SHU Gang , LI Wei , GAO Ping , WANG Lina , WANG Songbo , ZHANG Shouquan , WU Tongshan , LI Yan , JIANG Qingyan , ZHU Xiaotong
2015, 36(5):1-6. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2015.05.001
Abstract:【Objective】This study investigated the carcass trait and meat quality of the F1 generation of a Chinese indigenous pig breed Lantang and a typical lean pig breed Landrace. 【Method】Each group contained 8 pigs with 4 males and 4 females. These pigs were fed with the same diet to 180 days of age and slaughted to compare the carcass trait, meat quality and myosin heavy chain mRNAs expression in longissimus dorsi muscles. 【Result and conclusion】There were no significant differences of carcass trait between Lantang×Landrace pigs and Landrace × Lantang pigs. As for the meat quality, the intramuscular fat of longissimus dorsi muscle in Lantang×Landrace pigs was significantly higher than that in Landrace×Lantang pigs. The intramuscular fat of longissimus dorsi muscle in barrows was also significantly higher than that in sows. According to the fatty acids profile in longissimus dorsi muscle, it could be found that the Lantang×Landrace pigs had a higher percentage of arachidonic acid (C20∶4) than Landrace × Lantang pigs. However, no significant differences of the fiber type and inosine monophosphate content in longissimus dorsi muscle were found among the F1 generations. Further more, the mRNA expression of MyHC-I, MyHC-IIa, MyHC-IIb or MyHC-IIx genes in longissimus dorsi muscle showed no significant differences between breeds, genders and breed×gender. These results demonstrate that the Lantang×Landrace pigs have a higher intramuscular fat and arachidonic acid concent, which suggest that the Lantang×Landrace pigs may have a better meat quality and nutrient value.
ZHOU Junyun , XI Qianyun , GUAN Lizeng , JIANG Qingya , WU Zhenfang , ZHANG Yongliang
2015, 36(5):7-11. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2015.05.002
Abstract:【Objective】This study investigated the inheritance analysis of foreign genes in transgenic pigs produced previously by using incubation of sperm and lentivirus. 【Method】Transgenic pigs were reproduced by mating with wildtype pigs, and their offsprings of transgenic G1 and G2 were examined for inheritance of foreign gene with PCR and Southern-blot methods. 【Result and conclusion】The results showed that PCR-positive rate was 25.42%(15/59) and 46.67%(7/15) in G1 and G2 respectively. In the 13 tissues of the 12 positive transgenic pigs, the foreign genes were found in many tissues;RT-PCR detection showed 66.67%(24/36)tissue samples from stomach, pituitary and hypothalamus of positive pigs represented foreign gene expression. The results indicate foreign genes of G0 pigs produced by incubation of sperm and lentivirus can be integrated in the pig genome and transmitted to their offsprings.
YE Cundong , HU Jingsi , JIA Kun , LI Lutao , LIU Rongchang , TU Liqing , SUN Lingshuang , LI Shoujun
2015, 36(5):12-17. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2015.05.003
Abstract:【Objective】To find specific affinity peptide which inhibited replication of canine influenza virus(CIV),and the ligands on the CIV Hemagglutinin HA1 subunits were screened from the phage display random library.【Method】The CIV Hemagglutinin HA1 subunits as the target were screened out through affinity selection from the heptapeptide phage library, and the affinity peptide which possessed anti-viral properties of H3N2 subtype of influenza virus were tested in chicken embryos or vitro.【Result and conclusion】After four rounds of affinity panning, six peptides were identified. Six peptides have various degrees of an antiviral activity of H3N2 subtype in vitro or vivo, especially the peptide HA-4,which shows the strongest antiviral activity.Experimental results show that the phage random peptide library technology can be used in the antiviral research.
