• Volume 35,Issue 3,2014 Table of Contents
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    • >Animal science
    • Effects of dietary carbohydrate to lipid levels on growth performance and carbohydrate metabolism of juvenile Chinese sucker, Myxocyprinus asiaticus

      2014, 35(3):1-7. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2014.03.001

      Abstract (1802) HTML (0) PDF 536.01 K (1858) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:【Objective】This study investigated the influences of dietary carbohydrate-to-lipid m(CHO)∶m(L) on growth performance, feed utilization and carbohydrate metabolism enzymes activities of juvenile Chinese sucker,Myxocyprinus asiaticus to detect the suitable addition proportion of m(CHO)∶m(L) to the diet of juvenile Chinese sucker.【Method】Six isonitrogenous (crude protein 41%) and isoenergetic (16 kJ/g) diets were formulated to contain with graded levels of m(CHO)∶m(L) (0.29,0.81,1.58,2.88,5.46 and 13.22). Each diet was randomly fed to one treatment of Chinese sucker with an average initial body mass of (4.01±0.02) g for 8 weeks. Mass gain rate(MGR), specific growth rate (SGR), body composition and carbohydrate metabolism enzymes activities of juvenile Chinese sucker were detected and analyzed.【Result and conclusion】The mass gain rate and specific growth rate increased initially but then decreased with the increasing dietary m(CHO)∶m(L), thus reaching the highest in fish fed diets with m(CHO)∶m(L) of 5.46, which was significantly higher than those of fish fed other diets (P<0.05), whereas feed coefficient rates(FCR) showed a converse trend; the crude lipid content in whole body of fish decreased with the increasing dietary m(CHO)∶m(L) significantly (P<0.05), while hepatic crude lipid decreased initially and then increased, reaching the lowest level in fish fed diets with m(CHO)∶m(L) of 2.88; Hepatic triglycercide concentrations increased significantly with the increasing dietary m(CHO)∶m(L) (P<0.05), while activities of aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and alanine aminotransferase(ALT) increased initially and then decreased, reaching the peak with dietary m(CHO)∶m(L) of 2.88; lipid content of muscle was lowest in fish fed diet with m(CHO)∶m(L) of 13.22, which was significantly lower than in fish fed diet with m(CHO)∶m(L) of 0.29 (P<0.05). Hepatic pyruvate kinase(PK) activities increased significantly with the increasing dietary m(CHO)∶m(L) (P<0.05), while phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase(PEPCK) showed a converse trend. No significant difference was observed in activities of hepatic hexokinase(HK) and glucose-6-phosphatase(G-6-pase) among dietary treatments (P>0.05). Based on broken-line regression analysis of SGR against dietary m(CHO)∶m(L), a m(CHO)∶m(L) of 465 was proved to be optimal for the growth of juvenile Chinese sucker.

    • Pharmacokinetics of ivermectin loaded PLA/PLGA microspheres suspension in dogs

      2014, 35(3):8-12. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2014.03.002

      Abstract (2049) HTML (0) PDF 587.98 K (3112) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:【Objective】The pharmacokinetics of ivermectin (IVM) loaded in poly lactic acid (PLA) and Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) microspheres (MS) in dogs was investigated. 【Method】Eighteen healthy beagle dogs were divided into 3 groups randomly. PLA and PLGA MS suspensions (s.c) of IVM were given to the animals subcutaneously at a dosage of 3 mg·kg-1 respectively. IVM (0.3 mg·kg-1,s.c) was concluded in the experiment for comparison. The IVM concentration in dog plasma was determined by the reversed-phase HPLC, Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using the Winnonlin 5.2.1 software package.【Result and conclusion】The IVM concentration time data were fitted to noncompartment model. After subcutaneous administration of IVM(0.3 mg·kg-1)injection the pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows: the peak concentration Cmax was (44.3±5.1) ng·mL-1, and tmax was (1.33±0.21) d; area under the curve AUC0~∞ was (323.26±23.56) ng·mL-1·d respectively.After subcutaneous injection of IVM-PLA-MS and IVM-PLGA-MS(3 mg·kg-1), area under the curve AUC0~∞ was(1 041.47±73.73) and (1 461.77±102.54) ng·mL-1·d respectively. PLA/PLGA MS suspensions of IVM have obviously a sustained-release property, with the plasma IVM concentration keeping in a steady state above 1 ng·mL-1 for 140 days after administration.

