Abstract:【Objective】To acheive the innocuous treatment and resource utilization of silkworm excrement. 【Method】Fresh silkworm excrement pile was mixed with 5.21% hydrated lime, 0.20% EM agent, or 10% mulberry sawdust in mass fraction. The silkworm excrement pile without any addition served as the control. These four different aerobic composting systems were used for investigating the dynamic changes of physicochemical indexes and population of microbial flora during the composting process. 【Result】The treatment with 5.21% hydrated lime facilitated the reproduction of fungi and actinomycetes, decreased the organic matter content and the moisture content of the pile, increased the total nitrogen content of the pile, delayed 5 d before the temperature of the pile heating up to 50 ℃, resulted in 1.05 higher pH compared to the organic fertilizer standard, and decreased the number of bacterial colonies. The treatment with EM improved the total phosphorus content by 28%, which increased the number of bacterial colonies, but negatively affected the reproduction of fungi in the middle and later periods and the reproduction of actinomycetes throughout the composting process. No significant differences of other indicators were observed between the treatment with 0.20% EM and the control. The treatment with 10% mulberry sawdust reduced the moisture content by 40%, led to higher temperature which was disadvantageous for the reproduction of fungi and actinomycetes, and caused a significantly lower C/N ratio and 0.66 higher pH of the pile compared to other treatments. Germination indexes of four piles were above 100%, and all pile temperatures kept above 50 ℃ for more than 7 d.【Conclusion】All four piles of silkworm excrement can meet the demand of resource utilization after composting.

Abstract:【Objective】To evaluate the effects of China rapeseed meal replaced by Indian rapeseed meal on growth performance， immune and liver function of juvenile tilapia，Oreochromis niloticus×O.aureus. 【Method】A total of 120 fish with about 17.3 g an initial body mass per fish were randomly divided into four groups. A feeding trial with four practical diets at equal nitrogen and caloric basis was conducted. Group G0 was the control group (the amount of China rapeseed meal was 35%)， and G50， G75 and G100 were trial groups, for which Indian rapeseed meal replaced 50%， 75% and 100% of the China rapeseed meal in G0, respectively，and 0.1% feed attractant DMPT was added. The feeding cycle was 43 d.【Result】With the percentage of India rapeseed meal increasing， the final mass， mass gain rate and specific growth rate of tilapia decreased while the feed conversion ratio increased, with significant differences only detected for the G100 group (P<0.05) compared to the G0 group. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in body composition, serum biochemical indices, serum malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, nitric oxide (NO) contents, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity or alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity among different groups (P>0.05). However, the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and lysozyme (LZM) contents of the G100 group were significantly higher than those of the G0 group (P<0.05).The liver cell structure of tilapia was damaged more seriously with the percentage of Indian rapeseed meal increasing. 【Conclusion】The percentage of India rapeseed meal replacing China rapeseed meal should not exceed 75% for tilapia， O.niloticus×O.aureus with 17-70 g body mass.

Abstract:【Objective】To develop a transgenic zebrafish，Danio rerio, line in which oocyte ablation can be conditionally induced, study the characteristics of oocyte ablation, and provide materials for future reproduction studies.【Method】The Tol2 transposon system was used to generate a transgenic zebrafish line which expressed nitroreductase (NTR) enzyme under control of the oocyte-specific gene promoter. The effects of metronidazole (Mtz) on appearance of mature females and internal ovary structure were evaluated by regular sampling, continuous observation, dissection and tissue sectioning. Frozen sections stained by TUNEL were used to detect the induced oocyte apoptosis.【Result】A transgenic fish line with stable inheritance was obtained and its blastula cells showed specific mCherry fluorescence. Induced by Mtz, the transgenic mature female ovary gradually degenerated and atrophied, and the oocytes progressively ablated. The results indicated NTR expression in the oocytes. TUNEL detection confirmed that Mtz could induce oocyte apoptosis, leading to histological changes in the ovary. Furthermore, the ovarian ablation induced by Mtz was reversible. When the Mtz stress was withdrawn, the oocytes regenerated and the ovary restored its function.【Conclusion】The transgenic zebrafish obtained in this study can implement ovarian ablation and regeneration through conditional induction.

