YE Jian , HU Xiaoxiang , BIAN Cheng , ZENG Jinyong , ZHANG Chenghua , ZHENG Enqin , CAI Gengyuan , LIU Dewu , WANG Aiguo , WU Zhenfang
2017, 38(1):1-4. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2017.01.001
Abstract:【Objective】 To estimate genetic parameters of growth traits of Large White pigs in Wens Group, and study the effects of change in method for measuring backfat (A to B ultrasonic) and variation in final body mass (age at 100 kg to age at 115 kg body mass) on pig breeding.【Method】Single/multi-trait animal model and DMU software were used to estimate genetic variance and variance of common litter effects for age at 100 kg body mass (AGE) and backfat thickness at 100 kg body mass (BF). We evaluated the pearson and spearman correlations between estimated breeding value (EBV) from newly measured individuals in 2016 and EBV from normal genetic evaluation under the condition of 100 kg final body mass (AGE-100) or B ultrasonic (BF-B). 【Result】The estimates of heritabilities were 0.21 and 0.41, the common litter effects were 0.27 and 0.15 for AGE and BF respectively, and the single-model and multi-model were generally consistent. Under the condition of AGE-100 or BF-B, the pearson correlations were 0.96 and 0.94, the spearman correlations were 0.96 and 0.92 for EBV from newly measured individuals and EBV from normal genetic evaluation respectively, and the single-model and multi-model were generally consistent.【Conclusion】Change in method for measuring backfat has a smaller effect on breeding than compared change in final body mass. The correction formula should be re-selected.
SHAN Qi , BAI Ye , FAN Jingjing , LIU Shugui , YIN Yi , LI Lichun , ZHENG Guangming
2017, 38(1):5-8. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2017.01.002
Abstract:【Objective】To study the pharmacokinetics characteristics of marbofloxacin in tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus), and provide references for rational clinical drug usage.【Method】The tilapia were divided into two groups for intramuscular (i.m.) and oral administrations, and each fish received marbofloxacin at a dosage of 10 mg·kg-1 body mass. Water temperature was maintained at 30 ℃. The concentration of marbofloxacin in plasma was measured using high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)combined with fluorescence detection. The plasma drug concentration-time data were analyzed by the non-compartment model of WinNonlin 6.1 software.【Result】After i.m. administration, marbofloxacin absorption and elimination were relatively faster, and it was widely distributed throughout the body. Peak time of plasma concentration (tmax) was 0.25 h, the maximum plasma concentration (ρmax) was 4.31 μg·mL-1, the elimination half-life (t1/2λz) was 19.21 h, the volume of distribution was 3.94 L·kg-1and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) was 70.36 μg·mL-1·h-1. Following oral administration, marbofloxacin absorption and elimination were relatively slower, and it was widely distributed throughout the body. tmax was 4.00 h, ρmax was 2.45 μg·mL-1, t1/2λz was 22.67 h, the volume of distribution was 4.27 L·kg-1 and AUC was 76.66 μg·mL-1·h -1.【Conclusion】Using 10 mg·kg-1 marbofloxacin could effectively control susceptible micro-organisms involved in most common infections in tilapia.
HONG Malin , FU Cheng , HUANG San , ZHOU Pei , SU Shuo , LI Shoujun
2017, 38(1):9-14. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2017.01.003
Abstract:【Objective】 To study the natural recombination,cross host transmission and prevalence of feline panleukopenia virus(FPLV)in Guangzhou area.【Method】Cells were isolated from stool samples of cats seemingly infected with FPLV,genome DNAs were extracted from positive samples,and complete virus genome sequences were amplified by PCR and were compared with relevant reference sequences from GenBank using genetic evolution analysis. The major amino acid sites were analyzed for differences between VP2 gene and NS1 gene. 【Result】Two FPLV strains were successfully isolated and the complete genome sequences of FPLV were obtained. The genetic evolution analysis indicated that FPLV-GZ01 and FPLV-GZ02 which were isolated from Guangzhou area belonged to the same branch with the other isolated strains FPLV-XJ1 and FPLV-HRB, and implied FPLV-GZ01 and FPLV-GZ02 evolved from FPLV-XJ01. The NS1 gene phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that FPLV might have recombined with CPV-447. Analysis of major amino acid sites indicated that FPLV was more conservative than CPV in the genetic variation of the VP2 gene. FPLV-GZ01 and FPLV-GZ02 had different degrees of mutation in the amino acid sites of the NS1 gene. 【Conclusion】The feline panleukopenia viruses isolated from Guangzhou area have been still recombining and evolving.
