• Volume 36,Issue 4,2015 Table of Contents
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    • Research progress in glucuronoxylan biosynthesis

      2015, 36(4):1-10. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2015.04.001

      Abstract (2044) HTML (860) PDF 2.94 M (1763) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:【Objective】Plant cell wall plays a very important role in plant morphological structure maintenance, growth, development and resistance to diseases and pests. Some cell walls can also be used as edible or medicinal materials. Recently, the plant cell wall, regarded as an important biomass resource and biological material, has become a hot research topic in botany. As one of the important components of the cell wall, it is necessary to summarize the xylan achievement and breakthrough in the past decade.【Method】 The progress of glucuronoxylan biosynthesis was summarized through the relevant literatures and the authors researches.【Result and conclusion】 Glucuronoxylan is the principal hemicellulose component of secondary cell wall, which was synthesized by multiple glycosyltransferases. Deficiency of glucuronoxylan synthetase genes in Arabidopsis thaliana could lead to irregular xylem, collapsed vessel and fiber cell wall thinning. A number of genes involving in glucuronoxylan biosyntheses were discovered by phenotype analyses and gene functional analyses. These genes participated in the biosynthesis of glucuronoxylan backbone, tetrasaccharide terminals and side groups. The overall analysis of the genes was conducive to understanding the passway of the biosynthesis of glucuronoxylan. In this paper, the genes participation in glucuronoxylan biosynthesis have been reviewed and some uncertain issues of glucuronoxylan biosynthesis have been discussed in some future research priorities.

    • Prokaryotic expression of main antigen epitope of pseudorabies virus gE gene in Escherichia coli and establishment of indirect ELISA

      2015, 36(4):11-15. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2015.04.002

      Abstract (1400) HTML (389) PDF 842.69 K (1397) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:【Objective】To distinguish pseudorabies virus (PRV)-infected pigs from those vaccinated with glycoprotein E (gE)-negative vaccine, the method of rapid diagnosis was established.【Method】 The gE gene fragment of PRV containing the main antigen region was amplified by PCR and cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pET32a (+) to establish the recombinant plasmid pET-gE184. The recombinant plasmid was transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). After being induced with IPTG, the target protein was identified by SDS-PAGE and Western-blot. Wells of ELISA plates were coated with purified recombinant protein gE184 to establish the indirect gE184-ELISA.【Result and conclusion】 Two hundred ninety clinical porcine sera samples have been detected by this ELISA. Compared with commercial ELISA Kit, the coincidence rate was 93.1%.

    • Development and application of indirect ELISA for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus antibody detection

      2015, 36(4):16-20. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2015.04.003

      Abstract (1464) HTML (341) PDF 719.08 K (1894) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:【Objective】Two types of ELISA methods for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) antibody detection were established.【Method】 The inactivated PEDV strain GD-1 and expressed COE protein as coating antigen were used to establish optimal ELISA conditions and test the repeatability, specificity and clinical application effectiveness.【Result and conclusion】 The optimal conditions of two types of ELISA were established. The variation coefficient of two EILSA methods was less than 4.60% and 5.30% respectively. The specific test results of foot and mouth disease virus(FMDV), classical swine fever virus(CSFV), porcine circovirus(PCV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV) positive serum were all negative. The total positive rate of 223 clinical serum samples was 97.3% (217/223) and 98.6% (220/223) respectively. These two methods have a good stability and long shelf life. This research proves that two types of ELISA methods have a good detection rate and a high coincidence rate which will provide a technical method for PEDV antibody detection and epidemiological investigation.