LIU Cuicui , MA Sisi , WANG Jiaying , WU Yunyan , YI Lin , ZHAO Mingqiu , CHEN Jinding
2015, 36(5):18-25. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2015.05.004
Abstract:【Objective】To harvest a kind of live vaccine of Brucella melitensis with less virulence, the novel B. melitensis live vaccine was constructed through homologous recombination.【Method】 M5 and M5-Δbp26 were used as the parental strains. znuA gene was knocked out through the recombined suicide plasmid. The biological characteristic of mutant strains was examined by inspecting and annlyzing the growth curve, stability of generating the virulence in Balb/c mice.【Result and conclusion】 The results of PCR amplification and sequencing showed that two types of genic deleted mutant strains were constructed successfully, which were designated as M5-ΔznuA and M5-Δbp26-ΔznuA. Compared with the parental strain M5, these two mutant stains had the growing characteristics similar to M5 and possessed a stable genic generation. Based on the mass and counts of spleen of Balb/c,the results demonstrated that M5-Δbp26-ΔznuA exhibited the lowest virulence among all strains, followed by M5-ΔznuA and M5-Δbp26. The quantity of specific antibody of serum revealed that the ability to induce humoral immune reaction was not affected by znuA deletion. In this study, two gene deletion mutants of B. melitensis live vaccine have been yielded, and they might be a new candidate vaccine.
LIU Zhiling , WU Xiaowei , KANG Wei , ZHU Daozhong , LIU Zhongyong , CHEN Zengrong , GUO Xiaofeng
2015, 36(5):26-30. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2015.05.005
Abstract:【Objective】The objective of this study was to establish a rapid assay to detect complex vertebral malformation (CVM)gene carrier so as to gradually eliminate CVM gene carriers for a lower loss in the cattle-feeding industry.【Method】 In this study, a pair of primer and two TaqMan probes were designed according to the sequence of SLC35A3 gene from GenBank. A TaqMan real-time PCR assay for CVM gene was developed. DNA samples from clinical Holstein cattles were analysed by the assay, and the results were used for comparison with sequencing method.【Result and conclusion】 The assay could effectively differentiate mutant type, wild type and hybrid type of CVM gene. The sensitivity of three types was 1×103,5×103 and 1×104 μL-1, respectively.Six out of 292 tested Holstein cattles were identified to be CVM gene carriers. The results were consistent with the sequencing method.The TaqMan real-time PCR is a rapid and reliable method for extensive screening of CVM gene at the port of entry.
YANG Song , ZHONG Jingren , ZHAO Liulan , YANG Jinwei , WU Hao , ZHANG Jiaen
2015, 36(5):31-35. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2015.05.006
Abstract:【Objective】To study the salt tolerance of black and yellow golden apple snails, Pomacea canaliculata. 【Method】The acute toxicity test was taken to observe golden apple snails’ behaviors under salinity stress. The 50% lethal concentration (LC50) values were calculated. Golden apple snails cultivation experiments at low salinities (0, 5 and 10 g·L-1) lasting 1 month were did to obtain their growth and survival parameters. 【Result and conclusion】 The black and yellow golden apple snails were inhibited immediately with hermetization of their mantle cavity when they were put into high saline artificial water (15 and 20 g·L-1). Snails escaped from unfavourable conditions with slow response under the medium salt stress (10 g·L-1). At the low salt stress (5 g·L-1), the snails crawled leisurely with sensitive response and movement, just like the control. The regression equation of yellow snail between the mortality at 48 h and the salt concentration was y=4.143x-14.762 (R2=0.842), LC50 =15.632 g·L-1; while black snail at 48 h: y=3.958x-13.152 (R2=0.866), LC50=15.956 g·L-1. Low salinity (0, 5, 10 g·L-1) aquaculture growth experiments showed that 2 shell colored snails in the salinity 10 g·L-1 had the highest mortality after 1 month growth. The absolute growth mass were 0.954, 1.278 and 0.683 g for yellow snail at salt concentration of 0, 5 and 10 g·L-1 respectively, while 0.845, 1.073 and 0.877 g for the black snail. They both expressed negative growth at the beginning of sampling, and expressed excellence growth at 5 g·L-1. The research suggest that golden apple snails can tolerate certain salt stress, which means they can grow well in salt water with lower salinity. This phenomenon demonstrates a possibility of invasive risk for estuaries.