Abstract:【Objective】In order to study the genetic characteristics of the novel epidemic pseudorabies virus (PRV).【Method】A PRV strain named PRV AH was isolated from a pig farm in Anhui Province, the phylogenetic tree was constructed and the glycoproteins gB，gC，gD and gE of this strain were analyzed.【Result】 PRV AH was very similar to an epidemic strain which had caused a severe PRV outbreak in China since 2011, but was distantly related to Bartha or other foreign strains. Compared with Bartha and other foreign strains, all PRV strains in China had obvious deletions and insertions of continuous amino acids in the glycoproteins, and some mutations were found in the critical functional regions of the glycoproteins.【Conclusion 】This study analyzes the genetic differences between the novel epidemic PRV strain and Bartha strain at the molecular level, which provides a theoretical basis for further clarification of the immunization failure of Bartha-K61 vaccine.

Abstract:【Objective】Effects of different fertilizer applications on organic carbon fraction and carbon pool management index in soil were investigated under maize/soybean intercropping condition.【Method】Taking no fertilization (CK) as the control, five different fertilizing treatments, which were chemical nitrogen+ phosphorus+ potassium fertilizers (NPK), 70%NPK+30% straw (J1), 70%NPK+30% cow dung (N1), 40%NPK+60% straw (J2) and 40%NPK+60% cow dung (N2) according to the same rates of N, P and K, were designed in a long-term field experiment. The contents of organic carbon, soluble organic carbon, readily organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon were measured, and soil carbon pool management index was calculated.【Result】Compared to CK, soil organic carbon contents of N1, J2 and N2 treatments significantly increased in 2013, and the soil organic carbon contents of all fertilizing treatments significantly increased in 2014. Except for NPK treatment in 2013, the soil dissolved organic carbon contents in 2013 and 2014 were significantly higher than that of CK. The dissolved organic carbon content of J2 treatment was the highest, which was significantly higher than that of NPK in 2013. The readily organic carbon contents of N1, J2 and N2 treatments were significantly higher than that of CK in 2013 and 2014, and the highest value appeared in N2 treatment. The microbial biomass carbon contents of all fertilizing treatments were significantly higher than that of CK, and the highest value appeared in N2 treatment. Compared with CK in the same year, the carbon pool management indexes of fertilizing treatments significantly increased, and the carbon pool management index of N2 treatment was the highest.【Conclusion】The combined application of 40%NPK fertilizer and 60% cow dung is the optimal treatment for improving soil organic carbon fraction and carbon pool management index under maize/soybean intercropping condition in Karst area of northwest Guangxi.

Abstract:【Objective】 The cooking, eating and nutritional qualities of rice cultivars introduced from Sri Lanka were analyzed so as to screen the suitable materials for rice production and breeding. 【Method】Single factor randomized block design was applied in 2014, and 65 rice cultivars introduced from Sri Lanka were planted under conventional cultivation. After harvest, rice samples from each cultivar were collected for cooking, eating and nutritional analysis. 【Result】Amylose contents were between 21.35%-29.34% across all cultivars and there were no significant differences. Protein contents were 5.24%-9.17% and significantly differed among cultivars. Essential and non-essential amino acids accounted for 33.80%-36.30% and 63.70%-66.20% of total contents of amino acids, respectively. Based on correlation and principal analysis, the nutritional factor (amino acids) contributed 53.447% to the rice qualities. Higher contents of amino acids were associated with lower amylose contents, and lower cooking and eating qualities. All 65 rice cultivars were classified into 4 types through clustering analysis, and each of them exhibited different characteristics. 【Conclusion】The introduced rice cultivars show different characteristics and can be used as raw materials for future rice production and breeding.