    • Isolation and identification of GD-A strain of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and phylogenetic tree analyses based on S gene

      2015, 36(4):21-25. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2015.04.004

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      Abstract:The fecal samples were collected from a pig farm with similar clinical symptoms of porcine epidemic diarrhea in Guangdong Province. In order to isolate a virus strain, the samples with positive RT-PCR for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV ) were inoculated in Vero cell lines. 【Method】 The isolated virus strain was serially passaged until it was proliferated stably in Vero cells. During the process, observation of the typical cytopathic effect (CPE ) at different time points, indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) assay detected for M protein of virus, and RT-PCR method applied for specific gene detection of PEDV were used to isolate and identify the PEDV proliferated in Vero cells. 【Result and conclusion】 The typical CPE was observed at the 5th bind passage, and the isolated virus strains proliferated stably in Vero cells at the 20th passage. According to the results of RT-PCR, CPE and IFA, the isolated virus strain is determined to be PEDV, which is named GD-A strain.

    • Research on pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of pleuromutilin derivative BC-7013 in chickens

      2015, 36(4):26-31. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2015.04.005

      Abstract (1583) HTML (470) PDF 1.36 M (1671) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:【Objective】The pharmacokinetical characteristics and bioavailability of pleuromutilin derivative BC-7013 in chickens were investigated. 【Method】 Twenty chickens were randomly divided into two groups for pharmacokinelical experiments after a single intravenous (2.5 mg·kg-1) and oral administration (15 mg·kg-1). Blood samples were collected at different intervals after the administration of derivative BC-7013. The concentrations of derivative BC-7013 in plasma were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) with internal standard method. Plasma concentration-time profiles of derivative BC-7013 were analyzed by using non-compartmental analysis WinNonlin 5.2 software. 【Result and conclusion】 The main pharmacokinetical parameters of i.v. administration were as follows:t1/2β =(1.37±0.14) h,Vd=(1.87±0.25) L·kg-1,AUC(0→∞) =(2.83±0.56) μg·mL-1·h,CL=(1.14±0.28) L·h-1·kg-1. The major pharmacokinetical parameters of oral administration were as follows:tmax =(1.94±0.26) h,Cmax =(126.18±6.54) ng·mL-1,AUC(0→∞) =(1.38±0.21) μg·mL-1·h,MRT=(9.49±0.57) h,F =(10.37±1.48)%. The results show that the pharmacokinetical characteristics of pleuromutilin derivative BC-7013 in healthy chicken manifest wide distribution, rapid elimination as well as incomplete absorption and low oral bioavailability.

    • Residue depletion of diaveridine in pigs

      2015, 36(4):32-35. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2015.04.006

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      Abstract:【Objective】Determination of diaveridine in pig tissues by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was carried out. The residue depletion of diaveridine in pigs was investigated after oral administration, and its withdrawal time was estimated. 【Method】 Under routine breeding conditions, thirty healthy pigs were randomly allocated to six treatment groups. All of the pigs were treated with diaverdine at a dosage of 5 mg·kg-1 twice daily for 7 consecutive days. Five medicated pigs were slaughtered at 6, 24, 96, 168, 240 and 336 h after the last oral administration, and the muscle,liver, kidney and fat tissues of each pig were sampled. The concentration of diaveridine was analyzed by HPLC.【Result and conclusion】 Diaveridine in pig tissue was eliminated fast. The concentrations of diaveridine in all tested tissues dropped below the limit of quantitation (40 μg·kg-1)at 240 h after the last oral administration. The quickest elimination of diaveridine was observed in muscl whereas the slowest in the kidney. Based on MRLs(50 μg·kg-1) of diaveridine in poultry tissues, which were regulated by Japan Positive List, the withdrawal time in pigs was analyzed by WT1.4 software. The results indicate that the withdrawal time of diaveridine should be 8 days in pigs after oral administration.