CHEN Zhanyu , WANG Kuo , WANG Xiaomei , LIU Xiangguo , CUI Xiyan
2017, 38(1):15-22. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2017.01.004
Abstract:【Objective】 To clone maize (Zea mays) starch synthase SSⅡapromoter, analyze its function, and provide a basis for its future research and application. 【Method】 The SSⅡa 5′ flanking sequence was found on Maize GDB by BLASTing the maize genome sequence published on NCBI, and the SSⅡa promoter was cloned from maize B73 using PCR. We analyzed the cis elements of the promoter using PlantCare. Fragments of 1 407, 867, 633, 483, and 365 bp were cloned with specific primers, and were inserted into the plant expression vector pCAMBIA3301, respectively. Five plant expression vectors with different 5′ deletions of the SSⅡa promoter were constructed and named P1, P2, P3, P4 and P5.The transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants were obtained through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. 【Result】 A DNA fragment of 2 526 bp was obtained by PCR amplification with maize B73 genome DNA as template and SSⅡaF/SSⅡaR as specific primers. The positive A.thaliana plants, which were screened by herbicide, had gus gene by PCR detection. The histochemical analysis of GUS showed that the expression vectors of five promoters were blue in leaves and pods at maturity. The quantitative analysis of gus gene showed that among five transgenic A.thaliana at maturity, the expression level of P1 in leaves was the highest and the others were basically the same, and the expression levels of P1 and P2 in seeds were similar, both being higher than those of P3, P4 and P5. 【Conclusion】 The maize SSⅡa promoter has been successfully cloned. The five constructed expression vectors with different 5′ deletions of the SSⅡa promoter all have activities in transgenic A.thaliana, and the promoters with the length of 1 407 bp (P1) and 867 bp (P2) have endosperm specificity.
HUANG Juan , DENG Jiao , SHI Taoxiong , LIANG Chenggang , ZHANG Qidi , CHEN Qingfu
2017, 38(1):23-30. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2017.01.005
Abstract:【Objective】 To clarify the sequence features and functions of three seed protein genes of buckwheat, providing a theoretical foundation for studying the molecular mechanism during seed development. 【Method】Using local Perl script, BLASTP, MEGA6 and PLANTCARE, the sequences and evolutionary relationships of three buckwheat seed protein genes, namely 13S globulin gene, 11S globulin gene and glutelin gene, were analyzed. The cis-regulatory elements in the promoter region were predicted. Using the qRT-PCR technology, the expression patterns of three genes were analyzed during seed development of Fagopyrum esculentum, F. tataricum and F. cymosum. 【Result】The 13S globulin gene included four exons and three introns. The protein length was 515 aa. This 13S globulin only had six different amino acid sites compared with another 13S globulin in F. tataricum (ABI32184.1), thus they might be the same gene. The expression level was the highest in the middle filling stage of F. tataricum. The 11S globulin gene included eight exons and seven introns. The protein length was 914 aa, and it was most closly related to a 11S globulin in Sagittaria sagittifolia (CAA70334.1). The expression level was the highest in the middle filling stage of F. tataricum. The glutelin gene included three exons and two introns. The protein length was 355 aa, and it was most closly related to a B5-type glutelin in Beta vulgaris (XP_010683769.1). The expression level was the highest in the middle filling stage of F. esculentum. The promoter regions of three genes contained various cis-acting elements which responded to stresses and phytohormones, as well as cis-acting elements required for endosperm expression. 【Conclusion】 The sequences of 13S globulin, 11S globulin and glutelin genes are obtained. These genes might be preferentially expressed in endosperm, and involved in stress and hormone responsive processes. The middle filling stage is the key stage for seed protein accumulation, and three genes are massively expressed at this stage, which provides a solid foundation for studying gene function in the future.