Abstract:【Objective】 To investigate the effects of MnSO₄ basal applications on physiological characters and Mn content of aromatic rice, and to provide a theoretical basis for cultivating high-quality aromatic rice. 【Method】 Pot experiment was carried out using Meixiangzhan and Nongxiang 18 as planting materials. Four basal applications of MnSO₄ were employed with the concentrations of 6.67 (Mn1), 10.00 (Mn2), 13.33 (Mn3) and 16.67 (Mn4) mg·kg^-1 respectively. There was a control treatment (CK) with none MnSO₄ application. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design. The Mn contents of leaves, stems and brown rice grains were measured. The enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD), and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in rice leaf were investigated.【Result】 Compared to the control, Mn4 was more beneficial to increase the Mn content of brown rice grains in early and late seasons by 22.02% and 6.75% respectively for Meixiangzhan, and 1.48% and 4.26% respectively for Nongxiang18. Mn4 treatment was better to increase the Mn content in the stems and leaves of early and late aromatic rice varieties after booting stages. Mn4 treatment improved the net photosynthetic rate of leaf and dry mass of above-ground of early and late aromatic rice varieties. Moreover, Mn4 treatment was more effective to improve the SOD and POD activities and decrease the MDA content in the leaves of early and late aromatic rice varieties. 【Conclusion】 Appropriate basal application of MnSO₄ would be more effective to improve the net photosynthetic rate and the Mn contents of stem，leaf and brown rice grains, enhance the resistance, adaptability and growth of aromatic rice variety. The optimal application amount of MnSO₄ is 16.67 mg·kg^-1in this study.

Abstract:【Objective】To study effects of climatic factors on yield components and chemical compositions of tobacco in Nanxiong, Guangdong Province.【Method】This research employed data survey, correlation analysis, and regression analysis to study the relationship between main climate factors (temperature, sunshine and rainfall) in Nanxiong and tobacco yield components, chemical compositions.【Result】The tobacco leaf yield and its components were mainly affected by rainfall, followed by sunshine hours and temperature. The mass per leaf of the top or bottom leaves and the yield ratio of the bottom and middle leaves were positively correlated with temperature at mature stage, sunshine hour in late May, and rainfall in vigorous growing stage and early April. The amounts of reducing sugar and potassium ions, the ratios of total nitrogen to total nicotine, and reducing sugar to total sugar of the top leaves were significantly correlated with air temperature and sunshine hour. For the middle leaves, the amounts of total sugar, reducing sugar and potassium ions were significantly positively correlated with sunshine hour; the ratio of total nitrogen to total nicotine was significantly negatively correlated with rainfall in late May; the ratio of reducing sugar to total sugar was significantly positively correlated with rainfall in late March and rainfall in early June. 【Conclusion】It is feasible to change the climate conditions in the field of flue-cured tobacco by adjusting the transplanting time, and thus to regulate the yield components and chemical constituents of tobacco leaves in production.

Abstract:【Objective】 In order to understand the response of calla lily，Alocasia macrorrhiza L.，to different light intensities, verify the accuracy of SPAD chlorophyll meter in chlorophyll measurements of calla lily, and provide a theoretical basis and technical supports for utilizing large land resources under mature rubber plantation and using chlorophyll meter correctly in physiological experiments of calla lily.【Method】SPAD value, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll contents of different calla lily leaves under different light intensities were determined using SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter and alcohol-acetone extraction methods.【Result】Compared with calla lily grown under natural light, tuber starch content and girth of calla lily under tree-shade decreased by 15.08% and 12.96% respectively, while tuber length increased by 12.11%.SPAD value, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll contents of calla lily under natural light were lower than those of calla lily under tree-shade, while chlorophyll a/b ratio was higher. SPAD value of calla lily under natural light increased gradually from the first-top-leaf to the fifth-top-leaf (except the third-top-leaf). SPAD value of calla lily under tree-shade increased gradually from the first-top-leaf to the second-top-leaf reaching the maximum, and then decreased gradually from the third-top-leaf to the fifth-top-leaf. Light intensity influenced chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll contents of different leaves in the same way as it did for SPAD value, but in different degree.【Conclusion】Light is conducive to starch synthesis in calla lily tubers. Calla lily can capture more light energy through increasing SPAD value, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll contents of leaves, especially the upper leaves, under limited light conditions. The SPAD value of the fourth-top-leaf is the best estimation for the chlorophyll contents of calla lily under natural light, while the SPAD value of the fifth-top-leaf is the best estimation for the chlorophyll contents under tree-shade.