    • Effects of dietary essential amino acid balance relativity on growth,digestion and metabolism of protein of Cyprinus carp

      2015, 36(4):36-42. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2015.04.007

      Abstract (1695) HTML (289) PDF 908.63 K (1505) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:【Objective】Effects of dietary essential amino acid (EAA) balance relativity on growth, digestion and metabolism of protein of Cyprinus carp were investigated.【Method】Contral diet (33% mass fraction of protein) was formulated with fish meal as protein source.Six isoenergetic (17 MJ·kg-1) and isonitrogen (31% mass fraction of protein) diets were formulated with plant protein source at different levels of EAA balance relativity by adding different levels of methionine and lysine. Cyprinus carp with the initial body mass(53.29±1.64) g was fed with seven diets at different levels of EAA balance relativity[0.764 9(control group), 0.704 8(group 1), 0.722 0(group 2), 0.737 0(group 3), 0.759 1(group 4), 0.778 0(group 5) and 0.800 8(group 6)]for 8 weeks.【Result and conclusion】The mass gain rate and specific growth rate increased with the increasing EAA balance relativity, thus reaching the 0.778 0(group 5),which was significantly higher than those of group 1,group 2 and group 3(P<0.05). There was no significant difference between group 5 and the control group(P>0.05), and the feed efficiency showed a similar trend.The protein efficiency increased with the increasing EAA balance relativity, thus reaching 0.759 1(group 4),which was significantly higher than those of group 1, group 2 and group 3 (P<0.05), and no significant difference was observed between group 4 and the control group(P>0.05).Compared with the control group,the hepatopancreas protease specific activity and the activity of alanine aminotransferase had no significant difference (P>0.05)when the EAA balance relativity was 0.759 1(group 4), and the hepatopancreas protease specific activity was significantly higher than those of group 1, group 2 and group 3(P<0.05).When the EAA balance relativity was 0.759 1(group 4), the activity of aspartate aminotransferase had no significant difference compared with the control group(P>0.05).When the EAA balance relativity was improved to 0.759 1(group 4),the total serum protein showed no significant difference between group 4 and the control group(P>0.05), but the serum albumin had no significant difference between group 3 and the control group(P>0.05).Under the current condition, the plant protein source feed is supplemented with the methionine and lysine to regulate the EAA balance relativity, reaching 0.759 1, which can promote the growth, digestion and metabolism of protein of C. carp, thus decreasing the content of dietary protein and the cost of feed.

    • Comparative trial on grain yield for pyramiding lines of single segment substitution lines in rice

      2015, 36(4):43-49. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2015.04.008

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      Abstract:【Objective】Pyramiding lines derived from single segment substitution lines in rice are intermediate materials in the process of molecular design breeding, so it would provide helpful consults for breeding and production practice via evaluation of their phenotypes.【Method】Twenty-five pyramiding lines were applied as experimental materials, and planted in the field with randomized block design in early and late seasons in 2013 respectively to test the differences of important agronomic traits between each of them and Huajingxian 74. The genetic basis of phenotypes and correlations of all observed traits were explored.【Result and conclusion】The grain yields of 5 pyramiding lines P05, P08, P14, P15 and P21 were markedly higher than that of Huajingxian74, which were suitable for planting in early and late seasons. The high-yield lines P07 and P12 were merely suitable for planting in late season. The heritability ratios estimated for all observed traits varied from 0.885 9 to 0.993 7, of which the general heritability ratios were 0.554 7-0.968 8 and the interaction heritability ratios were 0.024 9-0.331 2. Two traits of seed density and thousand seed mass were detected to influence grain yield, with the former decreasing it by the contribution ratio of 15.5% while the later increasing it by 36.6%. The results provide a basis of genetic improvement and indirect selection in breeding practice for these investigated traits.