LIU Ziji , NIU Yu , ZHU Jie , LIU Zhaohua , YANG Yan
2017, 38(1):31-37. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2017.01.006
Abstract:【Objective】 To construct core collections of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) which can represent the genetic diversity of the initial population by comparing different construction methods, and facilitate the efficient utilization of bitter gourd germplasm. 【Method】We sampled 154 bitter gourd germplasm as materials, predicted the genotypic values of five traits (node bearing first female flower, fruit length, fruit width, flesh thickness and mass per fruit) without bias using mixed linear model analysis, calculated the genetic distances among bitter gourd germplasm based on genotypic values of all five traits using Mahalanobis distance, and constructed core collections with 30% sampling proportion by using eight different clustering methods and three different sampling strategies. The quality of core collections constructed using different clustering methods and sampling strategies were evaluated. 【Result】 The variation coefficients of all five traits of the core collections constructed with eight clustering methods were larger than those of the initial population. Single linkage was better compared to the other seven clustering methods by significantly increasing the variances and coefficients of variation for all five traits. The ranges of core collections constructed with preferred sampling and deviation sampling were consistent with those of the initial population. The variation coefficients of three traits of the core collection from deviation sampling were larger compared to the other two sampling methods, indicating that deviation sampling was slightly better than random sampling and preferred sampling. Forty six core collections of bitter gourd were obtained based on Mahalanobis distance, deviation sampling and single linkage. Among them, Y5, Y87, Y112 and Y139 were the backbone materials. 【Conclusion】The 46 core collections of bitter gourd, which were obtained based on Mahalanobis distance, deviation sampling and single linkage, can well represent the genetic diversity of the initial population. This study further provides evidence for high genetic diversity in the bitter gourd germplasm from India and Southeast Asian. Our results provide an important theoretical basis for the collection, evaluation and efficient utilization of bitter gourd genetic resources.
QIAN Jiuli , QIN Junhao , LI Huashou
2017, 38(1):38-43. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2017.01.007
Abstract:【Objective】To explore the mechanism of using sesame for cultivating wasteland in traditional agriculture land. 【Method】Sesame was planted in the virgin land with red soil in the south area as the pioneer crop, the controls were Glycine max and Zea mays. The yield of afterreap crops, Raphanus sativus and Phaseolus coccineus, physicochemical characteristics of soils and changes of weeds were studied. 【Result】The yield of R.sativus and P. coccineus increased, and the increase rate was 44.25% and 148.48% respectively. The contents of organic C and available P, and pH in the soil increased. The contents of available N and available K decreased by 89.93% and 47.95% respectively. The dominant weed Saxifraga stolonifera in virgin land was not found after planting sesame, but Amaranthus blitum and Bidens pilosa became dominant. The species and biomass of weeds were affected by afterreap, and there were significant differences of weed species between sesame-radish(11.67 species) or sesame-P.vulgaris (10 species) and sesame-natural grass(5.67 species). Compared with grass-grass, the number of weed species of sesame-grass treatment increased from 4 to 5.67 species, but biomass reduced from 2 698.6 to 944.13 g·m-2. 【Conclusion】 Sesame,which can enhance afterreap crop yield and inhibit weed growth, is suitable for cultivating wasteland. The fact that the litter and stubble from sesame are easily decomposed can increase organic C and available P contents in soil as well as afterreap crop yield.
