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Abstract:According to the characteristics of topography, landforms and the situation of engagement in agricultural work in Japan, the aerial spraying method has been developed from using manned helicopter to mainly using unmanned helicopter. Several types of unmanned helicopter for agricultural plant protection, such as R50, RMAX, RAMX ⅡG and FAZER, have been generated at different periods for application in rice plant protection. Japanese scholars did extensive research on aerial remote sensing technology, precision navigation technology and unmanned helicopter control technology. A practical management system of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) for plant protection has been developed insuring healthy and organized development of agricultural aviation in Japan. This paper is aimed to provide introduction about the state of agricultural aviation and its application area, precise spraying technology and management methods in Japan, and offer guidance for developing agricultural aviation technology in China.

Abstract:Objective To obtain a candidate vaccine strain against epidemic porcine pseudorabies virus.Method A gE/gI-deleted transferring plasmid pMD-LA-RA and a recombinant plasmid carrying EGFP gene were constructed according to the sequence of epidemic porcine pseudorabies virus. The homologous recombination was operated between pMD-LA-EGFP-RA and PRV AH, and then the recombinant mutant virus PRV AH gE^-/gI^-/EGFP⁺ was selected using EGFP as screening marker. In order to obtain the gE/gI-deleted mutant strain PRV AH gE^-/gI^- without the EGFP gene, the second homologous recombination was carried out between pMD-LA-RA and PRV AH gE^-/gI^-/EGFP⁺. The proliferation ability, genetic stability and immunogenicity of PRV AH gE^-/gI^- were evaluated by its growth curve, continuous passage in susceptible cells and animal immunization.Result PRV AH gE^-/gI^- was obtained through two homologous recombinations with fluorescence observation, plaque purification and PCR. The deletion of gE, gI genes and EGFP gene marker in PRV AH gE^-/gI^- was identified by PCR, fluorescence observation and sequencing. PRV AH gE^-/gI^- had similar proliferation ability to the parental strain and had good genetic stability and immunogenicity.Conclusion A gE/gI-deleted mutant strain of epidemic porcine pseudorabies virus with good immunogenicity was constructed successfully, which provides a basis for the development of gene deleted vaccine targeting epidemic strains.

Abstract:Objective To identify the effects of season change, parity and lactation stage on milk performance traits of Holstein dairy cows in South China. Method Dairy herd improvement (DHI) records of 10 450 Holstein cows were collected from a large dairy farm in Guangzhou throughout 2015. Information of milk performance traits including milk yield, milk fat percentage, milk protein percentage and fat-to-protein rate were extracted. The effects of season, parity and lactation stage on milk performance traits were evaluated. The correlations among factors and traits were analyzed. Result Season, parity and lactation stage all had highly significant effects on both milk yield and milk nutrient contents (P<0.001). Summer milk yield was highly significant lower compared with the other seasons (P<0.01). All indexes of milk constituents reached the lowest in summer and were highly significantly lower than those in spring or winter (P<0.01), and the spring values were significantly higher than winter values(P<0.01). Milk yield and milk protein percentage were the highest in December, but not in January which was the coldest month of the year. Peak milk yields of first-parity cows reached during the third month of lactation, but those of the other parity cows reached during the second month of lactation with higher peak values compared to first-parity cows. However, the decreasing rate of milk yield was slower in first-parity cows than in the other parity cows. Milk yield increased gradually from first to second parity, and then decreased with rising parity. For milk constituents, all indexes reached the maximum at first-parity, decreased gradually with rising parity and then increased from fourth to fifth parity. During lactation, fat-to-protein rate was higher at an early stage and lower at a later stage, and there was highly significant positive correlation between milk fat and protein percentages(r=0.63, P<0.01). Conclusion Lactation cows of South China are subjected not only to heat stress in summer, but also to cold stress in winter, which restricts the milk performance traits. High parity (above third-parity) cows account for a low percentage of the studied population, resulting in a low value of annual milk parity. Low dietary nutrition and feeding level are strongly restricting the production performance at a later lactation stage for high parity cows.

