Abstract:【Objective】The aims of this study were to evaluate direct and maternal genetic effects for traits at the first egg of Rugao yellow chickens with animal models, and to estimate the genetic parameters for these traits. 【Method】Reproduction data, including data for 10 454 individual animals and 31 362 reproduction records, of Rugao yellow chickens from 2009 to 2012 were collected. Four animal models with and without maternal effects were used to estimate the genetic parameters. Phenotypic variance of reproduction traits was partitioned using average information restricted maximum likelihood (AIREML) method with WOMBAT software. The models were evaluated with the likelihood ratio test. Univariate models were used to estimate heritabilities, and multivariate models were used to analyze genetic and phenotypic correlations.【Result】Maternal environment had significant influence on age at the first egg (AFE), for which the optimum model was model II and the heritability was 0.28±0.02. Maternal genetic effects had significant influence on egg mass at the first egg (EM1), for which the optimum model was model III, the direct heritability was 0.23±0.02 and the maternal genetic heritability was 0.03±0.01. Both maternal environment and maternal genetic effects had significant influence on body mass at the first egg (BM1), for which the optimum model was model IV, the heritability was 0.34±0.03 and the maternal genetic heritability was 0.04±0.01. There were negative correlations between the direct and maternal genetic effects for EM1 and BM1. The genetic correlation coefficients between AFE and BM1, AFE and EM1, and EM1 and BM1 were 0.36±0.07, 0.33±0.07, and 0.65±0.05, respectively.【Conclusion】The traits at the first egg of Rugao yellow chickens are influenced by maternal effects, and are lowly heritable.

Abstract:【Objective】To evaluate the influence of propylene ammonia acyl-glutene (Ala-Gln) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on growth, feed utilization, and muscle composition of Jian carp, Cyprinus carpio var. jian. 【Method】 Seven isoenergetic(17.0 MJ·kg^-1) and isonitrogenous (32% crude protein) feeds were formulated with varying proportions of Ala-Gln and GABA. With the 100% ratio corresponding to the optimum concentraion of Ala-Gln and GABA for Jian carp, growth (6.0 g·kg^-1Ala-Gln,90 mg·kg^-1GABA), the seven groups of feeds were formulated by scaling up or down to 0(0 g·kg^-1Ala-Gln and 0 mg·kg^-1GABA), 20%(1.2 g·kg^-1Ala-Gln and 18 mg·kg^-1GABA), 40%(2.4 g·kg^-1Ala-Gln and 36 mg·kg^-1GABA), 60%(3.6 g·kg^-1Ala-Gln and 54 mg·kg^-1GABA), 80%(4.8 g·kg^-1Ala-Gln and 72 mg·kg^-1GABA), 100%(6.0 g·kg^-1Ala-Gln and 90 mg·kg^-1GABA), and 120%(7.2 g·kg^-1Ala-Gln and 108 mg·kg^-1GABA). Jian carps with an initial individual body mass of 45.59 g were fed for 8 weeks. 【Result】Compared with the 0 control group, all the other feed groups with added Ala-Gln and GABA significantly increased the average mass gain rate and the specific growth rate for Jian carps(P<0.05). The 60% groups resulted in significantly higher feed efficiency, protein efficiency, and crude protein content in muscle compared to the control group (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference among other groups (P>0.05).【Conclusion】 Adding Ala-Gln and GABA to the feed promoted the larval growth, feed utilization and protein synthesis in the muscle for Jian carps, and the 60% group with 3.6 g·kg^-1Ala-Gln and 54 mg·kg^-1GABA had the best effects.

Abstract:【Objective】 On the basis of the establishment of a mouse lung model of Pasteurella multocida infection, the present study was conducted to characterize the pharmacokinetic properties of marbofloxacin in both healthy and infected mice, and to optimize clinical efficacy by analyzing and comparing the pharmacokinetic parameters.【Method】 Neutropenic mice were infected with P. multocida using endotracheal intubation. The lung infected and healthy mice were each administrated a single subcutaneous dose of 2 mg·kg^-1 marbofloxacin based on their body masses. Marbofloxacin concentrations in the plasma were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. The plasma drug concentration-time data were analyzed by the noncompartment model of WinNonlin5.2.1 software.【Result】For marbofloxacin in infected mice, the area under the plasma drug concentration-time curve (AUC) was 4.58 μg·mL^-1·h, the maximum concentration (C_max) was 0.97 μg·mL^-1 and mean residence time (MRT) was 5.62 h, which were all significantly higher compared to marbofloxacin in healthy mice with 1.67 μg·mL^-1·h AUC, 0.68 μg·mL^-1 C_max，and 2.63 h MRT (P<0.05). However, the apparent volume of distribution (V/F) was 3.12 L·kg^-1 and clearance (Cl/F) was 0.42 L·kg^-1·h^-1 for marbofloxacin in infected mice, both were significantly lower than those in healthy mice with 8.61 L·kg^-1 V/F and 1.07 L·kg^-1 ·h^-1Cl/F (P<0.05).【Conclusion】P. multocida infection significantly increased the AUC，C_max，MRT of marbofloxacin, reduced the V/F，Cl/F，but had no significant impact on the other pharmacokinetic parameters of marbofloxacin.