LI Ya’nan , WU Junnan , GAO Qiang , GAO Yunhang , LIU Shuxia
2017, 38(1):44-49. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2017.01.008
Abstract:【Objective】 To investigate the changing patterns of water extractable organic matter (WEOM) in soda saline-alkaline paddy soil in the fields with different planting years of rice, and provide a theoretical basis for increasing organic carbon fixation in such soil. 【Method】 Three-dimensional fluorescent spectroscopy was performed to study the contents and fluorescence characteristics of WEOM in soda salinealkaline paddy soil with 0, 1, 3, 5, 15 and 20 planting years of rice. 【Result】 With the increase of planting age, the content of WEOM in soil first increased and then decreased, reached the maximum (259.29 mg·kg-1) after planting rice for three years, and was the lowest (19.29 mg·kg-1) after planting rice for 20 years. The absorbance of WEOM at UV 254 nm increased with planting age. The shape of the three-dimensional fluorescence spectra of WEOM was different from fluorescence linear density which increased with planting age. There was a blue shift in the emission wavelength of the fluorescence peak in region I and region II of paddy soil, and a red shift in region Ⅲ and region Ⅴ. The fluorescence regional integration values were region Ⅴ> region Ⅲ> region Ⅳ> region Ⅱ> region Ⅰ. The proportion of humic acid-like substance in WEOM was reduced after planting rice for 20 years. 【Conclusion】 The humic substances,fulvic acid-like substance and unsaturated aromatic compounds in soda saline-alkaline paddy soil increase with planting age. Three-dimensional fluorescence technique can be applied to study the structure and composition of WEOM in soil.
WU Zhihai , SUN Hemei , YANG Meiying , LU Dongxue , YUE Shengtian , FU Li
2017, 38(1):50-57. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2017.01.009
Abstract:【Objective】 To determine the ability of phosphate dissolving of phosphate solubilizing bacteria(PSB)in rice rhizosphere, and study the effect of PSB on soluble phosphorus contents in rice plants and rhizosphere soil. 【Method】 Two bacteria strains NDW1 and NDW3 with strong ability of dissolving Ca3(PO4)2 were isolated from rice rhizosphere soil based on the halo zone formation on media due to phosphate solubilization, and identified by 16S rDNA method. Phosphorus dissolving conditions of two strains were optimized by orthogonal test with NBRIP as the basic medium. The production of indole-3-acetic acid(IAA) were determined. The effects of NDW1 and NDW3 on promotion of rice growth, the soil available phosphorus contents and plant total phosphorus contents were studied. 【Result】NDW1 and NDW3 were identified as Enterobacter sp. and Serratia sp.. The best combination of carbon, nitrogen source and pH for phosphate solubilition by NDW1 and NDW3 were both the combination of glucose, peptone and pH 6. The highest phosphorus contents dissolved by NDW1 and NDW3 were 294.95 and 312.93 μg·mL-1 after 24 h incubation, respectively. Both PSB could produce IAA. NDW3 significantly increased the shoot height, root length, maximum leaf length and aboveground dry mass of rice plant in both soil culture and sand culture. NDW3 also significantly increased the contents of soil available phosphorus and rice total phosphorus under both culture conditions.【Conclusion】Enterobacter sp. NDW1 and Serratia sp. NDW3 isolated from rice rhizosphere soil have strong ability of phosphate dissolving. The growth promoting effect of NDW3 for rice plant is better than that of NDW1.
JIANG Tong , SHAN Wenshu , XIA Weiwei , ZHANG Xiangxiang , JIANG Xizi
2017, 38(1):58-62. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2017.01.010
Abstract:【Objective】 To study genetic characteristics of the isolates of Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus(SRBSDV) from Anhui province, and to obtain P5-2 protein by prokaryotic expression. 【Method】The S5 segment of SRBSDV was amplified by RT-PCR, and it was cloned, sequenced and analyzed. Gene S5-2 was inserted into prokaryotic expression vector. The recombinant vector was transformed into Escherichia coli and was induced by IPTG. The fusion protein was purified by Ni2+-NTA affinity column. The expression of P5-2 protein was analyzed by SDS-PAGE. 【Result】The S5 segment from Anhui isolate of SRBSDV(SRBSDV-AnHui-HN2) was 3 167 bp in full length and contained a 612 bp S5-2 gene encoding 204 amino acids. Sequence comparison showed that the S5 segment of SRBSDV-AnHui-HN2 shared high sequence similarity(99.0%-99.7%) with other SRBSDV isolates, while had relatively low sequence similarity(38.0%-71.3%) to other Fijivirus members. The phylogenetic tree based on S5 segment sequences showed that SRBSDV and RBSDV clustered into a branch, and six isolates of SRBSDV clustered into a sub-branch. The recombinant protein with approximately 47 000 relative molecular mass was obtained by prokaryotic expression. Western blot analysis revealed that GST monoclonal antibody could specifically bind to the fusion protein. 【Conclusion】All isolates of SRBSDV are closely related, and they have relatively far relationship to other Fijivirus members. The fusion protein obtained by prokaryotic expression is the target protein.