Abstract:【Objective】 To discuss the field grading standard on sugarcane pokkah boeng disease severity, and study regional and varietal(clonal) differences in occurrence of pokkah boeng disease. 【Method】 The occurrence of pokkah boeng disease on 11 new sugarcane varieties (lines) and the dominant cultivar ROC22 in Guangxi was investigated in six sites including Nanning, Liuzhou, Hechi, Baise, Beihai and Chongzuo cities. The grading standard on sugarcane pokkah boeng disease and the resistance evaluation system were established.【Result】The incidence and disease severity index (DSI) of new-planting sugarcane were 0.16%-23.82% (average 3.51%) and 0.03-16.48 (average 3.45) respectively, and those of ratoon cane were 0-25.89% (average 4.27%) and 0-17.37 (average 4.61). According to the new standard, six resistance grades were established, including high resistance (HR), resistance (R), medium resistance (MR), medium susceptible (MS), susceptible (S) and high susceptible (HS). HR and HS sugarcane varieties (clones) were not found in the 12 tested materials. Among the 12 varieties, Guifu06-156, Guitang05-3846, GuixuanB9 and ROC22 belonged to R grade and demonstrated the highest resistance against pokkah boeng disease, and Guitang06-1023 and Guitang06-400 were S grade with the lowest resistance. The 12 tested sugarcane varieties(clones) were clustered according to the DSI, and the result agreed with that of resistance grading. The incidence of pokkah boeng disease showed regional difference in Guangxi. The sugarcane areas of Chongzuo, Liuzhou and Hechi were the most serious, followed by Beihai, and Baise and Nanning were the least serious. 【Conclusion】 There were distinct differences among different sugarcane areas， among varieties（lines）and among planting seasons regarding the susceptibility and resistance against pokkah boeng disease.

Abstract:【Objective】 In order to provide the biochemical and metabolic basis of tobacco breeding for disease resistance and resistance identification. 【Method】Resistant (Yueyan 97) and susceptible (Changbohuang) tobacco cultivars were inoculated with Ralstonia solanacearum by trunk injection. Defensive enzyme activities and metabolites were measured by using colorimetric method and GC-MS.【Result】The activities of phenylanine ammonia lyase (PAL), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in the resistant cultivar ‘Yueyan 97’ were higher than those in the susceptible cultivar ‘Changbohuang’ with the same inoculation treatment. The PAL activities of Yueyan 97 and Changbohuang were higher than that in control on the seventh and fifth days after inoculation, respectively. The PAL activities of both cultivars were lower compared to control at any other time. For both cultivars, SOD, POD and PPO activities increased compared to control in the earlier days, but were lower compared to control during the later time period. The types of POD and PPO isozymes in the resistant cultivar ‘Yueyan 97’ were higher than those in the susceptible cultivar ‘Changbohuang’. The width and color of isozyme bands of Yueyan 97 were enhanced at 3 d after inoculation, while those of Changbohuang were not enhanced. It suggested that the resistant cultivar could quickly respond to external stimuli and accelerate the formation of defense-related substances. Detection of metabolites showed that the relative contents of some substances in Yueyan 97 such as myo-inositol, nicotine, malic acid, and L-threonine were higher compared to control, but in Changbohuang were lower compared to control, suggesting that cultivar differences in resistance against R. solanacearum might be related to these substances.【Conclusion】 These four defensive enzyme activities and the contents of the above metabolites could be used as biochemical indexes for evaluating tobacco resistance against R. solanacearum.