FENG Faqiang , WANG Guohua , WANG Qingfeng , YANG Ruichun , LI Xiaoqin
2015, 36(5):36-42. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2015.05.007
Abstract:【Objective】To identify the polymorphisms of functional markers for the key carotenoids biosynthetic genes PSY1, LCYE and CrtRB1 in sweet corn and their effects on the contents of carotenoid for a better understanding of the functions of these genes so as to provide a reference and basis for bio-fortification breeding of pro-vitamin A.【Method】The contents of carotenoid components were measured by HPLC in 47 sweet corn elite inbred lines. Six functional markers for PSY1, LCYE and CrtRB1 genes were synthesized and amplified to detect the genotypes of these lines. The effects of single gene haplotype and joint haplotype were analyzed using the functional polymorphic sites of PSY1,LCYE, and CrtRB1 genes together with the carotenoid content variation.【Result and conclusion】The polymorphism was detected in 5 functional markers except for indel4 for CrtRB1. The haplotype with Indel1and Indel4 for PSY1 could explain 14.81% of the zeaxanthin content variation and 13.00% of the total carotenoid content variation. The haplotype with 5′Indel and 3′Indel for LCYE could explain 15.77% of β-carotene content variation, 20.75% of pro-vitamin A content variation and 15.92% of the total carotenoids content variation. No significant effect was detected in the haplotype of CrtRB1. The joint haplotype of PSY1, LCYE and CrtRB1 could explain 37.20% of β-carotene content variation, 40.71% of pro-vitamin A content variation and 41.11% of the total carotenoids content variation. The joint effect of PSY1, LCYE and CrtRB1 was higher than that of single gene. PSY1 and LCYE genes are important in the biosynthesis of carotenoid.Their functional markers can be used in the molecular-assisted selection and provide a theoretical basis for bio-fortification of pro-vitamin A in sweet corn by breeding.
LAN Bixiu , WU Zikai , WANG Lin , YANG Lichao , YANG Liyan , HE Yongqiang , JIANG Bole
2015, 36(5):43-47. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2015.05.008
Abstract:【Objective】Triacylgycerol (TAG) is the main oil ingredient of oil-bearing crops. Diacylgycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) is the sole crucial rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis process of triacylgycerol. The effect of DGAT gene on the oil content of super-high oil corn was investigated to improve the oil content of super-high oil corn.【Method】DGAT1-2 gene was transferred into super-high oil corn inbred lines by pollen-tube-pathway. Transgenic plants were obtained through screening with PCR among T1 generation potted plants at the 5-6-leaf stage. Transgenic plants were verified by Southern-blotting. The average oil content of transgenic T2 seeds was analyzed by the t-test.【Result and conclusion】One hundred and sixty-three putative transgenic plants were obtained through screening with PCR among a large number of T1 generation potted plants at the 5-6-leaf stage. Twenty-nine transgenic plants were verified by Southern-blotting. The average transformation rate was 1.44%. The seeds of 10 transgenic T2 plants were harvested by self-pollination. The average oil content of transgenic T2seeds was significantly higher than that of the non-transgenic plants by the t-test (P<0.01), with the increase rate being 6.19%. The results provide a new practical and effective approach to improve the oil content of super high oil corn.