DAI Xiaoyan , LI Yihan , SHEN Zule , XU Weiming , WU Jianhui , REN Shunxiang , QIU Baoli
2017, 38(1):63-68. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2017.01.011
Abstract:【Objective】 To study pathogenicity and biological control effects of two entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Isaria fumosorosea to the nymphs and adults of Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) Diaphorina citri. 【Method】 The spore suspensions of B. bassiana and I. fumosorosea were diluted to 1×104, 1×105, 1×106, 1×107 and 1×108mL-1, and then were sprayed on ACP younger instar, older instar nymphs and adults indoor to study the lethal effects and under semi-field conditions to study the control effects against ACP adult population. 【Result】 B. bassiana and I. fumosorosea had higher pathogenicity to younger nymphs (2-3 instar) than to older nymphs(4-5 instar). After seven days infection, the LC50 of B. bassiana and I. fumosorosea to ACP older nymphs were 3.6×104 and 5.2×104 mL-1, to ACP younger nymphs were 3.5×104 and 4.2×104 mL-1, and to ACP adults were 1.4×105 and 1.6×105 mL-1 respectively. Under semi-field conditions, the LC50 of B. bassiana and I. fumosorosea to ACP adults increased to 3.7×105 and 1.2×106 mL-1. The lethal effects of two fungi at the same spore concentration against ACP in semifield were lower than those indoor. Meanwhile, the lethal time of both fungi to ACP adults was correlated with spore concentration. The LT50 decreased with the increase of spore concentration, ranged between 5.2-4.4 days when the spore concentration of B. bassiana varied from 1×105 to 1×108mL-1, and ranged between 5.3-4.9 days when the spore concentration of I. fumosorosea varied from 1×106 to 1×108mL-1. 【Conclusion】 Both B. bassiana and I. fumosorosea have good biocontrol effects against ACP. The fatality rates of ACP are positively correlated with the concentrations of fungal spores.
HUANG Qitong , LI Jinsong , ZHUANG Hailing , HUANG Zhenfu , TANG Jing , WANG Min , FAN Xiaoling
2017, 38(1):69-75. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2017.01.012
Abstract:【Objective】 To determine the biogeographical regions of skippers in China based on their distribution, and to infer the causes of the distribution pattern.【Method】 The distribution of 328 species of skippers in China were summarized. China was initially divided into 294 quadrats of 2° latitude×2° longitude. Subsequently, these quadrats were further pooled into 28 areas based on topographical characteristics, vegetation and distribution patterns of all known skippers. Parsimony analysis of endemicity(PAE) was used to classify the 28 areas according to the shared distributional patterns of skippers.【Result】China was found to have ten major biogeographical regions based on the distributional patterns of skippers: central region (B1), southern region (B2), Taiwan region (B3), central northern region (C2), western region (C3), northern region (D2),Qingling-Daba mountains region (D3), eastern northern region (D4), western southern region (E1) and Tibet region (E2). Among them, Taiwan region and Tibet region formed a independent clade respectively. A comparison of the distributional patterns of skippers and geological provinces revealed that the skippers were mainly distributed in Qinba mountains, eastern southern Tibet, southeast Himalayan slope, the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers, and south China. Compared with the distributional patterns of existing organisms,five distributional regions of skippers were found to be matched: central region (B1), southern region (B2), western region (C3), northern region (D2) and eastern northern region (D4). 【Conclusion】The distributional patterns of skippers in China correspond broadly to geological provinces.