Abstract:Objective To study the morphological characteristics of pig ovarian follicles at different developmental stages and possible roles of key genes of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway in follicular development.Method The morphological changes in follicles of 12-, 30-, 70-day postpartum, 20-month follicular phase, 20-month luteal phase and 48-month luteal phase of landrace×large white sows were observed using HE staining. The expressions of key genes of PI3K pathway in these periods were detected by qRT-PCR. The expression of p-rpS6, a downstream effector, was detected by Western blot assay in porcine ovaries at different stages.Result A large number of primordial follicles were observed at the cortical edges of ovaries for 12-day-old pigs, and a small amount of primary follicles and a few secondary follicles were found at the junction of cortex and medulla. The number of secondary follicles increased in 30-day-old pigs. Tertiary follicles appeared in ovaries of 70-day-old pigs. At 20 months of age, a large number of mature follicles and bulked corpus luteum were found at follicular and luteal phases, respectively. It was difficult to observe primary follicles at 48 months of age. For PI3K pathway, the ovarian mRNA expression of inhibitors PTEN, TSC1, TSC2 and activators PDK1, AKT1, mTOR showed the highest levels at 12 days of age, followed by 70 days and 48 months of ages, and the lowest levels at 30 days and 20 months of ages. The downstream effector gene rpS6 of PI3K pathway exhibited the highest level of ovarian mRNA expression at 30 days of age, and the lowest level at 20 and 48 months of ages, while p-rpS6 protein had higher ovarian expression level at 12 days, 20 and 48 months of ages, and no expression at 30 and 70 days of ages.Conclusion The key genes of PI3K pathway have different expression levels at different developmental stages of porcine ovary, which indicates that the pathway is involved in the processes of porcine follicular generation and maturation.

Abstract:Objective To enrich rice (Oryza sativa L.) mutant library, rapidly create genetically stable new germplasm，and provide valuable materials for following study of mutation mechanisms and rice genetic breeding.Method The breeder seeds of ‘IR55’, ‘IR60’, ‘Sanlicun’ and ‘Yunnan Ludao’ were irradiated by carbon ion beam, and the agronomic traits of induced generations were consecutively investigated.Result The mutants of four cultivars varied over a large range of variation in plant height, flag leaf length, spikelet length, length-width ratio of grain and other traits, and displayed obvious positive or negative mutation. Seed setting rate decreased respectively with the lowest value of 2%. Large genetic diversity variations were detected between the mutants and breeder seed populations of four cultivars using randomly selected SSR markers, indicating that heavy ion irradiation induced big fragment variations at DNA sequences, rather than subtle site mutation.Conclusion Carbon ion beam irradiation can cause positive or negative mutation of plant height, flag leaf length, grain shape and other agronomic traits of rice. New rice germplasms with variation in agronomic traits can be screened out from mutation progenies.

Abstract:Objective To solve the problems of thermo-photo-sensitive genic male sterile (PTGMS) rice ‘Peiai 64S’ caused by rising critical sterility-inducing temperature (CSIT) and higher amylose content in practical production, and breed new male sterile line.Method ‘Peiai 64S’ seeds, which were carried by the agricultural satellite named as “practical #8”, were planted, tracked and directionally selected. The steady sterile line with low amylose content was obtained. In the mean time, according to YUAN Longping’s method for the purification and propagation of PTGMS lines, CSIT was selected and identified by adding pressure.Result The mutant plants with low amylose content (about 8.69%) and low CSIT (below 23.0 ℃) were found. One new mutant line with the dual-low characteristics was identified and named as ‘Hang 17S’. The plant height of ‘Hang 17S’ was 79.62 cm, the flag leaf length and width were 32.54 and 1.82 cm respectively, the panicle number per plant was 11.4, the panicle length was 22.01 cm and the grain number per panicle was about 181. Except for the flag leaf width, there was no significant difference for most of the traits compared with its wild type ‘Peiai 64S’.Conclusion The newly bred ‘Hang 17S’ is much like its wild type ‘Peiai 64S’ for most of the traits except for the dual-low characteristics. And it retains the characteristics of good outcrossing rate and strong combining ability of ‘Peiai 64S’. ‘Hang 17S’ was appraised by the government committee and commercially released in 2015.