LI Zhong , JIANG Ligeng , TANG Ronghua , XIONG Faqian , TANG Xiumei , JIANG Jing , HE Liangqiong , ZHONG Ruichun , HAN Zhuqiang
2015, 36(5):48-53. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2015.05.009
Abstract:【Objective】To analyze peanut root exudates and study the allelopathic effects of peanut root exudates. 【Method】Compounds extracted from peanut root exudates were identified by GC-MS technique. The allelopathic effects of peanut root exudates on the peanut seeding growth were analyzed using biological test at the concentrations of 0,1×10-5,1×10-4 and 1×10-3 mol·L-1.【Result and conclusion】The peanut root exudates included organic acid, alcohol, ester, ketone, aldehyde, benzene, hydrocarbon and so on. Benzaldehyde and 4-ethylbenzoic acid, which showed an allelopathic effect on peanut, were found to be the major components of peanut root exudates. 1×10-5mol·L-1 Benzaldehyde,4-ethylbenzoic acid and ferulic acid promoted or weakly inhibited peanut seeding stem length, root length, dry mass of root and shoot. Compared with the control, 1×10-3 and 1×10-4 mol·L-1 benzaldehyde,4-ethylbenzoic acid and ferulic acid significantly inhibited peanut seedling growth (P<0.05).The SOD activity, POD activity and MDA content of two peanut varieties leaf showed a rising trend to varying degrees at different concentration levels of benzaldehyde, 4-ethylbenzoic acid and ferulic acid,and there was significant difference between the high concentration treatment (1×10-3 mol·L-1)and the control (P<0.05). In conclusion, there are allelophathic substances in peanut root exudates, which is one of the main factors of continuous cropping barrier of peanut.
WANG Jun , CHEN Xian , GUI Pi , WANG Limei , ZHONG Xiujuan , MAO Xiaoyun
2015, 36(5):54-60. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2015.05.010
Abstract:【Objective】To reduce the environmental risk of heavy metals in land utilization of sewage sludge.【Method】The speciation and concentration of heavy metals were investigated in a batch system by considering the effects of various parameters including carbonizing temperature and time. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate effects of different sludge biochar on the growth and heavy metal accumulation of maize plant.【Result and conclusion】The pyrolysis temperature was a key factor to affect the speciation and concentration of heavy metals in biochar.Increasing pyrolysis temperature might cause the increase of the total metal contents in biochar. There were the highest increases in the concentrations of Cu,Zn,Pb and Ni at 350-500 ℃,while Cd and Cr at 200 ℃; The ratio of exchangeable and carbonate bound heavy metals in carbonized products, which had high environmental risk, significantly reduced when increasing pyrolysis temperature,but the concentration was independent. The optimal pyrolysis temperature was 350 ℃ for passivating Cu,Zn,Cd and Ni, but 500 ℃ for passivating Pb. The pot experiment results exhibited that application of pyrolytic sludge significantly promoted maize plant growth.The higher pyrolysis temperature and longer time under a certain condition, the more significant the effect was. Compared to raw sludge,appropriate carbonized sludge can significantly reduce accumulation of heavy metals of maize plant,which reduces the risk of heavy metals into the food chain.
ZHANG Bowen , ZOU Chunhua , DONG Tingyan , HU Qiongbo
2015, 36(5):61-66. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2015.05.011
Abstract:【Objective】To identify the taxonomic of IfB01 strain, which was isolated from tobacco whitefly, and to optimize its sporulation conditions.【Method】Identification of IfB01 strain was based on morphological analysis and genetic homology analysis of ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA sequence and β-tubulin DNA genes. The effects of culture medium, moisture content, pH, amount of inoculation and metallic element on conidial yield were studied. The sporulation conditions were optimized according to the above-mentioned effects.【Result and conclusion】The morphological structure of IfB01 strain was similar to that of Isaria fumosorosea, including colony morphology, conidia and sporulation structure. Analysis of ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA sequence and β-tubulin DNA sequences indicated that IfB01 strain shared similarity over 97% with Isaria fumosorosea and Paecilomyces javanicus. The strain was identified as I. fumosorosea. Basic media and their ratios, moisture content, pH, inoculum dosages and metallic elements could generate significant influences on the conidiospore production. The sporulation quantity of each gram of corn flour and wheat bran mixed medium was 6.07×10 9,which was the most suitable medium for sporulation. When the ratio of corn flour and wheat bran was 5∶5, the moisture content of the medium was 42%, the inoculation amount was 6 mL bacteria liquid of each 20 g medium, the highest spore quantity was achieved. A wide range of pH from 5 to 8 could be adapted. However, metallic elements did not seem to promote sporulation, on the contrary, magnesium, iron, sodium and calcium could inhibit conidia production.