    • A study on antibacterial activity of crude extract from twenty traditional Chinese medicines like Fructus mume against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in vitro

      2014, 35(3):13-17. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2014.03.003

      Abstract (1816) HTML (0) PDF 421.25 K (2092) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:【Objective】The antibacterial activity of twenty traditional Chinese medicines against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in vitro was evaluated in this study. 【Method】Twenty traditional Chinese medicines like Fructus mume were extracted by ethanol reflux extraction,water decoction and ultrasonic wave. Minimal inhibitory concentrations(MICs) of twenty traditional Chinese medicines against A. pleuropneumoniae were determined by the macrodilution broth method. The joint antimicrobial activity of some traditional Chinese medicines was evaluated in vitro.【Result and conclusion】The results showed that the MICs of the extract obtained from F. mume, Rhizoma coptidis, Terminalia chebula, Cortex fraxini, Sanguisorbae officinalis and Polygonum cuspidatum against A. pleuropneumoniae ranged from 6.25 to 50.00 mg/mL. MICs of the extract obtained from Isatis indigotica, Artemisia capillaris, Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Dictamnus dasycarpus ranged from 50.00 to 100.00 mg/mL. MICs of the extract obtained from Phellodendron amurense, Eucommia ulmoides, Lonicera japonica, Bupleurum chinense, Taraxacum mongolicum, Baphicacanthus cusia, Gardenia jasminoides and Astragalus membranaceus were higher than 100.00 mg/mL. The results of joint bacteriostatic test showed that the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) of the pairwise combination of F. mume, R. coptidis, Te. chebula and Po. cuspidatum was lower than or equal to 1, and FICI of C. fraxini with Po. cuspidatum and F. mume was higher than 2. The F. mume, R. coptidis, Te. chebula, Po. cuspidatum, C. fraxini and S. officinalis had a good antimicrobial activity. The pairwise combination of F. mume, R. coptidis, Te. chebula and Po. cuspidatum showed an enhanced or additive synergy action, and C. fraxini showed antagonistic action with F. mume and Po. cuspidatum, respectively.

    • Molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of the pigeon toll-like receptor 7 gene

      2014, 35(3):18-23. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2014.03.004

      Abstract (1771) HTML (0) PDF 997.73 K (2165) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:【Objective】 To clone and characterize the pigeon Toll like receptor 7 (TLR7) gene.【Method】RT-PCR,RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends),Quantitative real-time PCR and bio-informatics software was used in this study.【Result and conclusion】 The study showed that the full-length of pigeon TLR7 cDNA sequence was 3 516 bp with the longest open reading frame (ORF) of 3 175 bp encoding a peptide of 1 048 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of pigeon TLR7 contained three main structural domains including an extracellular leucine rich repeats domains(LRRs),a transmembrane domain (TM) and a Toll/IL-1 receptor domain(TIR); pigeon TLR7 shared amino acid sequence similarity with the Anser cygnoides TLR7 gene, Anas platyrhynchos TLR7 gene, Gallus gallus TLR7 gene (above 78%), mammal TLR7 gene(about 60%), and fish TLR7 gene (less than 55%).Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that the pigeon TLR7 mRNA widespread expression in the tested tissues was high in small intestine, spleen, kidney and low in brain,lung, trachea, heart, pancreas, muscle and skin. In this study TLR7 gene has been isolated from pigeon, cloned and its main functional domains have been predicted.