Abstract:【Objective】 In this report, strain GIM1.813 was investigated, prepared for future isolation and identification of anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bioactive products. 【Method】 According to colonial morphology, scanning electron microscopy, physiological and biochemical characteristics, and phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA genes, GIM1.813 was identified and classified. The effects of seven mediums on the active compounds producted by strain GIM1.813 were compared. The chosen medium and fermentation conditions were optimized by orthogonal experiments. 【Result】The optimal pH and temperature for strain GIM1.813 were 7.0 and 30.0 ℃, respectively, and the strain could tolerate up to 10 g·L^-1NaCl. The data of physical-chemical characteristics, chromosomal DNA G+C concents and quinines of this strain were also presented. Strain GIM1.813 grew well in all seven tested mediums, while it produced metabolites with the maximum antibacterial activity in IVY/2 medium. After fermentation optimization, the anti-MRSA activity of fermentation broth increased by 49.12% and the strain GIM1.813 grew better. 【Conclusion】 Strain GIM1.813 was classified as Corallococcus exiguous. Its ability of producing anti-MRSA bioactive components was improved significantly by fermentation optimization. Meanwhile, Mg²⁺ and starch were found to significantly improve the ability of myxobacteria to produce bioactive components.

Abstract:【Objective】To study combining ability of quality traits of new male sterile lines and new restorer lines of indica hybrid rice. 【Method】 An incomplete diallel design (NCII) was adopted. Four self-bred new male sterile lines and four new restorer lines were combined, and the combinations were planted in the early and late seasons in 2014. The quality traits of these 4×4 combinations were surveyed to analyze their combining ability. 【Result】Both general combining ability variance and specific combining ability variance were significant at 5% or 1% levels for most traits, the former was larger than the later. The contribution rates of general combining ability variances of male sterile lines were much greater than those of restorer lines regarding head rice rate, chalky rice rate, chalkiness degree, amylose content, etc. Among the male sterile lines, G Ruanhua A was excellent in most quality characters, featuring good general combining ability and great variance of specific combining ability, and had no obvious defects in other characters, so it was an excellent parent. On the other hand, character defects were found in all restorer lines. Nevertheless，Huagandao 3 had many desired traits including brown rice rate, milled rice rate, head rice rate, chalkiness degree and length/width ratio. Huahui 521 had good general combining ability and great variance of specific combining ability in terms of chalky rice rate, amylose content and gel consistency, which made it easier to obtain combinations of suitable amylose content, gel consistency and low chalky rice rate. 【Conclusion】The quality traits are controlled by both additive and non-additive effects, and the additive effect is more important. The contribution rates of additive effects of male sterile lines are much greater than those of restorer lines regarding head rice rate, chalky rice rate, chalkiness degree, amylose content, etc. However, for length/width ratio and gel consistency, the additive effects of restorer lines are greater.