DU Qingxin , WEI Yanxiu , LIU Panfeng , QING Jun , DU Hongyan
2017, 38(1):76-81. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2017.01.013
Abstract:【Objective】 To study the difference in amino acid content among male flowers of different Eucommia ulmoides germplasm, and evaluate the comprehensive quality of E. ulmoides male flowers based on amino acid composition.【Method】The contents and compositions of amino acids in male flowers of 193 E. ulmoides germplasm resources were determined by automatic amino acid analyzer, then the qualities based on amino acid contents were evaluated objectively by principal component analysis, and overall scores and rankings were calculated. 【Result】There were 17 kinds of amino acids in male flowers of 193 E. ulmoides germplasm resources. The contents of total amino acids and essential amino acids were 206.23 and 68.37 mg·g-1 respectively, among which aspartic acid and glutamic acid were the two major amino acids. Six principal components were extracted, and the first and second principal components (factors of essential amino acids ) had relatively high influence on amino acid contents in E. ulmoides male flowers. Six types of E. ulmoides germplasm with superior amino acid traits of male flowers were chosen by selecting the top 5%, and the male flowers of nine E. ulmoides germplasm resources including 10419x, 10519x, 10345x, 10444x, 10370x, 10552x, 10589x, 10339x and 10515x were evaluated as having the best quality based on their amino acid compositions. 【Conclusion】The principal component analysis could be used to analyze the comprehensive quality of male flowers among diverse E. ulmoides germplasm based on amino acid compositions.
LIN Wei , ZHOU Wei , ZHOU Peng , ZHOU Xiangbin , WU Linying , CHEN Xiaoyang
2017, 38(1):82-89. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2017.01.014
Abstract:【Objective】 To study population genetic diversity of Zenia insignis, and to provide a basis for Z. insignis germplasm protect and promote genetic improvement.【Method】 Base on establishing of SRAP-PCR system in Z. insignis, the genetic diversity among 17 provenances was analyzed. UPGMA clustering analysis was used to divide Z. insignis provenances into different groups.【Result】 A total of 151 bands were amplified from 12 primer pairs, and in average 12.58 bands were amplified from each primer pair. There were 106 polymorphic bands, in average 8.83 bands per primer sets, and the average percentage of polymorphic bands was 70.39%. The ratios of polymorphic loci among provenances were 38.96%-72.73%, and 59.66% in average. The genetic diversity indices were 0.175 5-0.313 3, and 0.256 8 in average. The Shannon information indices were 0.249 4-0.450 2, and 0.369 1 in average. The numbers of alleles (na) observed were 1.519 5-1.727 3, and 1.600 0 in average. The number of alleles (na) at the provenance level was 1.724 9. The numbers of effective alleles (ne) were 1.330 5-1.577 3, and 1.4713 in average. The number of effective alleles (ne) at the provenance level was 1.502 6. The genetic identity degrees among provenances were 0.703 1-0.886 5.The genetic distances were 0.120 5-0.352 3. According to cluster analysis, 17 provenances were divided into three groups. The first group included Guangxi and Guizhou provenances. The second group included Guangdong, Hunan and Guangxi provenances. The third group only included Yunnan provenance. The provenances with geographic proximity were generally clustered into the same group.【Conclusion】The genetic diversity is abundant among Z. insignis provenances and among individuals within provenance, but is mainly from individuals within provenance. Therefore more attention should be paid to individuals in genetic improvement of Z. insignis. Both the low level of gene flow among provenances and three clear geographic clustering should be caused by the geographic isolation due to the specific living environment of Z. insignis.