    • A study on development of lymphocytes in the chicken crop

      2014, 35(3):24-29. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2014.03.005

      Abstract (1471) HTML (0) PDF 3.03 M (2507) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:【Objective】To study the appearance, distribution and quantity variation of immunocytes—T lymphocytes and its subpopulations and B lymphocytes in different periods, analyzing the developmental process of immunocytes in the chicken crop.【Method】The mono-antibodies and immunohistochemistry was used to observe the distribution and count the number of the relevant cell in every age. 【Result and conclusion】The results showed that CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ cells appeared in the first day after post-hatching. Bu-1b+ cells were observed in the 4rh day. CD3+ cells mainly distributed in the epithelium and lamina propria, and the lymphoid aggregates covered by CD3+ cells were first observed in the 7th day after post-hatching. CD4+ cells were located in the lamina propria. At first, CD8+ cells mainly distributed in the lamina propria of the mucosa. With the age increasing, CD8+ cells slightly migrated and infiltrated to the epithelium of the mucosa,which were transformed to the lymphoepithelium. Bu-1b+ cells mainly distributed in the lamina propria, especially around the vessels. The germinal center which was covered by the Bu-1a+ cells was first observed in the 35th day after post-hatching. The amount of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ cells kept increasing with the age; the amount of parts of positive cells decreased in the 14th and 21th day; it slightly increased after this date and reached mature level around the 56th day. Bu-1b+ cells continuously kept increasing with age, its rising rate was higher than T lymphocytes during the later period. The research showed that as a part of the digest system in the chicken, the crop posses ses the mucosal immunity which consists of the lymphoid aggregates and the lymphocytes.The crop is an important part of gut-associated lymphoid tissue(GALT).

    • >Agronomy·Soil & fertilizer
    • Effects of coating with cold indicated seed-coating agents on germination and seedling characteristic of rice seeds

      2014, 35(3):30-34. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2014.03.006

      Abstract (1994) HTML (0) PDF 411.31 K (2659) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:【Objective】The experiment was conducted to study the influences of coating treatment with cold indicated seed-coating agents on the rice seed’s germination at a normal temperature and low temperature.【Method】No.31 Xiangzaoxian (conventional rice) and No.1 Y Liangyou (super hybrid rice) were chosen as the rice seed material using the soaking agent ‘Qimiaokuai’ developed by South China Agricultural University, combined the seed dressing agents commonly used in Heilongjiang Reclamation, and added germicidal agents, pesticides, adhesives with other substances mixed as the seed coating agent. Three treatments included soaking and accelerating germination(CK), coated without soaking(A) and coated after soaking(B). The effects of coating treatment on different genotypes rice seed’s germination and seedling quality were studied in this paper.【Result and conclusion】The results showed that for coated treatment, at a normal temperature, the seed germination time lengthened, but germination rate increased. The germination rate of No.1 Y Liangyou coated without soaking and coated after soaking treatment respectively increased by 11.10% and 16.55% compared with control, and No.31 Xiangzaoxian increased by 30.83% and 37.68%, respectively. Under low temperature conditions, the germination decreased because of the cold infestation. Coating treatment improved the seedling rate of rice, and the rice which were coated after soaking (B) had the highest seedling rate, with No.31 Xiangzaoxian and No.1 Y Liangyou being 54.95% and 74.10%, respectively. Contrasted with control, those were improved by 120.24% and 127.30%, respectively. Coating treatment (A, B) improved the survival rate of seedlings after low temperature treatment at the bud stage, and coated after soaking treatment (B) improved the survival rate of seedlings after low temperature treatment at the two-leaf stage.