LIU Guofang , JIANG Rong , SU Huizhao , NIU Xiangna , YU Yanhua , JIANG Wei , HE Yongqiang
2015, 36(5):67-74. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2015.05.012
Abstract:【Objective】Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae(Xoo) is the causal agent of rice bacterial leaf blight disease. The type III secretion system (T3SS) and type III secretion effectors (T3SEs) play important roles in the pathogenesis of this phytopathogen. The gene PXO_03420 of Philippines strain Xoo PXO99A is annotated as hpaF gene, which was predicted to encode T3SE gene with leucine-rich repeat domains. The purpose of the study is to identify the function of gene PXO_03420(hpaF), which can provide theoretical supports for the study of type III secretion effectors of Xoo.【Method】 The hpaF gene deletion mutant was constructed by homologous double exchange mutational method. The mutant was subjected to phenotypic analysis, virulence assays and genetic complementation experiments.【Result and conclusion】 It was found that the virulence of hpaF gene mutant on rice, Oryza sativa L. japonica cv. Nipponbare, was reduced by 51.81% compared with the wild type strain, and the hypersensitive response (HR) induction of the mutant on the leaves of non-host castor oil plant, Ricinus communis, was significantly weakened. The intact coding region of hpaF carried by pLAFR3 could partly complement the virulence of mutant to the level of wild type strain. This study demonstrates that hpaF gene is required for full virulence of Xoo.
LI Zihao , FU Jiantao , ZHANG Zhixiang
2015, 36(5):75-79. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2015.05.013
Abstract:【Objective】To study the toxic activity of root bark extract of Tripterygium wilfordii and its bait against Solenopsis invicta worker ants.【Method】The active substance was extracted by ethanol from the root bark of T.wilfordii and the bait was prepared. Toxic activities of T.wilfordii ethanol extract and its bait to red imported fire ants were obtained by water tube method.【Result and conclusion】After 10 days of treatment, the workers mortality were 6.67%, 30.00%, 56.67% and 70.00% at the extract concentration of 0.023 9, 0.047 8, 0.239 0 and 0.478 0 g·L-1 respectively, which were significantly higher than that of the mortality of control. The results tested by bait method showed that, unlike the large ant workers, the mortality of small workers was seriously affected by the concentration of the extracts. Treated by 0、0.0478 and 0.095 6 g·L-1 bait for 10 days, the workers attack rates were 90.00%, 66.67% and 70.00%, grasping rates were 83.33%, 60.00% and 56.67%, climbing rates were 93.33%, 73.33% and 73.33% respectively. The root bark extract of T.wilfordii and bait have good insecticidal activity against red imported fire ants under indoor conditions, which can inhibit the activity ability of red imported fire ants. T.wilfordii is expected to become a new chemical agent to control red imported fire ants.
GUO Qiu , DANG Fang , HE Zhan , REN Shunxiang , QIU Baoli
2015, 36(5):80-84. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2015.05.014
Abstract:【Objective】To investigate the development and morphology of two dominant parasitoids Eretmocerus furuhashii and Encarsia bimaculata of Bemisia tabaci in South China. 【Method】The postembryonal development and ontogeny morphology of two aphelinid parasitoids were investigated by anatomy and microphotograph.【Result and conclusion】Both parasitoid species experienced seven stages in one generation, including egg, 1-3 instar larvae, prepupae, pupae and adults, but the developmental time of Er. furuhashii was obviously longer than that En. bimaculata. With the developmental time increased, the body length and width and head of length and width of both parasitoids enlarged. In general, the body and head length and the body and head width of Er. furuhashii were all significantly larger than those of En. bimaculata.