Abstract:【Objective】To provide a new manufacturing method for the artificial seeds of upland cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., using axillary buds. 【Method】The axillary buds of upland cotton were used as explants. The explants were embedded by embedding solutions which were composed of different concentrations of sodium alginate and MSB after sterilization, and then immersed in different concentrations of CaCl₂ solutions to solidify and obtain artificial endosperm beads. The artificial seed coat was obtained on the outer synthetic endosperm beads which were immersed in the solution composed of high concentration of sodium alginate and methyl cellulose, and then immersed in CaCl₂ liquid. After added the bacteriostatic agent to the artificial seed coat, the seed germination experiment was done in nonsterile substrate. 【Result】The axillary buds could be made into artificial seeds after disinfection treatment, and the optimal length of explant was 5 mm. The optimal embedding program was found to be the combination of 3 % sodium alginate+MSB+0.5 mg·L^-1NAA+0.5 mg·L^-1 IBA，and solidified in 100 mmol·L^-1 CaCl₂for 20 min. The optimal combination of artificial seed coat was the solution of 4 % sodium alginate+1% methyl cellulose+1.0% sodium benzoate+0.02-0.04 mg·L^-1 penicillin+0.5 mg·L^-1 paclobutrazol, and solidified in 200 mmol·L^-1 CaCl₂ for 20 min. The germination rate of synthetic seed was 95.0 %,the rooting rate was 35.8 %.The artificial seed could germinate and grow into seedling in nonsterile substrate. 【Conclusion】A new asexual reproduction technology making artificial seed is obtained using upland cotton axillary bud, and the artificial seed can be converted into seedling in nonsterile substrate.

Abstract:【Objective】Dynamic changes of cadmium and non-protein thiols in different soybean genotypes were researched to investigate effects of non-protein thiols on Cd tolerance and accumulation of soybean.【Method】The soybean varieties of Zhonghuang24 and Huaxia3 were planted in the pots with contaminated soil. Roots, shoots and leaves were collected in different periods. Cd tolerance indexes (including root and shoot fresh mass), Cd accumulation and the concentrations of non-protein thiols ［including the total of non-protein thiol peptides (NPT), glutathione (GSH) and phytochelatins（PC）］ of soybeans in different periods were determined.【Result】The resistance indexes of Zhonghuang24 were significantly lower than those of Huaxia3 in different periods at the Cd concentration of 10 mg·kg^-1, and Cd accumulations in all organs were higher than those of Huaxia3 after flowering stage (especially at pod and mature stages). The NPT, GSH and PC concentrations increased in root and reduced in leaf along with the development progress，and the effects of non-protein thiols in Zhonghuang24 under Cd stress were stronger those of Huaxia3. The correlation analysis indicated that there was a positive correlation between thiol concentration in root and the Cd concentration in all organs，especially at mature stage. There was a negative correlation between PC concentrations in stem and leaf after flowering stage, especially more significant at pod and mature stages.【Conclusion】The concentrations of thiols and Cd in soybean organs show complex changes at different growth stages under Cd stress. Non-protein thiols play multiple roles in Cd detoxification and transportation at different growth stages.

Abstract:【Objective】To study effects of different fertilization treatments on soil microbial number, microbial biomass carbon(MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen(MBN) and microbial biomass phosphorus(MBP).【Method】Fifteen soil samples were collected from the long-term located fertilization experimental station of Shenyang Agricultural University. The effects of fertilization on microbial number and microbial biomass, and the correlation were studied using microbial culture and chloroform extraction method.【Result】Fertilization had a positive effect on microbial number and microbial biomass. The most affected soil microbes were bacteria, followed by fungi and actinomycetes.The most affected microbial biomass was MBP, followed by MBN and MBC. Among 15 treatments, organic treatment M1 had the highest number of bacteria, organic treatment M2 had the highest number of actinomycetes, and M1NPK treatment combining organic and inorganic fertilizers had the highest number of fungi. M1 had the highest number of MBC and MBN, while M2NPK with organic and inorganic fertilizers had the highest number of MBP. There was a positive correlation between MBC and microbial number.【Conclusion】Organic fertilizer significantly increases microbial number. Reducing inorganic fertilizer can increase MBC and MBN with organic and inorganic fertilizers. Appropriate application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers can promote the microbe to absorb nitrogen and phosphorus, and significantly increase MBN and MBP. Nitrogen fertilizer application can accelerate the loss of soil fertility which causes the soil to change from bacteria type to fungi type. Organic fertilizer application can increase soil fertility.