    • Removal technology of volatile organic compounds from biogas slurry and fertilizer efficiency test

      2015, 36(4):50-54. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2015.04.009

      Abstract (1365) HTML (492) PDF 918.07 K (1540) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:【Objective】To screen out the optimal applicable method to remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from biogas slurry. 【Method】Heat treatment,activated carbon,air treatment and organic solvent extraction were adopted to remove VOCs from biogas slurry. 【Result and conclusion】Treatment conditions and the removal rates for different treatment methods with the best removal efficiency were as follows: the temperature for the heat treatment was 70 ℃ and the removal rate of VOCs from biogas slurry was 57.7%; the dosage of activated carbon was 12 g for 200 mL biogas slurry and the removal rate was 69.9%; the dosages of sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide, were all 20 mL for 200 mL biogas slurry, while the removal rates were 36.4%, 39.2% and 39.3% respectively; the removal rates for the treatments of nitrogen, air and ozone were 53.0 %, 67.3% and 81.7% respectively. The removal rate of chloroform+petroleum ether extraction could reach 87.4%. The VOCs removal rate could reach 94.1% by combining VOCs ozone with organic solvent extraction,which was effective without affecting fertilizer efficiency.The combined treatment of ozone and organic solvent extraction is the most effective measure for the deodorization of biogas slurry.

    • Responses of cellulase reaction systems of Pomacea canaliculata and Cipangopaludina chinensis to different pH and temperature

      2015, 36(4):55-58. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2015.04.010

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      Abstract:【Objective】To investigate the effects of pH and temperature on cellulose enzyme activities of Pomacea canaliculata Lamarck and Cipangopaludina chinensis Gray. 【Method】 The enzymatic analysis method (Carboxymethyl cellulose method) was used to research the influences of different reaction temperatures and pH values on cellulose enzyme activities in liver and stomach of P.canaliculata and C.chinensis. 【Result and conclusion】 The cellulose enzyme activities in liver and stomach of P.canaliculata were significantly higher than those of C.chinensis under different pH and temperature. The cellulose enzyme activities in liver and stomach of P.canaliculata at different pH values(3.6-7.2) were 1.51-3.14 and 1.30 -1.90 times higher than those of C.chinensis, respectively. At different temperatures (30-60 ℃), the cellulose enzyme activities were 1.16-1.56 and 1.32-1.77 times higher than those of C.chinensis, respectively. At the settled pH(3.6-7.2) and temperature (30-60 ℃) conditions, the curves of cellulase activities were all rising followed by reducing. At different temperatures, the variation ranges of cellulase activities in liver and stomach of P.canaliculata were wider than those of C.chinensis, while there was no significant differcence between P.canaliculata and C.chinensis at different pH values. The optimum pH range for cellulose enzyme activities in liver and stomach of P.canaliculata were 5.4-6.6 and 4.8-6.6, respectively; the optimum temperature range was from 40 ℃ to 55 ℃. Meanwhile, The optimum pH ranges for cellulose enzyme activities in liver and stomach of C.chinensis were 5.4-6.0 and 4.8-6.6, respectively; the optimum temperature ranged from 40 ℃ to 50 ℃. P.canaliculata has a better digestive ability and is more adaptive to the environment which may attribute to the easier invasion mechanism of P.canaliculata.

    • Pb & Cd absorption and accumulation characteristics, subcellular distribution and chemical forms in two types of Hemerocallis plants

      2015, 36(4):59-64. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2015.04.011

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      Abstract:【Objective】To investigate the mechanism of lead and cadmium tolerance and detoxification of Hemerocallis and to provide a theoretical basis for the phytoremediation in lead and cadmium contaminated soils.【Method】 A pot soil experiment was designed to study the accumulation characteristics of two types of Hemerocallis after different treatrnent time of Pb and Cd. The differential antrifugation and chemical reagent extraction technique was carried out to analyze the distribution and chemical form of Pb and Cd in these plants.【Result and conclusion】 The absorption characteristics of two types of Hemerocallis were that the contents of Pb and Cd in the underground part were more than those in the aboveground part.With the treatment time increasing,a peak value emerged in both of plants in the process of absorption, but peak times were different. The transfer coefficients of Pb and Cd both reduced. Most of Pb was found in the vacuolus and cellular soluble parts, then in the cell wall and its residue and less Pb in the cell membranes and organelles. The chemical form Pb distribution in Hemerocallis fulva was: PbHCl>PbNaCl>PbW>PbE>PbHAc>Pbr,while Hemerocallis×hybrida ‘stella deoro’ was: PbHCl>PbHAc>PbNaCl>PbWPbE>Pbr.The chemical form Cd distribution in two plants was as follows: CdE>CdNaCl >CdW>CdHAc>CdHCl>Cdr. The Cd distribution forms of two types of Hemerocallis are mainly inorganic salts, amino acids and other soluble salts.The cell wall plays an important role in cadmium tolerance and detoxification. The Pb distribution form is mainly metal phosphate. The vacuolus is the most important part for Pb tolerance and detoxification.