CHEN Shan , WANG Xiaochen , KUANG Jianfei , CHEN Jianye , LU Wangjin
2015, 36(5):85-91. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2015.05.015
Abstract:【Objective】The relationship between the expression patterns of CsHSFs genes and the chilling tolerance of cucumber fruits treated by heat shock and cold acclimation treatments were analyzed.【Method】 Relative electrolyte leakages, total soluble solids (TSS), contents of chlorophyll and color in cucumber fruits pre-treated by heat shock (pre-treated by 50 ℃ hot water for 1 min) or cold acclimation (pre-storage at 15 ℃ for 2 day) were investigated during low temperature storage (8 ℃), and the expression of CsHSFs gene was determined using qRT-PCR.【Result and conclusion】 The results showed that the pretreatments with heat shock and cold acclimation enhanced the chilling tolerance in cucumber fruit, reflected by inhiting increase in relative electrolyte leakages and a decrease in chlorophyll contents in heat shock or cold acclimation-treated fruits, with a stronger effect created by cold acclimation treatment. There was no significant difference in TSS content between the two treatments. Moreover, the expression levels of CsHSF7 and CsHSF11 genes significantly increased in heat shock and cold acclimation treatments compared to the control, suggesting that they were likely to get closely involved in the chilling tolerance induced by heat shock and cold acclimation in cucumber fruits. However, CsHSF7 and CsHSF11 genes might participate in the response to chilling with different mechanisms, as CsHSF7 showed transcriptional activation in yeast cells, while CsHSF11 did not.
ZHAO Qin , XIE Dasen , HE Xiaoming , LUO Shaobo , PENG Qingwu
2015, 36(5):92-98. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2015.05.016
Abstract:【Objective】Isolation and identification of resistance gene analogs (RGAs) of Lagenaria siceraria would lay the foundation for a further cloning of disease resistance genes and marker-assisted selection (MAS) of resistance breeding. 【Method】According to the conserved domains of nucleotide binding site and leucine rich repeat (NBS-LRR) type of disease-resistance genes in most known plants, degenerate primers were designed and synthesized to isolate resistance gene analogs from genomic DNA of bottle gourd resistant variety “Dazihu”, with length variation, conservative domain, homology alignment and phylogenetics analyzed by various bioinformatics softwares. 【Result and conclusion】Twenty three RGAs were obtained and named as HNB1-HNB23, and the GenBank accession numbers were KJ908192-KJ908214. Sequences analyses and alignment results indicated that the full-length of RGAs varied from 242 nt to 261 nt, and the deduced amino acids sequences contained typical conserved domains of NBS R genes, such as P-loop and Kinase-2a. Eighteen sequences had continuous open reading frames (ORFs). These RGAs showed a great homologous differences with the similarity ranging from 41.5% to 98.8%, and the amino acid sequence similarity varied from 21.5% to 100.0%. At the nucleotide level, the sequence identity of 23 RGAs ranged from 40% to 100% with the cloned NBS R genes from other plants, especially cucumber, wax gourd, luffa and calabash. The result of clustering analyses showed that all RGAs were divided into 5 groups. These RGAs were ranked into non-TIR-NBS-LRR type by homology and evolution analyses, which was consistent with the classification result based on multiple alignment of deduced amino acid sequences.
SHUAI Liang , XUE Xiaoqing , NIU Jiajia , GU Yujuan , HAN Dongmei , WU Zhenxian
2015, 36(5):99-104. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2015.05.017
Abstract:【Objective】Changes in the contents of sucrose, glucose and fructose, the activity of fructokinase (FRK) and its gene expression during the development of longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour. cv. Shixia) fruit aril were studied. 【Method】 Sugar contents were determinated using HPLC, and the FRK activity was analyzed using colorimetric method. Real-time qPCR was used to analyze the expression of DlFRK gene. Prokaryotic expression vector was constructed using in-fusion method to express DlFRK gene in Escherichia coli Rosetta (DE3).【Result and conclusion】 The results showed that the contents of sucrose, glucose and fructose in the aril increased gradually with the development of longan fruits, and they tended to become stable at the mature stage. The fructokinase activity decreased gradually from 25.97 μmol·g-1·h-1 to 13.18 μmol·g-1·h-1 at the early stages before maturation, and increased during maturation to 22.44 μmol·g-1·h-1 at full maturity. Quantitative RT-PCR analyses showed that the expression of fructokinase gene was relatively stable at the early stages, but it declined during the aril expanding period with a rapid sugar accumulation. The result of SDS-PAGE showed that pET-32a-DlFRK prokaryotic expression vector has been constructed. Gene expression has been successfully induced by IPTG in E.coil BL21.