Abstract:【Objective】 To isolate bacterium strains that have strongly inhibitory effects against Lasiodiplodia theobromae, the causal agent of mulberry root rot, and test its field control efficiency.【Method】Bacterium strains were isolated from rhizosphere soil of healthy mulberry by plate dilution method.Strains with remarkable antagonist activities against target pathogen were screened by dual culture and spore-germination techniques. The antagonistic bacteria were identified based on morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics as well as their gyrA and gyrB gene sequences. Field plot experiments were set up to determine the biocontrol effects of antagonistic bacteria under natural conditions.【Result】Eight bacterium strains with inhibitory effects against L. theobromae were isolated, and YZ14-3 was the most effective among them. The inhibition rate of YZ14-3 and its culture extracts were 73.3% and 55.6%, respectively. The mycelia of L. theobromae in the inhibition zone were enlarged and malformed; the conidia could not germinate and disintegrated due to cell wall degradation in the culture extracts of YZ14-3. YZ14-3 was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens using its morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics as well as the phylogenetic tree based on the BLAST results with gyrA and gyrB gene sequences. Field tests showed that the biocontrol efficiency of YZ14-3 was 67.94%.【Conclusion】The B. amyloliquefaciens strain YZ14-3 has remarkable inhibitory effect against L. theobromae, and therefore it can be used for biocontrol of diseases caused by L. theobromae.

Abstract:【Objective】In order to clarify degradation characteristics and enzyme activities of two organic phosphorus degrading bacteria in soy lecithin and dimethoate.【Method】Bacterium strains Yj2 and Yj3 were isolated from soy soil and identified by 16S rDNA identification method. The growth conditions of Yj2 and Yj3 were optimized by orthogonal test. The enzyme activities from two strains were determined under different phosphorus sources, and organophosphate degrading enzymes were classified and purified.【Result】Yj2 was identified as Acinetobacter sp., and Yj3 was identified as Bacillus sp.. The result of growth condition optimization showed that the best carbon and nitrogen source and pH values for strain Yj2 and Yj3 were glucose, ammonium sulfate, pH 8 and glucose, peptone, pH 9, respectively. The growth of Yj3 was slightly better than that of Yj2 when the phosphorus source was soy lecithin. However, the growth trend was the opposite with dimethoate as the phosphorus source. Within 72 h of dimethoate being the phosphorus source, acid phosphatase activity and alkaline phosphatase activity of Yj2 were generally higher than that of Yj3, but organophosphate degradation enzyme activiy of Yj2 was lower than those of Yj3. The organophosphorus degradation enzymes were isolated and purified respectively from strains Yj2 and Yj3 by ammonium sulfate precipitation followed with cation exchange chromatography. SDS-PAGE results showed that the purified proteins were both a single band. The purification ratio of ammonium sulfate precipitation followed with cation exchange was 7.77 times higher than that of the ammonium sulphate precipitation for Yj2, and the latter was 1.35 times higher than crude enzyme for Yj2. The corresponding purification ratios for Yj3 were 5.07 and 1.53 times respectively.【Conclusion】Acinetobacter sp. Yj2 and Bacillus sp. Yj3 both can degrade soy lecithin and dimethoate. The activities of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and organophosphate degradation enzymes, which play the main roles on degrading organic phosphate, have obvious differences between two strains in soy lecithin and dimethoate degrading process. The organophosphate degradation enzymes with relatively high purity can be isolated and purified from YJ2 and Yj3, respectively.

Abstract:【Objective】To screen fungal endophytes against Valsa malimiyabe and Glomeralla cingalata from apple trees and explore their inhibitory effects.【Method】Fungal endophytes were isolated from roots, stems and rhizosphere soil of healthy apple plants. Their antifungal activities against V. malimiyabe and G. cingulata were examined using in vitro dual culture assay. Heat-resistant properties of antifungal substances were tested using the fermentation culture of the isolated fungal endophytes.【Result】Eighteen endophytic fungus strains belonging to three genera were isolated and half of the 18 strains were from stem. The dual culture assay showed eight strains had above 60% inhibition rate against V. malimiyabe and G. cingulata. J₂, J₁₆ and J₁₇ strains strongly inhibited V. malimiyabe with the inhibition rates of 82.75%, 84.31% and 82.35% respectively. The inhibition rate of T₁ to G. cingulata reached 80.67%. The culture filtrates of fungal endophytes J₂，J₁₆，J₁₇，J₂₄，T₁ inhibited the conidia germination of both pathogens, and all of the inhibition rates were not less than 39.55% and the highest value was 69.75%. The sterile filtrate of J₁₁ and T₁ showed high heat stability at 121 ℃, while J₂ lost bioactivity at 100 ℃. 【Conclusion】 Fungal endophytes J₂, J₁₁, J₁₆, J₁₇ and T₁ have strong inhibitory effects against V. malimiyabe and G. cingulata, and therefore are potential candidates for biological control of these two pathogens.