Abstract:【Objective】 To establish a detection method of bifenthrin,and to study the residue and degradation dynamics of bifenthrin in the form of 1% bifenthrin·clothianidin granules in cabbage and soil. 【Method】Field experiments were conducted in Guangzhou of Guangdong，Nanning of Guangxi and Qianjiang of Hubei．Bifenthrin was added at three levels of 0.01，0.10，0.50 mg·kg^-1in the range from 0.01 to 1.00 mg·kg^-1. Bifenthrin was extracted from cabbage and soil using ultrasonic-assisted acetonitrile extraction，cleaned up using a florisil solid phase extraction column，then detected by GC with ECD detector, and quantified by external standard method．【Result】The average recovery rates of bifenthrin in cabbage were 83.64 %-96.44% with 3.26%-7.24%RSD，and the average recovery rates in soil were 86.76%-90.09%with 2.17%-4.94%RSD. The half-life of bifenthrin in soil was 6.77-13.51 d.No bifenthrin residue was detected in cabbage at harvest.【Conclusion】Bifenthrin is an easily degradable pesticide. Using 1% bifenthrin·clothianidin granules as pesticide is safe and recommended.

Abstract:【Objective】 To evaluate the effect of modified bagasse (MSB, MSB-Mo and MSB-CI) on the immobilization of mesotrione-degrading bacteria strain HZ-2.【Method】Three types of modified bagasse and activated carbon were selected as the carrier candidates for the bacterial immobilization，and the degradation abilities of immobilized composites were examined.【Result】After 48 hours culture, the high D_{600 nm} values indicated that modified bagasse(MSB, MSB-Mo and MSB-CI) and activated carbon had strong abilities to immobilize bacteria. More than 85% of mesotrione in LB medium was degraded using modified bagasse as a carrier after 3 days of culture, which was higher than the results of activated carbon. MSB-Mo composite had the best degradation performance with a degradation rate of 96.35%.Moreover,mesotrione in soil was degraded over 99% after 7 days by adding glucose as support nutrient to the modified bagasse. 【Conclusion】 Modified bagassse MSB-Mo is the most available carrier material, which demonstrates the highest potential of being a new biological carrier material for immobilization of mesotrione-degrading bacteria strain.

Abstract:【Objective】 To study phototaxis of Cryptolestes ferrugineus adults, the female adults of Cryptolestes turcicus and Cryptolestes pusillus to lights with different wavelengths【Method】 A light behavior reaction device was used to test the phototactic ratios of 1-day-old, 11-day-old, 21-day-old and 31-day-old (female) adults of three species of Cryptolestes to lights with wavelengths of 303，320，330，340，351，368，400，445，460，480，520，525，545，560，575 and 580 nm.【Result】The wavelengths of simulating lights resulting in the highest phototactic ratios of the 1-, 11-, 21-, and 31-day-old adults of C. ferrugineus were 351, 351, 400, and 480 nm respectively. The wavelengths with relatively better trapping effects for C. ferrugineus adults were 351, 400 and 445 nm. With the increase of age, the number of wavelengths that led to over 20% phototactic ratio of C. ferrugineus increased. The phototactic ratios of 1-, 11-, 21-, and 31-day-old female adults of C. turcicus ranged from 16% to 51%, 11% to 46%, 7% to 37%, and 4% to 28% respectively, and the light wavelengths resulting in the highest phototactic ratios were 351(368), 368, 330, and 351 nm respectively. The wavelengths with relatively better trapping effects for female adults of C. turcicus were 368, 351 and 303 nm. The phototactic ratios of 1-, 11-, 21-, and 31-day-old female adults of C. pusillus ranged from 51.11% to 75.56%, 18.89% to 70.00%, 33.33% to 62.22%, and 22.22% to 71.11% respectively, and the light wavelengths resulting in the highest phototactic ratios at these four ages were 575, 320, 400(445), and 320(560) nm respecticely. The wavelengths with relatively better trapping effects for female adults of C. pusillus were 320, 575 and 330 nm. 【Conclusion】The phototactic ratios of C. ferrugineus adults increase with age, the phototactic ratios of the female adults of C. turcicus decrease with age, and the phototactic ratios of the female adults of C. pusillus decreases slightly with age.