GUO Wenbing , ZHAO Fencheng , ZHONG Suiying , DENG Leping , TAN Zhiqiang , RONG Renli , LI Zhen , LI Yiliang , WU Huishan
2017, 38(1):90-95. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2017.01.015
Abstract:【Objective】To study the effect of mid-rotation fertilization on the growth of Pinus elliottii open pollinated families, and compare the differences of P fertilizer and liming.【Method】Three different treatments (NK as control, NK+Ca-Mg-P, NK+liming) were conducted in a 13-year P. elliottii open pollinated progeny test stand. The growth characteristics of P. elliottii were examined before and after fertilization,and the nutrition contents were analyzed in soil and needle.【Result】Mid-rotation fertilization had a significant effect on the increments of height, DBH and volume, while the interaction effect between family and treatment was not significant. Compared to NK treatment, NK+Ca-Mg-P and NK+liming significantly increased the height increment by 37.1% and 29.5% respectively, while the latter increased the volume increment by 22.5%. Meanwhile, the DBH increment of NK+liming treatment was higher than that of NK+Ca-Mg-P treatment.【Conclusion】Liming with NK fertilizers can increase the timber yield of P. elliottii The promotive effect of liming on growth of P. elliottii might be related to P instead of Ca.
LI Pei , QUE Qingmin , WU Linying , ZHU Qin , CHEN Xiaoyang
2017, 38(1):96-102. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2017.01.016
Abstract:【Objective】To study the growth rhythms of Toona ciliata seedlings from 18 provenances, to provide a scientific basis for breeding and screening high-quality T. ciliata provenance. 【Method】Heights and ground diameters of one-year-old T. ciliata seedlings from 18 provenances were regularly observed. Analysis of variance was performed using SPSS, and the genetic coefficients of variation (GCV) were obtained. The Logistic equations were used for fitting the growth curves of seedling heights and ground diameters, and for estimation of the growth parameters. The correlations between seeding height, ground diameter and geographical, ecological factors were investigated. 【Result】The GCV of seeding height and ground diameter of T. ciliata were 43.31% and 36.25% respectively. The geographic variations in two traits were mainly influence by longitude. The growths of the two traits were both in a “slow-fast-slow” pattern showing a similar “S” curve. Two growth peaks of each trait were observed. The determination coefficients of Logistic equations varied from 0.971 to 0.998 for T. ciliata from different provenances, and the fitting degrees reached significant levels. The growth of T. ciliata seedlings could be divided into three stages, including the early, fast and late growth stages. T. ciliata from different provenances had different starting and ending time for the three stages.【Conclusion】There are great heredity potentials in seeding height and ground diameter of T. ciliata Geographic variation trends of the two traits are obvious among different provenances. The seeding height and ground diameter grew faster for T. ciliata from western provenances compared to eastern provenances. There were significant differences in seedling growth rhythms. During the fast growth stage, the growths in seedling height and ground diameter for T. ciliata from eastern provenances lasted longer compared to western provenances, while the extent of growth of this stage and yearly growth were both smaller for the provenances from central China and east China.
ZENG Qingchang , HUANG Minhua , MIAO Shenyu , TAO Wenqin , LONG Liandi , CHEN Weilin
2017, 38(1):103-108. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2017.01.017
Abstract:【Objective】To compare the sediment characteristics under exotic mangrove species (Sonneratia apetala, Laguncularia racemosa ) and native mangrove species (Aegiceras corniculatum, Acrostichum aureum), so as to better understand the potential ecological impacts of exotic species on the wetland environment.【Method】The temperature, pH, redox potential (Eh), conductivity, contents of organic matter and nutrients (N, P, K), and texture of sediments under these four species in Nansha Wetland, Guangzhou were measured by using in situ measurement instruments and the common analysis methods of soil.【Result】The sediment temperatures of exotic species (S. apetala 15.59 ℃, L. racemosa 16.85 ℃) were higher compared to native species(A. corniculatum 15.18 ℃, A.aureum 15.06 ℃). The sediment pH of exotic species(S. apetala 6.97, L. racemosa 6.54) were lower compared to native species (A. corniculatum 7.21, A.aureum 7.09). The sediment Eh of L. racemosa (30.16 mV) was significantly higher compared to other three species (S. apetala -5.02 mV, A. corniculatum -11.99 mV, A.aureum -4.85 mV) . The contents of organic matter in the sediments under exotic species(S. apetala 8.41%, L. racemosa 8.75%)were significantly lower compared to native species (A. corniculatum 10.22%, A.aureum 10.25%). The sediment under S. apetala was sandy clay loam, which could be related to its significantly low effective K content since the sediments under other three species were all loamy clay.【Conclusion】There are evident differences in the ecological factors of sediments between extotic and native mangroves. Fast growing of exotic mangroves may accelarate the decomposition of organic matter in sediments and cycling of substances, and therefore lead to changes in sediment characteristics.