ZHOU Xiangbin , ZHOU Wei , ZHOU Peng , WU Linying , LIN Wei , CHEN Xiaoyang
2015, 36(5):105-110. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2015.05.018
Abstract:【Objective】The purpose of this study was to investigate the geographic variation among different provenances of Toona sinensis seed traits. 【Method】 Eight phenotypic traits of seeds from different provenances collected from 35 counties in 11 provinces were analyzed. 【Result and conclusion】 The results showed there were significant differences among the different provenances in the traits of seed full length, seed wing length, seed length, seed width, seed thickness, ratio of seed length/width, ratio of seed width/thickness and 100-seed mass. The variation coefficients of ratio of seed length/width was the biggest, and the ratio of seed width/thickness was the smallest, which was 11.16% and 5.64% respectively. The repeatability of 100-seed mass was the biggest, and the seed width/thickness ratio was the smallest, which was 98.1% and 75.5% respectively. Seed length was significantly positively correlated with longitude; seed length and ratio of seed length/width were significantly negatively correlated with latitude. The trend of geographic variation showed that seed sizes decreased from southwest to northeast. Seed thickness was significantly negatively correlated with altitude, but positively correlated with ratio of seed length/width. Seed thickness and 100-seed mass were significantly negatively correlated with average annual temperature, but positively correlated with average annual precipitation, respectively. Seed length and ratio of seed length/width were significantly positively correlated with average annual sunshine time, but seed thickness was significantly negatively correlated with average annual sunshine time. 100-seed mass was negatively correlated with ratio of seed width/thickness, but not significantly correlated with ratio of seed length/width. Seed width was significantly positively correlated with seed thickness, but not significantly correlated with seed full length, seed wing length, and seed length. According to the cluster analyses of the 8 traits of T. sinensis, the 35 provenances can be divided into 5 types.
HU Jiaxin , LI Ruiping , ZHU Wen , XU Yilin , XI Ruchun
2015, 36(5):111-116. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2015.05.019
Abstract:【Objective】 The purpose of this study was to explain photosynthetic characteristics of the leaves of Camellia gauchowensis, providing a theoretical basis and technical guidance for the selection of fine resources, as well as effective management and cultivation of C. gauchowensis. 【Method】 Photosynthetic characteristics of the leaves of C. gauchowensis were determined by a LI-6400 portable photosynthesis analysis system.【Result and conclusion】 Diurnal variations in net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of the mature trees of C. gauchowensis presented a double-peak curve. The light saturation point was 1 417 μmol·m-2·s-1, with the light compensation point being 18.92 μmol·m-2·s-1, Pnmax-2·s-1. The diurnal variation in transpiration rate (Tr) of the mature trees of C. gauchowensis was characterized by a single-peak curve. The maximum of Tr of the mature trees was 3.65 mmol·m-2·s-1. The diurnal variations in intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) of C. gauchowensis presented a “U” curve in each month. The diurnal variations in water use efficiency (WUE) of mature trees presented a “down-up-down” curve all the year round. The diurnal variations in stomatal conductance (Gs) of mature trees presented a double-peak curve or a single-peak curve. In July, September, November and January, the diurnal variations in Gs of mature trees were both double-peak curves, and in March it was single-peak curves. Photosynthetically-active radiation, air temperature, atmospheric CO2 concentration, Tr and Gs were the main factors which influence the Pn of C. gauchowensis.