    • Effects of GA3, ABA and 6-BA on soybean,Glycine max L. Merrill,root growth and development

      2014, 35(3):35-40. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2014.03.007

      Abstract (2046) HTML (0) PDF 1.56 M (3909) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:【Objective】This experiment was conducted to explore effects of different concentrations of GA3, ABA, and 6-BA on soybean root growth, which could provide a theoretical basis for a further control of soybean root architecture through phytohormone. 【Method】The seedlings of soybean cultivar “HN89” were treated with 0.05, 0.50, 1.00, and 5.00 μmol·L-1 gibberellin (GA3), abscisic acid (ABA) and cytokinin (6-BA) respectively for 4 days, then root morphological parameters were quantified and analyzed. 【Result and conclusion】The results showed that 0.05 μmol·L-1 GA3 promoted the total root length of soybeans, but increasing GA3 concentration would constrain primary root and lateral root growth, which decreased the total root length. GA3 decreased average root diameters, hence resulting in fine roots. 0.05 μmol·L-1 ABA did not affect the soybean root growth, while increasing ABA concentration higher than 0.5 μmol·L-1 inhibited primary root and lateral root growth, decreasing the total root length, and slightly increasing average root diameters. 6-BA significantly constrained the soybean root growth and development, for instance, it inhibited primary root elongation, lateral rooting, and the total root length, but it promoted average root diameter, resulting in thick roots. These results indicated that different phytohormones or similar phytohormone with different concentrations can control soybean root architecture by controlling primary roots and lateral roots growth in different ways.

    • A QTL mapping analysis of main yield traits in soybean

      2014, 35(3):41-46. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2014.03.008

      Abstract (1533) HTML (0) PDF 1.17 M (2902) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:【Objective】This study explored closely linked and stable marker loci of soybean yield traits, giving a theoretical basis for cultivating high yield soybean varieties by marker-assisted selection.【Method】QTL mapping and effects of four major yield-related traits were analyzed using QTL IciMapping v2.2 complete interval mapping method for two years in soybean F2 and its derived populations. 【Result and conclusion】The results showed that the LOD=2.5 was the threshold, and nineteen obvious additive effect QTLs were detected in the number of soybean seeds per plant, seeds mass per plant, 100 seeds mass and number of pods per planting four major production traits, including 15 main effect QTLs, namely, the number of seeds per plant QTLs 3, the number of pods per plant QTLs 2, seeds mass per plant QTLs 10, which were located at 4 (C2), 12 (G), 6 (A1) and 17 (M) 4 linkage groups. In addition, three stable QTLs were located in two years, namely, the number of seeds per plant QTL qNSPP-12-1, seeds mass per plant QTLs qSWPP-12-1 and qSWPP-12-2. One new QTL of seeds mass per plant was preliminarily located, namely, qSWPP-12-5. The stable existence and main effect QTLs which were detected in this study will give important guiding significance for soybean genetics and breeding in the future research.

    • Studies on the preparation of sodium bentonite and adsorption characteristics to Cu(Ⅱ)

      2014, 35(3):47-51. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2014.03.009

      Abstract (1923) HTML (0) PDF 414.60 K (1946) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:【Objective】To preparing sodium bentonite and investigate its adsorption characteristics to Cu(Ⅱ).【Method】The calcium bentonite was converted into sodium bentonite with sodium chloride as the conversion agent by suspension method. The adsorption characteristics of modified bentonite to Cu(Ⅱ) were conducted by fitting the adsorption isotherm as well as the influence of the acidity and temperature.【Result and conclusion】It was shown that the adsorption of modified bentonite to Cu(Ⅱ) conformed with the Freundlich pattern,which was a single molecular layer adsorption,with 90 min reaching to equilibrium,the lower acidity, the greater adsorption capacity. However, the adsorption capacity reached stability after pH>5,the higher temperature, the smaller adsorption capacity,with the adsorption capacity remaining unchanged when the temperature was higher than 35 ℃. At the 25 ℃ and pH5,the removal rate reached 97.85% when 0.200 g modified bentonite was added to the 50 mL 10.0 mg/L copper ion solution. Results show that the modified bentonite can play an important role in the removal of copper ion.