Abstract:【Objective】To investigate the role of chlorantraniliprole 200SC in controlling the rice leaf roller，Cnaphalocrocis medinalis，and in rice yield. 【Method】The effects of chlorantraniliprole 200SC on protecting rice seedlings and rice growth were studied in four different test sites of Hubei Province using field experiments. Some physiological indicators were measured, such as the number of flag leaf roll rice plant，rice tiller, leaf color and thousand-grain weight. 【Result】 Chlorantraniliprole 200SC could effectively control rice leaf roller, promote effective tillers, decrease invalid tillers, increase kernels per spike and rice yield, but it had no obvious effects on rice leaf color, growth vigor and seed setting percentage. Compared with the negative control, overall rice seedling tillers per hill increased by 24.14％ and 11.24%, with the effective ones increased by 2.01％ and 3.35%, and the invalid ones decreased by 38.06％ and 40.30% in the field plots treated with chlorantraniliprole 200SC and avermectin 18EC (the positive control), respectively. Compared with the negarive control, kernels per spike increased by 10.23％ and 4.40%, rice yield increased by 12.72％ and 7.89%, and thousand-grain weight increased by 2.68％ and 1.86% in the field plots treated with chlorantraniliprole 200SC and avermectin 18EC(the positive control), respectively. 【Conclusion】 Chlorantraniliprole 200SC has excellent insecticidal activity which is superior to the positive control avermectin 18EC, and can effectively increase rice yield.

Abstract:【Objective】In order to evaluate the xylem mobility of four different pesticides, including glucose-fipronil conjugate GTF and three types of commodity pesticides (fipronil, thiamethoxam and abamectin) in plants. 【Method】The roots of soybean seedlings were immersed in solutions containing one of those pesticides. After grinding and extracting the roots, stems and leaves, high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) was used to detect the pesticide contents of the extracts.The xylem mobility was represented by the pesticide content conducted to the above ground part of the seedling. 【Result】GTF had superior xylem mobility with relatively uniform distribution after entering the plants. Thiamethoxam exhibited efficient xylem mobility, mainly concentrated in the upper part of the plants, and was able to saturate in a short time. Fipronil had relatively weak xylem mobility, and most concentrated in the roots. Abamectin permeated and accumulated in the roots without upward transportation，suggesting none xylem mobility. 【Conclusion】The introduction of glycosyl can significantly optimize the xylem mobility of the carrier pesticide fipronil. Glycosylation of pesticide is an effective approach to develop new systemic pesticide.

Abstract:【Objective】To provide references for protection of submerged plant resources in Beijiang River valley and surrounding areas, Guangdong.【Method】The species diversity of submerged plant communities and the water quality where these plants grow were investigated from 2009 to 2013 using on-site survey and quadrat survey methods. 【Result】A total of 11 angiosperms and one macro-alga were recorded at five sites, Zhengjiang of Renhua County (SG1), Beijiang of Qujiang District (SG2), Wujiang of Zhengjiang District (SG3), and Nanshui of Ruyuan County (SG4 and SG5). All recorded plants belong to widespread species. The dominant species were Potamogeton wrightii，Hydrilla verticillata，Vallisneria denseserrulata, and Myriophyllum spicatum. It was the first time that P.maackianus was recorded in Guangdong. The water quality test results showed that the major pollutions in Beijiang River valley were TN, TP, NH₄⁺-N and COD_Cr. Except for TN and NH₄⁺-N, the contents of the other parameters at two sites(SG4, SG5) of Nanshui met or approached the class I level of National Water Quality Standard, and the contents of TN and COD_Cr at the other sites were between class II and III. The contents of TP, NH₄⁺-N and COD_Cr were relatively high in winter, while TN contents were relatively high in summer.【Conclusion】The species richness of submerged plants in Beijiang River valley is relatively low. The species diversity of the plant community is closely related to local human activities, with the species richness and diversity being the highest in Nanshui where the water quality is the best, and the lowest in Zhengjiang where the water quality is the worst. Industrial pollution, building of hydropower station dam and sand-excavating are the major factors causing declining of the species diversity of the submerged plants in Beijiang River valley.