QIAO Tianmin , LI Shujiang , HAN Shan , ZHU Tianhui , WANG Shushan
2015, 36(5):117-124. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2015.05.020
Abstract:【Objective】The dynamic change of phosphate-solubilizing ability of Pseudomonas vancouverensis strain PAN4 under different culture conditions and the effects of growth promotion and the photosynthetic characteristics of walnut, Juglans sigllata, seedlings were studied. 【Method】 The phosphate-solubilizing property was studied in liquid Pikovskaya medium (PVK). The influences of carbon source, nitrogen source, initial pH and temperature on phosphate-solubilizing of P. vancouverensis strain PAN4 were determined using a single factor test. The growth promoting effects on walnut seedlings were conducted in sterilized soil and unsterilized soil, respectively. 【Result and conclusion】 The available phosphorus content in supernatant of strain PAN4 significantly increased with time extending, with the maxium content of available phosphoru reaching a peak at 48 h. The malt and corn steep liquor was the optimal carbon source and nitrogen source, respectively. The maxium growth mass and the maxium phosphate-solubilizing ability were obtained at 28 ℃ under pH 7, and both had a significantly positive correlation. The increase of plant height, basal diameter, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and chlorophyll content correlated with the concentrations: the higher the concentration, the more increases. The effect of compound fertilizer was less than those of the bacterial inoculant with the concentrations of 108 and 10 9 cfu·mL-1. The growth promoting effect of the bacterial inoculant was better in unsterilized soil than that in sterilized soil.
LI Wei , QI Guinian , ZOU Yao , LIU Tingting , HUANG Yafang
2015, 36(5):125-129. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2015.05.021
Abstract:【Objective】To research the organoleptic quality changes and influencing factors of Sichuan brick tea during post-fermentation process.【Method】 The changes of the organoleptic quality were explored and the contents of tea polyphenol, catechin, theaflavin, thearubigin, theabrownin, soluble protein, amino acid, caffeine, water soluble pectin, soluble sugar and water extracts in the tea samples were measured. The main factors that affected the organoleptic quality changes of Sichuan brick tea during post-fermentation were explored by stepwise regression and path analysis.【Result and conclusion】 The organoleptic scores of Sichuan brick tea were remarkably correlative to the content of tea polyphenols (R=-0.957), the content of soluble sugar (R=-0.922), the content of catechin (R=-0.876), the content of soluble protein (R=-0.895), the content of theabrownin (R=-0.758), the content of water extracts (R=-0.789, P<0.01), the content of amino acids (R=-0.605), the content of thearubigins (R=-0.599) and the content of caffeine (R=-0.637, P<0.05), and the content of water soluble pectin (R=0.649,P<0.05).The main biochemical components which affected the changes of organoleptic quality were amino acid, tea polyphenol and soluble sugar.The amino acid has a directly positive influence on the organoleptic quality,but tea polyphenols and soluble sugar have a directly negative influence on the organoleptic quality.
HU Lian , YANG Weiwei , XU Yi , ZHOU Hao , LUO Xiwen , KE Xinrong , ZI Shuangfei
2015, 36(5):130-134. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2015.05.022
Abstract:【Objective】To design a GPS-based paddy field leveller and to improve the paddy field leveling and accuracy. 【Method】 GPS receiving antennae were fixed on the top of leveling scraper. The GPS data of dynamic height positioning was used as the height of the leveling scraper. The amplitude limit and recurrence average filtering algorithm and PD control algorithm were applied to control the accuracy and stability of GPS dynamic height positioning. 【Result and conclusion】 The relative standard deviation reduced from 15.8 cm to 4.7 cm. The sampling point cumulative percentage of the absolute difference value no more than 5 cm was over 85.4%. The amplitude limit and recurrence average filter algorithm reduced the error of GPS dynamic height positioning. The accuracy of GPS dynamic height positioning can meet the precision requirement for paddy field leveling. The surface smoothness of paddy field can be obviously improved.
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