    • Temporal and spatial variations of water conservation values in the farmland ecosystem in Guanzhong-Tianshui economic zone

      2014, 35(3):52-57. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2014.03.010

      Abstract (1527) HTML (0) PDF 1.79 M (3208) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:【Objective】It is important to quantify the water conservation services of the farmland ecosystem scientifically and accurately, which is helpful to play roles of regulating water and stabling the water supply, alleviating the water scarcity crisis.【Method】Under 3S, the quantity of water conservation in the farmland ecosystem in Guanzhong-Tianshui economic zone was estimated by the method of soil water storage, and the value with Shadow Engineering and Cost Accounting Methods.【Result and conclusion】During the 30 years from 1980 to 2010, the change tendency of the quantity and value of water conservation in the farmland ecosystem in Guanzhong-Tianshui economic zone had been decreasing at the beginning and then increaseing. From 1980 to 2005, the water conservation quantity decreased from 3.221 9×109 m3·year-1 to 1.969 1×109 m3·year-1, and water conservation values decreased from 2.158 7×109 yuan·year-1 to 1.319 3×109 yuan·year-1, with an average annual decrement of 1.56%; while from 2005 to 2010, the water conservation quantity increased from 1.969 1×109 t·year-1 to 3.163 8×109 t·year-1, and water conservation values increased from 1.319 3 × 109 yuan·year-1 to 3.221 9×109 yuan·year-1, with an average annual increment of 7.42%. Under the positive guidance of returning farmland to forest/grass land policy, even if the farmland area was reducing gradually, there was an increasing trend of the quantity and value of water conservation in the farmland ecosystem in Guanzhong-Tianshui economic zone. And there was a certain temporal and spatial variation: It decreased at the beginning and then increased in the time; while in the space, it was high in in the southeast plains and low in the northwest mountainous areas.

    • >Plant protection
    • A study on Margarya melanioides and Cipangopaludina chinensis as the indicator organisms to monitor pesticide residues in a tea garden environment

      2014, 35(3):58-62. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2014.03.011

      Abstract (1597) HTML (0) PDF 398.20 K (2520) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:【Objective】To determine the sensitivity of Margarya melanioides and Cipangopaludina chinensis to pesticides used commonly in tea cultivation to explore the feasibility of Margarya melanioides and Cipangopaludina chinensis as the organisms to monitor pesticide residues in a tea garden.【Method】The lethal concentration 50(LC50) values of five insecticides and one herbicide to M.melanioides and C.chinensis were determined by static bioassay tests respectively.【Result and conclusion】The LC50 values of dichlorvos, fenpropathrin, abamectin, chlorpyrifos, glufosinate-ammonium and thiamethoxam to M.melanioides were 0.031 6, 0.005 2, 0.104 0,0.048 6, 14.417 1, 54.635 9 mg·kg-1 respectively, and to C. chinensis were 1.711 2, 0.013 2, 0.917 1, 1.501 6, 108.755 3, 119.021 1 mg·kg-1 respectively after 48 h treatment, which indicated that the sensitivity of M. melanioides to these pesticides were 54.15, 2.54, 8.82, 30.90, 7.54 and 2.18 times over C.chinensis, respectively. M.melanioides was more sensitive than C.chinensis to these six pesticides, especially to organophosphorus (dichlorvos and chlorpyrifos). The LC50 values of dichlorvos, chlorpyrifos and fenpropathrin were far below the maximum residue limit (MRL), which indicated that the tested M.melanioides might have the potential to be the indicator organism to monitor pyrethroids and organophosphorus insecticide residues in tea garden.

