18% after treatment for 48 h with 1 μg each larva by topical application, which was not significantly different from that of rotenone(85.67%). Friedelin, kaempferol and rotenone were equitoxic to fourth-instar larvae of C. pipiens quinquefasciatus. The corrected mortalities after treatment for 72 h were more than 80%. Moreover, friedelin had some degree of contact toxicities against third-instar larvae of P. rapae, fourth-instar larvae of O. furnacalis and S. invicta. Friedelin, quercetin and kaempferol had obvious stomach poison activities to S. invicta. Generally friedelin, quercetin and kaempferol are the active ingredients of C. tangutica.

Abstract:【Objective】 The research aims to achieve the reasonable application of triflumizole in Panax ginseng. 【Method】 Field trial and gas chromatography mass spectrometry were carried out to study residual decline and final residues of triflumizole 30% WP after being sprayed in 0,7,14,21,28,74 days.【Result and conclusion】 The results showed that the original deposition of triflumizole was 0.54 and 0.25 mg·kg^-1 respectively in ginseng and soil；the half-life of triflumizole was 19.9 and 25.4 d respectively in ginseng and soil. The final residue was 0.04 mg·kg^-1 and 0.14 mg·kg^-1 respectively in fresh root and dry root, while the sprayed dosage was 1 000 g·hm^-2. Based on many factors, the maximum residual limit （MRL） of triflumizole is suggested to be 0.05 mg·kg^-1 and 0.2 mg·kg^-1 in the fresh root and dry root respectively. Application of triflumizole should be just once in every growing season, and the practical dosage should not be over 1 000 g·hm^-2. The preharvest interval can not be determined.

Abstract:【Objective】 To understand soybean pods and multigrain gene regulation mechanisms of improving soybean production, a soybean flower bud cDNA library was constructed. The quality of library construction was initially identified according to the requirements. 【Method】In order to study the novel genes from flower bud mutants of soybean, a full-length cDNA library from flower bud mutants of soybean Jinong 18 was constructed. Total RNA from young flower bud mutants of soybean was extracted. Double strand cDNA was synthesized by SMART method. After proteinase K digestion and SfiⅠ digestion, the ds cDNA fragments were ligated to the λTriplEx vector. A cDNA library of soybean was successfully constructed. 【Result and conclusion】With the unamplified library stored after amplification, the titer of the amplified library was estimated as 2.13×10⁸ pfu/mL and the recombination rate was approximately 95.3%. PCR results showed that the inserts varied from 0.5 to 2.0 kb with an average size of 1.0 kb or so. It indicated that this library could be used for full length genes screening and cloning of low abundance genes. The library will lay a foundation for the genes clon and molecular biological research.

Abstract:【Objective】 To construct bovine interleukin-17 (bIL-17) gene eukaryotic expression vector and detect its expression in bovine mammarily epithelial cells which were primarily cultured in vitro. 【Method】 Bovine interleukin-17 gene(bIL-17) was amplified from the spleen tissue of cow by RT-PCR, which was inserted into pMD19-T vector and then sequenced. The bIL-17 was inserted into an expression vector pEGFP-N3 carrying the enhanced green fluorescent protein to generate a new plasmid pEGFP-N3-bIL-17. The pEGFP-N3-bIL-17 eukaryotic expression vector was transfected into bovine primary mammary epithelial cells with Lipofectamine^TM2000 liposome. After the transfection, the green fluorescent protein was observed under fluorescence microscopy, and bIL-17 transcription was examined by RT-PCR and bIL-17 protein expression in cells detected by ELISA methods. 【Result and conclusion】 The recombinant vector pEGFP-N3-bIL-17 with a green fluorescence and neomycin resistance was constructed and bIL-17 protein could be normally expressed in mammary epithelial cells.

Abstract:【Objective】Through analysis of stoichiometry and hydrology, the right growing environment of the main species of Bruguiera sexangula var. rhynochopetala and Avicennia marina seedlings and their conservation and restoration in China could be figured out.【Method】The influences of waterlogging time on stoichiometric characteristics of Bruguiera sexangula var. rhynochopetala and Avicennia marina seedlings in different organs (leaf, stem and root, respectively) were studied using the automatic tidal-simulation device in sand culture of greenhouse. The contents of 8 macroelements and 5 microelements were determined in the waterlogging treatments, respectively. 【Result and conclusion】The content of K, P, Na, Cl, Mg, Ca, Al, Fe, Mn, B differed significantly in seedlings when waterlogging stress varied. The result of the experiment showed waterlogging had a significant effect on the distribution characteristics of elements in different organs of seedlings, and different species differed in stoichiometric characteristics. The elemental content in leaf was more obvious in waterlogging than that in stem and root of B. sexangula var. rhynochopetala and A. marina seedlings. The result of waterlogging treatment showed the contents of Fe, Al, Mn, Ni, B increased in leaf continually, decreasing in root slightly. The Fe and Al content in 20 h waterlogging about 4.2 and 6.6 times higher than that of 2 h in B. sexangula var. rhynochopetala seedlings. The Fe, Al, Mn, Ni, B in 24 h waterlogging about 4.7, 1.1, 3.5, 4.0 and 1.5 times than that of 2 h in A. marina seedlings. This is possibly one of the most important features of mangrove species in stoichiometry. There is a significant correlation between the change in Mg and Ca in different organs of two species and waterlogging levels.