Abstract:【Objective】 To study physiological response mechanisms of TTriadica rotundifolia when subjected to drought stress, thus providing a fundamental evidence for further exploring its drought resistance and a theoretical support for afforestation tree species selection and vegetation restoration in limestone areas. 【Method】 Pot experiment using 2-year-old T. rotundifolia seedlings was set up for observing the dynamic changes of the leaf physiological indexes of T. rotundifolia seedlings under drought stress. 【Result】With the development of drought stress, electrolyte leakage rate and proline content increased significantly, and peaked at the end of stress (32 days), with the values of 37.42% and 197.18 μg·g^-1 respectively. SOD activity, MDA and soluble protein contents first increased and then decreased, and peaked at the 18th, 21th and 21th days with the values of 159.19 U, 31.89 nmol·g^-1 and 2.31 mg·g^-1 respectively. 【Conclusion】The physiological response mechanisms of T. rotundifolia are different at different drought stress periods. Specifically in the light and moderate stress periods, drought resistance is enhanced by increasing the activities of protective enzymes combined with osmotic adjustment, but mainly by osmotic adjustment under severe stress. In general, T. rotundifolia has certain ability of drought tolerance, thus it is one of the suitable species for ecological restoration in limestone areas.

Abstract:【Objective】To determine the effects of different phosphorus supply levels on physiological activity of Phoebe bournei seedling leaf under natural low temperature. 【Method】Single factor pot experiment was set up with eight phosphorus levels, and following fertilization the seedlings were left under natural low temperature. Photosynthetic and other physiological indexes of the leaves were measured and analyzed. Cold resistance of the seedlings was assessed by principal component analysis.【Result】Under natural low temperature environment, all the positive and negative indexes indicated clear and gradual trend with the increase of phosphorus levels. net photosynthetic rate（Pn）,stomatal conductance(Gs),intercellular CO₂ concentration(Ci),transpiration rate (Tr), water use efficiency(WUE), proline content and SOD activity of P. bournei seedling leaf peaked at a phosphorus level of 30 mg phosphorus per seedling, and their values were 3.09 μmol·m^-2·s^-1, 0.023 mol·m^-2·s^-1, 350.18 μmol·mol^-1, 0.32 mmol·m^-2·s^-1, 9.69, 41.58 μmol·g^-1 and 332.03 U·g^-1，respectively. At the same phosphorus level, MDA content (3.77 μg·g^-1) and stomatal limitation value (Ls，0.34) were the second lowest. The highest cold resistance score was obtained at a phosphorus level of 30 mg per seedling based on principal component analysis.【Conclusion】 The optimum phosphorus level is 30 mg per seedling for improving cold resistance of P. bournei seedlings.

Abstract:【Objective】 This study was aimed to prepare and identify a new kind of artificial antigen for dibutyl phthalate. 【Method】 Dibutyl 4-aminophthalate (DBAP) was obtained via esterification and reduction of 4-nitrophthalic acid. The hapten derivative monoglutaryl 4-amino-dibutyl phthalate (DBCP) was prepared through DBAP reacting with glutaric anhydride. DBCP was conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA) or ovalbumin (OVA) to make artificial immunogen via activated ester method. Then the antiserum of two female New Zealand white rabbits was obtained after injecting with artificial immunogens which were successfully coupled. Indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (icELISA) was used to analyze the sensitivity and specificity of the antiserum. 【Result】 The successful synthesis of hapten derivative was identified by mass spectrometry (MS) and ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR).The successful coupling was proved by ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV) and SDS polyacrylamide gels electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Furthermore, the numbers of DBCP molecules per BSA/OVA molecules for two conjugates were 11∶1 and 17∶1 respectively, estimated by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The icELISA method indicated high specificity for the antiserum with the highest titer being 1∶128 000 for samples from both rabbits, and the IC₅₀ being 301 and 308 ng·mL^-1 respectively. 【Conclusion】 The hapten derivative can be synthesized in a convenient and secure way. The successful synthesis of the artificial antigen for dibutyl phthalate makes it possible to get polyclonal antibodies and establish immunoassay for DBP.

Abstract:【Objective】 To diagnose citrus Huanglongbing(HLB) timely to prevent citrus production from the spread of the disease. 【Method】 A detection method of citrus HLB based on modulation chlorophyll fluorescence measurements was investigated. Fluorescence parameters were extracted from MINI-PAM, and analyzed by probability neural network (PNN) model and classification to distinguish among healthy citrus, HLB-infected citrus and etiolated citrus due to non-HLB problems. 【Result】 The average detection accuracy for different classes of citrus symptoms was above 76.93%, and that for some classes even reached 100%. 【Conclusion】 It is feasible to use the modulation chlorophyll fluorescence measurement combined with PNN model to detect citrus HLB.