    • Effects of volatiles in twenty non-host plants on the repellented and attractive behaviors of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens

      2014, 35(3):63-68. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2014.03.012

      Abstract (2013) HTML (0) PDF 722.55 K (2807) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:【Objective】To provide scientific evidence for the development and design of repellents and attractants of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stal (BPH).【Method】 The repellented and attractivebehaviors response of female adults BPH to volatiles of twenty non-host plants and α-phellandrene, α-pinene,camphene and linalool were tested by a Y-tube olfactometer.【Result and conclusion】The volatiles of Broussonetia papyrifera,Khaya senegalensis,Ageratum conyzoides, Wedelia chinensis, Bidens pilosa,Lantana camara,Eucalyptus exsetrta, Chukrasia tabularis, and the nuts of Foeniculum vulgare revealed repellent effects on BPH,especially, volatiles of W.chinensis, K.senegalensis and E.exsetrta showed significant repellent effects on BPH, with repellency rates 87.5%,83.3%and 72.0% respectively. However, volatiles of the bulb of Allium cepa showed significant attractive effects on BPH, with attractive rate 73.1%. The rest 10 non-host volatiles had no significant effects on BHP repellented and attractive behaviors. Though all 3 compounds were in the volatiles of 9 repellent non-ost plants, α-pinene showed attractive effects, while camphene had significant repellent effects on BPH, but α-phellandrene showed no significant effects on BPH behaviors with all tested concentrations. Furthermore, the linalool had significantly attractive effects at 1 μL, but it had repellent effects at 10 μL and significant repellent effects on BPH above 15 μL.

    • Determination of residual dynamics and final residues of pyraclostrobin in the ginseng root, stem, leaf and soil by HPLC-MS/MS

      2014, 35(3):69-73. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2014.03.013

      Abstract (1599) HTML (0) PDF 394.12 K (2330) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:【Objective】To identify the residual dynamics and final residues of pyraclostrobin 250 g·L-1 EC in the ginseng root, stem, leaf and soil after spraying during the ginseng growth period.【Method】The samples were extracted with acetone, cleaned up with primary secondary amine (PSA) solid phase extraction cartridge, and determined by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS).【Result and conclusion】The half lives of pyraclostrobin were from 6.35 to 8.75 d in the ginseng root, stem, leaf and soil with a spraying dosage of 666.67 g·hm-2. Final residues of pyraclostrobin in the ginseng root, stem, leaf and soil were below 0.020 6 mg·kg-1 over 60 d at a spraying dosage ranging from 333.33 to 666.67 g·hm-2. It is recommended that the preharvest interval of pyraclostrobin 250 g·L-1 EC should be set 35 d and sprayed one time at the dosage of no more than 666.67 g·hm-2.

    • Effects of exogenous silicon supply on the activity of antioxidant enzymes of tomato leaves infected by Ralstonia solanacearum

      2014, 35(3):74-78. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2014.03.014

      Abstract (1616) HTML (0) PDF 457.90 K (2276) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:【Objective】The objective of this study was to investigate the physiological mechanism of silicon-induced resistance of tomato plant to bacterial wilt.【Method】Pot experiments with soil and hydroponic cultivation were conducted to study the effects of silicon supply on the disease index of bacterial wilt and antioxidant enzymes of tomato leaves.【Result and conclusion】The results showed that exogenous Si treatment reduced the disease index of bacterial wilt by 29.1%-93.0% respectively in soil cultivation experiment and 6.3%-100% respectively in hydroponic experiment compared with no-Si-treatment. Compared with the no-silicon treatment, Si application increased POD and CAT activity of tomato leaves by 43.17% and 23.17% in soil cultivation experiment. Si amendments significantly increased POD, CAT and PAL activity of tomato leaves by 122%, 337% and 31% respectively in hydroponic experiments. In conclusion, Si supply has an important role in suppressing bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. The pathogen resistance mediated by Si is associated with the activation of defense-related enzyme activities in leaves.