    • Effects of 60Coγ ray irradiation on survival rates and growth characteristics of seashore paspalum

      2015, 36(4):65-68. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2015.04.012

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      Abstract:【Objective】The suitable dose range for irradiation-induced mutation of seashore paspalum, Paspalum vaginatum Swartz, was studied to provide theoretical foundation and technical reference for seashore paspalum breeding. 【Method】 The stolons of two cultivars of seashore paspalum Sea Isle 2000 and Platinum were treated under four doses of 60Coγ irradiation at 0, 40, 50, 60 Gy.The optimal mutagenic doses and growth characteristics were examined.【Result and conclusion】 The stolon survival rate of seashore paspalum decreased with the increase of irradiation dose. The suitable irradiation dose ranges were 41.38-49.75 Gy and 54.07-64.89 Gy for Platinum and Sea Isle 2000 respectively. Irradiation significantly reduced leaf width of the two varieties and internode length of Sea Isle 2000, indicating that the texture of the seashore paspalum had been obviously improved. It is concluded that 40-60 Gy irradiation dose is suitable for irradiation mutation breeding of seashore paspalum.

    • Resistance evaluation of soybean varieties to phytophthora root rot in South China

      2015, 36(4):69-75. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2015.04.013

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      Abstract:【Objective】To systematically evaluate the resistance levels of soybean varieties to 7 strains of Phytophthora sojae in South China. 【Method】 Sixty seven soybean extension cultivars and main parents were identified for the resistance to 7 strains of Phytophthora sojae using the hypocotyls inoculation technique. 【Result and conclusion】 The infection rates of PGD1, Pm14, Pm28, PNJ1, PNJ3, PNJ4 and P6497 were 86.6%, 80.6%, 85.1%, 61.2%, 77.6%, 74.6% and 80.6% respectively, while 9.0% of the cultivars or lines were resistant to PGD1 strain which was newly found and isolated in Guangdong Province. Soybean varieties resistant to the Phytophthora strain PGD1 included Huaxia6, Yuexia2011-4, Guichun6, Guichun10, Guixia1 and Zhechun3. Among all tested species, twenty nine cultivars were susceptible to the 7 strains (accounting for about 43.3%). There are few Phytophthora-resistant soybean varieties in South China. It is necessary to breed and extend resistant cultivars(lines).

    • Monitoring for insecticide resistance of melon fly populations in the field of Southern China

      2015, 36(4):76-80. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2015.04.014

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      Abstract:【Objective】To identify the insecticide resistance of melon fly,Bactrocera cucurbitae,to the commonly used pesticides, and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and resistance management of melon fly populations.【Method】 The melon fly populations were collected from Guangzhou, Zhanjiang,Maoming,Qingyuan,Nanning,Changsha,Wuxi from June to October in 2013. The insecticide resistances of melon fly to six different types of pesticides (trichlorphon, cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, emamectin benzoate, abamectin, spinosad) were tested with residual film method.【Result and conclusion】 The insecticide resistance ratios of melon fly population from Guangzhou and Wuxi to trichlorphon were 2.03 and 2.14 respectively. The resistance ratio of population from Zhanjiang to emamectin benzoate was 2.69. The above resistance ratios indicate that these populations are still susceptible. The populations collected from other areas show low-level or intermediate-level resistance to those six types of insecticides.