Abstract:Objective Low temperature is the main limiting factor affecting cultivation of chewing cane (Saccharum officinarum L.) in north China. To investigate the physiological mechanisms of low temperature adaptation and physiological responses of chewing cane cultivars under low temperature stress，and provide a theoretical basis for chewing cane cold resistance germplasm screening and breed improvement.Method Six chewing cane cultivars seedlings were used as test materials to determinate the effect of low temperature stress on the seedlings using the indexes such as relative conductivity(REC), malondialdehyde (MDA), soluble sugar (SS), soluble protein (SP) and proline (Pro) contents and superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase(APX) activities in artificial simulation low temperature environment. Taking cold resistant coefficient of each physiological index of chewing cane leaves as the index to measure cold resistance capacity, and cold resistance of chewing cane cultivars were comprehensively evaluated using correlation analysis, principal component analysis and membership function analysis based on cold resistant coefficients of these indexes. Evaluations of cold tolerance of six chewing cane cultivars seedlings were made through fuzzy membership function analysis.Result With the extension of low temperature stress time, the REC, SS, SP and Pro contents of six chewing cane cultivar seedling leaves kept the overall rising trend, and the MDA content, the activities of SOD, POD, CAT and APX showed the trend of increasing at first and then decreasing. The cold tolerance order of comprehensive evaluation was ‘Guiguozhe1’>‘Badila’=‘Minyinhuangpiguozhe’>‘Baiyuguozhe’>‘Chuanzhe26’>‘Longheiguozhe’.Conclusion Membership function analysis is simple and accurate, which can be used as an effective method to identify cold hardiness of chewing cane. The adaptabilities of different chewing cane cultivars to long lasting low temperature are different. The cold resistance of chewing cane is not only related to its own genetic factors and physiological characteristics, but also closely related to the external environmental factors.

Abstract:Objective To make clear morphological symptoms of potassium (K) deficiency in banana seedlings, discuss the effects of K deficiency and K resupply on growth and nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), K balance of banana seedlings and provide a basis for nutrition diagnosis and blanced fertilization of banana seedlings.Method Through quartz sand culture experiment, complete nutrient solution cultivation was marked as the control treatment to observe morphological characteristics and appearance time of K-deficient symptoms. K deficiency and K deficiency-resupply treatments were conducted to study the changes of biomass, root morphological parameters and N, P, K uptake of banana seedlings.Result The K-deficient symptoms were old leaves chlorosis, successive orange-yellowing of main veins and margins of middle leaves, small oval spots in leaf margins and reddish brown petioles. When the seedlings were in severe K deficiency, mesophylls near the veins of orange-yellow leaves were blackening and dried to death, the dead leaves were brown, fully expanding new leaves were not erect, and the upper leaves were soft and drooping. K deficiency significantly inhibited the growth of banana seedlings. Compared with CK, the biomass of shoots and roots in K deficiency treatment decreased by 31% and 39% respectively, the length, surface area and volume of roots decreased by 30%, 31% and 34% respectively, and the decrease ranges of fine roots were more than that of middle roots. K deficiency also changed N, P, K balance of banana seedlings. Compared with CK, N contents of shoots, roots and whole plants in K-deficient treatment increased by 19%, 21% and 19% respectively, P contents increased by 40%, 12% and 38% respectively, K contents decreased by 73%, 56% and 72% respectively, N and K uptake decreased, P uptake of roots decreased, N/K and P/K ratios in shoots, roots and whole plants increased significantly, N/P ratio in shoots and whole plants decreased significantly, and N/P ratio in roots increased significantly. After resupplying K in K deficiency treatment, the K-deficient morphological symptoms of banana seedlings disappeared, but the biomass, N, P and K contents and uptakes of banana seedlings could not recover simultaneously. The biomass of banana seedlings was still lower than that of CK, and N contents of shoots, roots and whole plants and P, K contents of roots were higher than those of CK. K contents and uptakes of shoots and whole plants did not increase to normal levels. P uptakes of shoots and whole plants decreased significantly and was lower than that of CK.Conclusion The effects of K deficiency on nutrition status of banana seedlings are significantly greater than that of phenotypic characteristics, and the recovery of nutrition status lags behind phenotypic characters. Banana seedling fertilization should apply to its nutritional characteristics.