Abstract:【Objective】The main typical characteristics of each ovary developmental stage of Pomacea canaliculate were studied.【Method】Micromorphology of ovarian developmental process and each stage of oocyte development of invader P. canaliculata were observed using histologic sectioning and hematoxylin-eosin staining methods.【Result】The ovarian developmental process of P. canaliculata is divided into five stages including proliferating stage，growing stage，maturing stage，spawning stage and recovering stage, based on different histological characteristics.During ovarian development，ovum forming cells experienced a series of morphological and structural changes, and eventually developed into mature eggs.The formation of P. canaliculata ovum consisted the oogonium stage，early yolk synthesis stage，late yolk synthesis stage and maturation stage.【Conclusion】The ovarian of P. canaliculata is a tubular branching gland， the oogonium goes through five development stages to form the mature ovum, and the structural and physiological characteristics of its ovarian development provide a basis for high fertility of P. canaliculata.

Abstract:【Objective】This study aims to provide the theoretical and data supports for the breeding of wood density and carbon sink accounting by analyzing the effects of different impact factors on wood density. 【Method】Six tree species were selected through the analysis of communities in sample plots of Kanghe nature reserve, and their wood densities were measured. This study analyzed the effects of different species, different diameter grades and different slope aspects on wood density, and the correlation between tree traits and wood density using a variety of statistical softwares. 【Result】There were significant differences in wood density among different tree species. The highest averages of green densities (1.10 g·cm^-3), basic densities (0.53 g·cm^-3) and the moisture contents (122.84%) were found in Castanopsis carlesii, C. hystrix and C. carlesii respectively. There was no significant difference in wood density among different diameter grades for all species except C. fargesii. There was no significant difference in wood density among different slope aspects for all species. The nonparametric Spearman’s rank correlation analysis showed that both diameter at breast height and tree height were significantly correlated with green density but not with basic density. 【Conclusion】C. hystrix produces high quality wood with low moisture content and high basic density. Wood density has a tendency to rise with the increase of diameter grade，but has no regular change with the change of slope aspect. The relationship between diameter at breast height, tree height and green density, and the relationship between diameter at breast height, tree height and basic density are different probably because green density is affected by the moisture content.

Abstract:【Objective】 To investigate the variations in morphology and sowing quality of Dalbergia tonkinensis seeds, and provide a basis for elite germplasm selection and further genetic improvement.【Method】Morphology and germination of D. tonkinensis seeds of 47 families collected from 10 provenances in Vietnam were studied. 【Result】Seed length ranged from 10.22 mm to 15.43 mm, seed width ranged from 5.76 mm to 8.56 mm, seed thickness ranged from 1.59 mm to 2.56 mm and 1 000-seed mass ranged from 64.90 g to 153.73 g. The seeds from Gia Lai provenance had the highest germination rate of 72.6%, followed by those from B?c Ninh of 69.4% germination rate, and the seeds from Hu? had the lowest germination rate of 30.0%. Analysis of variance revealed that seed length, seed width, 1 000-seed mass, germination potential and germination index had highly significant differences (P<0.01) among provenances. Seed germination rate and seed thickness/width ratio had significant differences (P<0.05) among provenances. Seed thickness and seed length/width ratio had the lowest differences among provenances. There were also significant differences in seed length, seed width, and seed thickness among different families within individual provenances. The variability in 1 000-seed mass among provenances which ranged from 72.410 g to 139.671 g was much higher than the variability in 1 000-seed mass among families within individual provenances which ranged from 76.77 g to 118.11 g. Seed germination rate had highly significant positive correlation with 1 000-seed mass and seed width. Seed length, seed width and 1 000-seed mass had highly significant positive correlation with altitude and hours of sunshine. Cluster analysis indicated that the production areas of D. tonkinensis could be divided into three major regions.【Conclusion】Seed size and seed proportion are the key factors affecting seed germination. Three major production regions of D. tonkinensis can be divided in Vietnam.