    • >Biological science
    • An optimization study on two-dimensional electrophoresis for chieh-qua leaf proteomic analysis

      2014, 35(3):79-85. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2014.03.015

      Abstract (1537) HTML (0) PDF 1.48 M (2216) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:【Objective】To establish two-dimensional electrophoresis(2-DE) system suitable for chieh-qua leaf proteomics analysis. 【Method】The effects of various protein extraction methods of 2-DE were intercompared using the leaves of “A37maojiegua” as the materials, and the loading quantity of sample,SDS-PAGE gel concentration and the pH range of IPG strips were also investigated and optimized. 【Result and conclusion】The results showed that modified phenol extraction method was notably superior to TCA/acetone precipitation method and phenol extraction method in total protein quality and clarity of protein bands in SDS-PAGE electrophoresis, and the final 2-DE image map based on modified phenol extraction method had the maxium protein dots and clear background, slight streaking, more completely separated spots compared with the other methods. The further optimization of 2-DE system was carried out to obtain a 2-DE electrophoretogram abundant protein spots, high resolution, clear background and excellent repeatability with 17 cm IPG strips,120 μg protein loading quantity, SDS-PAGE with 12% gel concentration and IPG strips with pH 4-7, finally detecting proteins with modified silver nitrate staining. More than 1 936 protein spots were detected and their relative molecular mass ranged from 15 000 to 100 000. The optimization of the experimental conditions of 2-DE system suitable for chieh-qua proteomics research has been constructed, which provides a basis for further investigation of chieh-qua proteomics researches.

    • A research on extraction and enzymatic hydrolysis of zein

      2014, 35(3):86-89. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2014.03.016

      Abstract (1625) HTML (0) PDF 462.76 K (3903) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:【Objective】The production of short peptide from zein was investigated to greatly promote the application of zein.【Method】The conditions such as extraction time, temperature, ethanol concentration and ratio of liquid to solid were optimized by orthogonal test. Zein was hydrolyzed by protease K and alkaline protease in this study.【Result and conclusion】The optimal conditions of extracting zein were as follows: the ratio of solid to liquid was 1∶4; the extracting time was 3 hours; the extracting temperature was 60 ℃ and the concentration of ethanol was 75%. Results showed that the zein could be hydrolyzed more efficiently by combining two enzymes than by only using one of the two enzymes. Zein hydrolyzed by protease K and alkaline protease in turn is the best enzymatic hydrolysis method.

    • Flora of seed plants in the limestone areas of Hainan

      2014, 35(3):90-99. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2014.03.017

      Abstract (1933) HTML (0) PDF 795.78 K (2349) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:【Objective】The purpose of this study was to reveal the floristic composition and characteristics of seed plants in limestone areas in Hainan.【Method】Extensive field work, specimens collection and identification were conducted to collect data for the analysis.【Result and conclusion】A total of 1 176 species, 58 varieties and 1 forma belonging to 645 genera and 142 families were recorded. The tropical and subtropical distribution elements, especially tropical Asia ones, were dominant in the limestone flora in Hainan. The tropical and subtropical distribution families accounted for 73.24% of the total and the genera accounted for 87.75%. The proportions of temperate distribution families and genera accounted for 11.97% and 7.29%, respectively. The limestone areas contributed about 27.26% to the total number of species with less than 2% land area of the whole island. However, many genera include only one or very few species. There are 113 single and few species families, accounting for 79.58% of the total families. There are 2 genera endemic to China.

    • >Forestry science·Agricultural engineering
    • Effects of atmospheric correction on remote sensing estimation of LAI of broadleaved forest

      2014, 35(3):100-104. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2014.03.018

      Abstract (1644) HTML (0) PDF 485.05 K (2509) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:【Objective】This study aimed to provide a scientific basis for selecting the atmospheric correction model prior to the quantitative extraction of leaf area index of broadleaved forest at a regional scale using remote sensing.【Method】 6S model, FLAASH model, and ATCOR2 model were used respectively on Landsat 8 OLI image for the atmospheric correction to analyze the correlation of these three kinds of leaf area index (LAI) of broadleaved forest and a variety of vegetation index (VI), establishing the linear and nonlinear regression model of LAI-VI. The root mean square error and correlation of validation data set of LAI predicted value (Y) and the LAI measured values (X) were calculated.【Result and conclusion】The ATCOR2 model was not suitable for building broadleaved forest LAI-VI regression model; in addition to the RVI, for FLAASH model and 6S model, LAI of broadleaved forest had a good correlation with EVI, MSAVI. Among them the power function model of LAI-MSAVI with FLAASH model yield the best goodness of fit. LAI estimation precision of FLAASH model was superior to the 6S model for broadleaved forest. With the aid of remote sensing technology to quantitatively extract vegetation physiological parameters, suitable atmospheric correction model should be selected prudently.