HUANG Yao , WANG Naijiang , PEI Qiao , XUE Manxue
2017, 38(1):109-115. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2017.01.018
Abstract:【Objective】To investigate the multi-function of Pinus tabulaeformis plantation in Qingyang, Gansu Province, establish an evaluation system, and provide a scientific basis for the forest management in Qingyang area. 【Method】We surveyed 63 sample plots of P. tabulaeformis plantations from seven counties of Qingyang, and used analytic hierarchy process(AHP) to establish the multi-function evaluation index system. Eleven indexes were chosen from four functions including water conservation, carbon fixation and oxygen release, biodiversity conservation and excellent provenance preservation. The weights of different indexes were determined using the surveyed data and expert scoring. The total scores for multi-functions of different sample plots were calculated. Using normal equidistant partition, evaluation indexes of plantations of different counties were divided into five categories. 【Result】For the P. tabulaeformis plantation in Qingyang, the water conservation function had the highest effect, followed by the biodiversity protection function. The functions of carbon fixation and oxygen release and excellent provenance preservation had relatively low effect. The proportions of sample plots that had high effect, moderate high effect, medium effect, moderate low effect and low effect for their multi-functions were 12.7%, 25.4%, 31.75%, 25.4% and 4.76% respectively. The performance was the best in Zhengning County and the worst in Zhenyuan County. The overall effect of multi-function of P. tabulaeformis plantation in Qianyang was ordinary.【Conclusion】AHP can be used to effectively evaluate forest multi-function. We should take management measures to improve the multi-function of Qingyang forests.
KOU Miao , ZOU Yuanyuan , LI Guangwei
2017, 38(1):116-119. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2017.01.019
Abstract:【Objective】 To cut corn seed using laser guided by machine vision technology, and to automate sampling of molecular marker-assisted corn breeding. 【Method】 A system for quality inspection and posture recognition based on machine vision was designed. An algorithm was developed to inspect the shape quality and posture of corn seeds. The characteristic parameters of corn seeds were extracted to estimate if the corn seeds were qualified or not, the unqualified ones were removed, and the postures of the qualified ones were calculated so that the posture adjustment device could adjust each seed to the ideal cutting position. 【Result】 The time of algorithm process was about 0.6 s and the mean absolute error of attitude angle was 2.00°, which met the actual precision requirements. 【Conclusion】 This method is helpful to realize the automation of sampling using laser cutting in molecular marker-assisted corn breeding.
HAO Xiangze , HE Xupeng , ZOU Yi , LI Xun , HE Ruiyin
2017, 38(1):120-124. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2017.01.020
Abstract:【Objective】To design a sowing performance monitoring system based on photoelectric method, so as to solve the problems of miss-seeding, re-seeding and lack of precision in seeding volume during the single grain precision seeding process for crops such as corns and beans. 【Method】Infrared sensors were applied to capture the pulse signal when the seeds were falling. The signal was processed by a micro-processor, the time gap between successive seed falling was summarized and compared with the designed time gap to obtain the miss-seeding rate, re-seeding rate and seeding volume. Vertical scoop wheel seedmeter was used as the test object to monitor the miss-seeding, re-seeding performance and seeding volume.【Result】The monitoring accuracy rate for single grain of this monitoring system reached 98.8%. Compared with the results of the test-bed for testing performance of the seedmeter, the monitoring error of miss-seeding rate was below 0.3%, the monitoring error of re-seeding rate was below 0.6% and the monitoring accuracy rate of seeding volume was above 94.4%. 【Conclusion】 The monitoring system works stably and has high accuracy.
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