Abstract:【Objective】This study aims to develop a pattern-recognition based system for automatic single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP）detection in diploid fragment sequencing and improve the detection accuracy. 【Method】The LabWindows/CVI 9.0 platform and Matlab environment were combined for analyzing .ab1 or .scf files generated in diploid PCR fragment sequencing. Firstly， four bases G, A, T and C were separated for eliminating noise through one-dimensional discrete wavelet filtering, following with extraction of typical features of each base position (peak) from a fluorescence curve. A classifier based on back-propagation neural network was then used for SNP recognition and diagnosis. 【Result】 This established system was characterized by friendly interface, stable operation and manual modification accessibility. It classified the SNP reliability into six grades. Performance test with 143 SNPs of 26 sequencing fragments from Eucalyptus urophylla demonstrated that our system outperformed three previously reported software packages in detecting accuracy, false positive and false negative rates. 【Conclusion】 Our system has a high rate of accuracy without the need for a reference sequence. It could be used for efficient SNP detection in diploid PCR fragment sequencing.

Abstract:【Objective】Power supply determines the lifecycle of wireless sensor node. This study aims at maximizing the life of the node through integrated software and hardware design.【Method】Based on independent research and development of wireless image sensor nodes, The total power consumption of the node was estimated according to the formula, the capacity of lead-acid battery was calculated. The solar panels were designed according to the battery capacity and the intelligent solar charge controller was designed according to solar panel and battery parameters.【Result】The valve controlled and sealed high energy lead-acid battery with 10 Ah capacity and 12 V rated voltage, and monocrystalline silicon solar panels with 10 W power, 17 V output voltage, 0.5 A output current and 540 mm×350 mm size for the nodes were chose to achieve the solar power supply system.【Conclusion】The solar power supply system can perform long-term, stable and reliable work in the wireless image sensor nodes.

Abstract:【Objective】To study the influence of different types of hole structures on the seeds interference intensity and seeding performance of nest hole wheel metering device for rapeseeds.【Method】The EDEM software was used to simulate the nest hole wheel with three different types of hole structures. Tests were also done to verify the simulation results.【Result】Seeds interference intensity was affected by the hole structures evidently, and higher seeds interference intensity led to better seed-filling performance. In aspect of qualified rate, the 30° chamfering nest hole wheel (86.6%-95.8%) which had the largest seeds interference intensity performed much better than the nest hole wheel without chamfering (67.5%-90.6%) and the 1.25 mm rounded nest hole wheel (79.2%-93.5%) at 10-50 r·min^-1 rotational speed.For different wheels at the same rotational speed, higher seeds interference intensity caused lower miss-seeding rate. The space of the type hole had a different size in each chamfering, and bigger space of the type hole caused higher miss-seeding rate and variable coefficient.【Conclusion】 The main factor affecting seeding performance of each wheel is rotational speed. Since the redundant-seeding rate is low, the qualified rate is mainly affected by the miss-seeding rate. The fluctuation trends and the relationship among data are consistent in both simulation and test results, which proves the feasibility of the numerical simulation method based on EDEM.