    • Identification of haplotypes of Cacopsylla citrisuga from Yunnan Province based on mitochondria COI sequence

      2015, 36(4):81-86. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2015.04.015

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      Abstract:【Objective】To characterize genetic diversity levels of Cacopsylla citrisuga Yang & Li collected from two regions of Yunnan Province. 【Method】 The samples of C. citrisuga from Ruili city and Shiping county were identified by the gene barcoding of the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI). The phylogenetic tree and genetic distance were obtained.【Result and conclusion】 Two haplotypes of C. citrisuga, C1 and C2 were identified. C1 was the only haplotype of the populations from Ruili city, while C1 and C2 both existed in the population from Shiping county. Unlike other previous studies of insects, the COI-based genetic diversity of C. citrisuga was extremely low, with the maximum sequence divergence being only 0.16%. The COI fragment can be used to distinguish C. citrisuga from the other four Cacopsylla species successfully.

    • The effects of Meloidogyne enterolobii on the growth of seven tomato varieties

      2015, 36(4):87-90. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2015.04.016

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      Abstract:【Objective】To explore the minimum inoculation quantity of Meloidogyne enterolobii to tomato and to evaluate the inoculation quantity effects on the growth and pathogenicity of 7 tomato varieties. 【Method】 The tomato plants were potted in the greenhouse.Ten different gradient suspensions of the second instar larvae were set and inoculated to tomatoes by root-drenching method. The height,ground fresh mass of tomato, the number of root-knots, the number of eggs and the number of juveniles within roots were measured to determine the pathogenicity after sixty days inoculation. 【Result and conclusion】 The results showed that the minimum inoculation quantity reached or over 0.08 of the second instar larvae of M.enterolobii in each cm3 soil, which means strong pathogenicity compared to other species of Meloidogune. The strong pathogenicity of M.enterolobii can cause serious damage to both resistant and susceptible tomato cultivars.

    • Breeding of Athelia rolfsii strain with high polysaccharide yield by protoplast fusion

      2015, 36(4):91-97. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2015.04.017

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      Abstract:【Objective】To breed Athelia rolfsii strain with high yield of polysaccharide and low yield of oxalic acid. 【Method】 The protoplast fusion technique was adopted with original strain AY6657741 and parental strains of high polysaccharide yield Ar-1 and Ar-2, which were screened from AY6657741 by NTG with UV. The orthogonal test was designed to obtain the optimal conditions for preparation of protoplast fusion strains.【Result and conclusion】 The Ar-1 and Ar-2 were suspended by 5.56 mmol·L-1 β-mercaptoethanol. Osmotic pressure stabilizer was 0.4 mol·L-1 KCl. Ar-1 and Ar-2 were hydrolyzed by 3.1 mg·mL-1 compound enzyme (2% cellulase, 2% snailase, 4% lywallzyme) for 55 min at pH 5.5, under the 32 ℃ condition. Protoplast formation rate and regeneration rate were 93.534% and 18.921% respectively. A strain, named AY-3, with high polysaccharide yield and low oxalic acid yield was screened by protoplast fusion under the condition of 0.4 g·mL-1 polyethylene glycol 6000 for 25 min at 30 ℃. Compared with Athelia Rolfsii AY6657741, the polysaccharide yield of strain AY-3 increased by 54.42%(24.673 g·L-1), and oxalic acid yield reduced by 43.57%(0.281 g·L-1).