Abstract:【Objective】 To discuss physiological regularities of Siraitia grosvenorii mogroside Ⅴ biosynthesis. 【Method】 Comparative experiments of variety, shading, gas storing and low-temperature storing were carried out. Through these experiments, correlations between Siraitia grosvenorii mogrosides and saccharides metabolizing in fruits, effects of photosynthesis, respiration and temperature on them were analysed. 【Result and conclusion】 In 30 d fruits, mogrosides were mainly mogroside ⅡE and Ⅲ, sucrose and glucose content were low. During 30-70 d, mogroside ⅡE and Ⅲ content rapidly decreased; sucrose and glucose content increased; mogroside Ⅴ occrred, and its content sharply rose to near the peak value. During 70-90 d, mogroside Ⅴ was what only detected and found among mogrosides; sucrose content continually increased; glucose content obviously decreased. The higher photosynthetic rates of the variety, the higher its mogroside Ⅴ and glucose content. In shading conditions, photosynthetic rate of leaves decreased, but mogroside Ⅴ and glucose content of fruits both climbed up. Both gas storing and low-temperature storing improved glucose accumulation but inhibited mogroside Ⅴbiosynthesis. These studies suggested that low saccharide group mogrosides gradually combined glucoses into mogroside Ⅴ. It did not improve mogroside Ⅴ biosynthesis that leaf photosynthesis and fruit respiration were regulated to increase glucose amount at a late developmental stage. These results showed that low saccharide group mogrosides amount and key enzymatic activities, not the glucose amount,were possibly the main factors of limiting mogroside Ⅴ biosynthesis.

Abstract:【Objective】 In order to determine the influence of organic acid, pH, SO₂, copper and ferrous ion on non-enzymatic browning of litchi wine during the storage， the browning problem was studied in this paper. 【Method】 (+)-Catechin was investigated as representative substance in a simulated litchi wine in accelerating browning test. 【Result and conclusion】 It could be observed that tartaric acid, copper and ferrous iron increased the browning, in which the correlation between Fe³⁺ and browning of simulated litchi wine was significant: Y =0.179X -0.009X ²，R ²=0.990. The content of SO₂ above 40 mg/L can delay the oxidation to some extent, while the pH adjusted between 3.2 and 4.0 has no obvious influence.

Abstract:【Objective】The residue depletion of lincomycin hydrochloride-spectinomycin sulfate injection in pigs was investigated in this study, and its withdrawal time was estimated. 【Method】 In routine breeding conditions, thirty healthy pigs were randomly allocated to six treatment groups. All of them were treated with lincomycin hydrochloride-spectinomycin sulfate injection at a dosage of 15 mg/kg (5 mg lincomycin and 10 mg spectinomycin) once daily for 5 consecutive days. Five medicated pigs were slaughtered at 8, 24, 72, 144, 240 and 336 h after intramuscular administration, and muscle, liver, kidney, fat and injection site tissues were sampled. The tissue concentration of lincomycin and spectinomycin was analyzed respectively by liquid chromatography-mass spsectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 【Result and conclusion】 At 6 days postmedication, all observations of spectinomycin and lincomycin were below the corresponding MRLs. In all of the detected tissues, kidney had the highest drug concentration followed by liver, injection site, muscle and fat with the lowest drug concentration, indicating that kidney was target tissue for spectinomycin and lincomycin. Based on the MRLs, which were established by the Chinese Agriculture Ministry, the withdrawal time in pigs was analyzed by WT1.4 software. The results indicated that the withdrawal time of lincomycin hydrochloride-spectinomycin sulfate injection should be 8 days after intramuscular administration of 15 mg/kg in pigs.

Abstract:【Objective】To improve the tassel of maize.【Method】In this study, a cross between sweet corns inbred T4 and T19, which were significantly different in tassel primary branch number, was designed and QTLs for tassel primary branch number were identified in a whole genome with the methods of multiple interval mapping (CIM) based on 232 F₂ individuals. 【Result and conclusion】 A genetic linkage map composing of 77 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers covering 868.7 cM with an average interval of 11.28 cM was constructed. Four QTLs for tassel primary branch number in chromosome 4, 7, 8 were detected, accounting for 5.08%-17.71% of phenotypic variance. The main QTLs were located on chromosome 8 which accounted for 17.71% of the total phenotypic variance. These QTLs provide the basis of marker-assisted selection for tassel primary branch number.

Abstract:【Objective】To investigate the species and distribution of Melanthripidae, Thysanoptera in China. 【Method】 Collected thrips specimens from various host plants by flapping method, then mounted slides and identified the species.【Result and conclusion】 Three species of the genus Melanthrips were found in China, of which Melanthrips knechteli Priesner was a newly recorded species. Description and illustrations of the new record species, and an identifying key and the diagnostic features of the known species of Chinese Melanthrips were provided.