    • An analysis of crack identification in the shaft of sugarcane cutter system

      2014, 35(3):105-110. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2014.03.019

      Abstract (1554) HTML (0) PDF 451.30 K (2471) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:【Objective】To get identification information of crack on the shaft from vibration characteristics of the system under the condition of various nonlinear factors.【Method】 The cutter was simplified to a vertical over-hung rotor-bearing system, and the slant crack was set near the junction between the shaft and the disk, taking into consideration two nonlinear factors. The slant crack and the nonlinear cutting force, three degrees of freedom dynamic equations of the system were founded. Based on this model, a stiffness calculation model of opening slant crack was chosen. The dynamic characteristics of the slant cracked cutter were investigated by numerical simulation.【Result and conclusion】 The results showed that when Ω=500 r·min-1 system was only under the condition of nonlinear cutting force without crack, working frequency and combined frequencies appeared in frequency responses of transverse vibration. In the same working condition, when the system was under the condition of both crack and nonlinear cutting force, the system had working frequency, combined frequencies and also a newly added second harmonic frequency which were frequency responses. In addition, with the increase of the crack depth, the amplitude of the second harmonic frequency was also increasing. Therefore, the identification signal of crack can be attained from two nonlinear factors. Besides, in torsional vibration, working frequency newly appeared because of the crack.

    • >Short communications
    • Genotypic differences of cadmium tolerance among spring-sowing soybean varieties in South China

      2014, 35(3):111-113. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2014.03.020

      Abstract (2010) HTML (0) PDF 312.76 K (2174) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:【Objective】The tolerant varieties are necessary because the areas of agricultural soil contaminated with Cd is increasing. The objective of the present study was to explore the Cd tolerance amonge spring-sowing soybean varieties in South China. 【Method】A pot experiment was carried out in the greenhouse to explore the Cd tolerance of 11 soybean varieties in South China. 【Result and conclusion】The biomass and yield of all soybeans varieties decreased significantly at 10.0 mg·kg-1 Cd compared with that of the control. Based on relative biomass and relative dry seed mass, Guichun 8 and Huachun 1 were tolerant varieties, while Guizao 1, Fudou 234, Bendi 2 and Huachun 2 were sensitive varieties. The results indicated that there are significant differences in Cd tolerance among spring sowing soybean varieties in South China.

    • Compositions and nutrients in the forest litter of Picea schrenkiana

      2014, 35(3):114-116. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2014.03.021

      Abstract (1657) HTML (0) PDF 318.26 K (2378) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:【Objective】Studies of forest litter and its dynamic change of Picea schrenkiana.【Method】Based on samples from P. schrenkiana forest national nature reserve in western Tianshan Mountains, forest litter and nine nutrients were tested from August 2008 to July 2009, and forest litter, nutrient elements were determined and the annual dynamic change was analyzed.【Result and conclusion】Annual amount of litter was 2 622.0 kg/hm2. There were significant differences of forest litter composition, with the higest being 1 766.6 kg/hm2 for leaf litter. For annual return of litter nutrients, macro-element Ca (60.83 kg/hm2) was the highest, while Mg (3.66 kg/hm2) was the lowest. For the trace elements Fe (1.98 kg/hm2) was the highest, while Cu (0.22 kg/hm2) was the lowest. The return amount of forest litter nutrients is important supplement source of soil fertility, which has an extremely important role in forest soil nutrient cycling and trees growth.