    • Prediction of potential distributions of Bretschneidera sinensis, an rare and endangered plant species in China

      2015, 36(4):98-104. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2015.04.018

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      Abstract:【Objective】The present study aimed to investigate the geographical distribution pattern and predict the potential distribution range of Bretschneidera sinensis, a rare Tertiary tree species in China.【Method】 A maximum entropy algorithm modelling program (Maxent) and GIS software systems of DIVA-GIS 7.4.0 and ARCGIS 9.1 were used to construct ENM based on 110 occurrences in 13 provinces or regions and 19 climatic factors in 1950—2000 and the 2070s.【Result and conclusion】Bretschneidera sinensis exists in subtropical evergreen broadleaved forests, evergreen needle-leaved forests or deciduous broadleaved forests in middle mountain regions at an altitude between 500 to 2 000 m, with a warm temperature and abundant precipitation. The most suitable habitat was predicted to be located in the ranges of Mts. Nanling, Mts. Luoxiaoshan and Mts. Mufushan. The most suitable environmental conditions for B. sinensis were revealed to be characterized by the precipitation of the warmest quarter with an average rainfull between 500 and 2 750 mm and a day-night temperature difference between 7.8-9.8 ℃. With the global climate change, the potential distribution range of B. sinensis shows a trend to move northwards in response to global warming. Therefore, environmental and climatic factors involved in the geographical distribution and endangered status of B. sinensis have been analyzed. Accordingly, conservation strategies are suggested for in situ and ex situ conservation of B. sinensis.

    • Retrieval of typical subtropical crop canopy SPAD value in South China using GF-1 remote sensing image

      2015, 36(4):105-111. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2015.04.019

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      Abstract:【Objective】The purpose of this paper was to explore the retrieval of typical subtropical crop SPAD value in South China with the domestic high resolution satellite image, using Zengcheng Teaching and Research Station for field experiments. 【Method】 According to the GF-1 remote sensing data and corresponding subtropical crops measured data on October 1, 2013, the models between vegetation index and typical crop canopy SPAD value were built. In order to get the best regression model for retrieval of subtropical crop canopy related to contents of chlorophyll in South China, the linear and nonlinear relations were found between the nine types of vegetation indices and crop canopy SPAD value.【Result and conclusion】 The results showed that seven types of vegetation indices had an extremely significant correlation with typical subtropical crop canopy SPAD value, and the ratio vegetation index exponential regression model (Y=31.445e 0.141X) provided the best model for retrieving subtropical crop canopy SPAD value (R 2=0.889, and fitting precision=92.75%), which indicates ratio vegetation index is feasible to retrieve large range of typical subtropical crop canopy SPAD value in the study area.

    • Variations in quality ingredients and primary enzymes activities of Sichuan dark tea during post-fermentation

      2015, 36(4):112-116. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2015.04.020

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      Abstract:【Objective】The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in quality ingredients and primary enzyme activities of Sichuan dark tea during post-fermentation.【Method】The quality ingredients and primary enzyme activities of Sichuan dark tea were monitored during the entire post-fermentation using national standard measuring methods and some common measuring methods.【Result and conclusion】The results showed that except for caffeine, the contents of polyphenols, catechins, theaflavins, thearubigins, theabrowns, cellulase, pectin, protein, amino acid, soluble pectin, and soluble sugar declined by 69.2%, 43.7%, 79.3%, 81.7%, 52.4%, 9.6%, 60.0%, 62.3%, 66.2%, 32.2%, and 37.2%, respectively, in the process of post-fermentation. The activities of polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, cellulase and pectinase increased to the maximum on the 19th, 12th, 17th and 17th day of post-fermentation process, respectively, and they increased by 246%, 371%, 371% and 223%, respectively, compared with the beginning of post-fermentation. The variation of the quality ingredients and primary enzymes of Sichuan dark tea during post-fermentation is complex, which contributes to the formation of quality characteristics of Sichuan dark tea.

    • Effects of 1-methylcyclopropene on the storage quality and the postharvest physiology of seedless wampee fruit

      2015, 36(4):117-122. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2015.04.021

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      Abstract:【Objective】The effects of 1-methylcyclopropene(1-MCP) treatments on storage quality and the postharvest physiology of seedless wampee, Clausena lansium, fruits were studied.【Method】The seedless wampee fruits grown in Guangdong Province were treated with 1-MCP (0.1 and 1.0 μL·L-1 ) and stored at 25 ℃ for 10 days. The quality and physiology of fruits were investigated during the storage.【Result and conclusion】The respiration rate of fruit rose remarkably during storage, but no respiration climax was observed, which suggested that wampee fruit belonged to the later respiratory rising fruit. 1-MCP treatments at two levels of concentrations increased the good fruit rate and the edible rate of wampee fruits, maintained the fruit firmness, and decreased titratable acid and vitamin C contents. 1-MCP treatments also inhibited ethylene production and delayed the rise of respiration rate, delaying the decrease of SOD and POD activities and the increase of both cell membrane permeability and malondialdehyde content in fruit peel during the storage. 1.0 μL·L-1 1-MCP is a more effective treatment.

    • Cloning and prokaryotic expression of the full-length cDNA of CDPK gene from Leymus chinensis

      2015, 36(4):123-128. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2015.04.022

      Abstract (1505) HTML (532) PDF 2.21 M (1256) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:【Objective】Cloning and prokaryotic expression ofCDPK gene from Leymus chinensis would help to further study the function of it, which could probe into its molecule mechanism how L. chinensis adapts itself to the saline-alkali habitat and provide a theoretical basis.【Method】CDPK gene of L. chinensis was cloned by RT-PCR and RACE technology, which was named Lc-CDPK. By constructing prokaryotic expression vector of CDPK gene and transforming it into Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) with IPTG induction, the expression of CDPK protein was analyzed by SDS-PAGE.【Result and conclusion】 The full-length cDNA sequence of CDPK gene was 1 704 bp with a 1 647 bp ORF (open reading frame) encoding 548 amino acids, and the amino acids from 81 to 339 formed the S-TKc structural domains possessing catalytic activity of serine/threonine protein kinase and having four conservative EF hand structural domains. A comparison with the nucleotide sequence of coding region of L. chinensis and those of other graminaceous crops showed that it has a close similarity with CDPK gene of wheat, sharing at identity of 96%. The relative molecular mass of prokaryotic expressed fusion protein was 61 350 by IPTG induction, which matched up with the anticipated theoretical value. The induced protein reached the highest level at 7 hours of induction, accounting for 49.1% in the total bacterial proteins.

    • Synthesis and biological activities of maganesium(II) complex with 5-(chloromethyl)salicylaldehyde-tyrosine

      2015, 36(4):129-136. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2015.04.023

      Abstract (1440) HTML (355) PDF 1.78 M (1504) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:【Objective】To synthesize a novel Schiff base, 5-(chloromethyl)salicylaldehyde-tyrosine and its maganesium(II) complex with methanol solvent. 【Method】 The ligand and complex were characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, IR, UV and TG-DTA. Antibacterial activity, SOD activity of the complex and its interaction with bovine serum albumin (BSA) were examined by filter paper method, photoreduction of nitro-blue tetrazolium (NBT) and fluorescence quenching technique, respectively. 【Result and conclusion】 The ligand and complex formula were K2L·3H2O(L=C17H14NO4Cl2-) and K[MnL(CH3 3COO)]·2H2O, respectively. The nitrogen atom of imino group and the oxygen atoms of phenol group and carboxyl group in the ligand and one acetate ion were coordinated with the central metal Mn(Ⅱ). The antibacterial experiments in vitro showed that the complex had higher antibacterial activity than the Schiff base. The antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli as a gram-negative bacterium was higher than Staphylococcus aureus as a gram-positive bacterium. The complex had high SOD activity and its IC50 value was 1.616 μmol·L-1. The complex effectively quenches the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA via static quenching mechanism, and forming a ground-state complex with BSA. The number of binding sites (n) and the binding constant (KA) at 25 ℃ are about 1 and 1.62×106 L·mol-1 respectively, and non-radiation energy is transferred red from BSA to the complex possibly.