Abstract:Objective To provide basic data for following study of heartwood formation of Dalbergia odorifera.Method Four soil moisture content gradients including heavy drought (HD), light drought (LD), dry-season irrigation (DI) and control (CK) were artificially simulated to investigate the effects of soil moisture content on predawn shoot water potential (Ψ_pd), stem respiration rate (R_s), stem growth, and sapwood nitrogen content and their change characteristics in dry season. Result Soil moisture content and Ψ_pd declined continuously in dry season, and significant differences were observed among different treatments since the end of November. R_s increased exponentially with stem temperature (θ) and the coefficients of determination were all greater than 0.65 in every treatment. Temperature sensitivity coefficients (Q₁₀) differed significantly among all water treatments, following the order of DI> CK>LD>HD. θ and R_s declined continuously during dry season and reached their minimum values in January. Significant differences among the θ values of all treatments were only found in winter. DI increased R_s while HD and LD decreased R_s. Stem growth remained stable until the middle of December, and decreased significantly since late December. Stem growth of DI and CK was significantly higher than those of HD and LD. The sapwood nitrogen content remained constant before December and started to decrease since December. Significant differences of the sapwood nitrogen contents among all treatments were found only in winter. R_s explained 56% seasonal variation of stem growth. Sapwood nitrogen content explained 68% seasonal variation of R_s. Ψ_pd explained 49%, 48% and 63% respectively seasonal variation of R_s, stem growth and sapwood nitrogen content. Conclusion Soil moisture content likely promotes the interaction of R_s, stem growth and sapwood nitrogen content by affecting Ψ_pd. DI increases R_s while drought decreases R_s. The θ value and sapwood nitrogen content are affected by soil moisture content only in winter. In addition R_s may partially indicate the changes of heartwood formation.

Abstract:目的 研究不同种植模式对雷州半岛玄武岩母质砖红壤氮磷钾养分状况的影响。方法 以我国雷州半岛的典型玄武岩母质砖红壤为研究对象，对8种不同种植模式下的土壤肥力属性进行方差分析，并运用主成分分析（PCA）方法研究各养分变量的相互关系、土壤综合肥力特征及其障碍因子。结果 研究区不同种植模式对土壤pH、有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷、缓效钾和速效钾含量的影响显著（P<0.001）。主成分分析表明，8种种植模式的土壤综合肥力区分显著（P<0.000 1），这种差异是由不同种植模式下的土壤田间管理方式引起的。香蕉、蔬菜和水稻地的土壤综合肥力较好，其中香蕉地肥力最高，蔬菜和水稻地肥力次之，香蕉地的土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾和缓效钾分别是木薯地的2.55、2.44、3.50、2.30、15.36和7.73倍，但土壤pH较低是香蕉地土壤肥力进一步提高的障碍因子，其土壤pH较木薯地降低了0.89。有机质含量较低则是蔬菜地肥力的限制因子，速效磷含量较低则是水稻地肥力的限制因子；水稻与甘薯、花生与水稻、花生与大豆轮作地的土壤综合肥力中等；而木薯和甘薯地的土壤综合肥力相对较差，有机质和氮素养分缺乏是其综合肥力最低的主要原因。结论 该区域增施有机肥、有机-无机肥料的合理配施以及对土壤酸度的适当调节是进一步提高耕地土壤综合肥力的关键。

Abstract:Objective To determine resistance of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), to common insecticides in Guangdong Province, so as to provide a basis for controlling N. lugens. Method N. lugens were collected from Guangzhou, Leizhou, Liangzhou, Nanxiong, Haifeng, Dapu and Huaiji of Guangdong Province. The resistance of N. lugens to buprofezin, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and pymetrozine were determined by dipping rice seedlings in laboratory. Result N. lugens populations in Guangdong were extremely highly resistant to imidacloprid with the resistance ratios from 161.9 to 3 576.4, highly to extremely highly resistant to buprofezin with the resistance ratios from 93.4 to 1 497.8, and to thiamethoxam with the resistance ratios from 61.0 to 517.8, and less sensitive to pymetrozine with a medium level of resistance ratios from 3.7 to 11.0. Conclusion Imidacloprid, bprofezin and thiamethoxam should be suspended, and pymetrozine should be restricted to use on rice, so as to slow down the insecticide resistance and properly control N. lugens.

Abstract:Objective To explore new active compounds targeting the central nervous system of insects via structural modification of fipronil, and provide practical experience and theoretical guidance for development of new insecticides.Method Using fipronil as the primary material, six new urea derivatives of arylpyrazoles (2a-2f) were synthesized through two step reactions according to intermediate derivatization strategy. The structures were identified by MS, ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR. The bioactivities of the target compounds on third instar larvae of Plutella xylostella were evaluated by the leaf immersion method. The toxic effects of these target compounds on central olfactory neurons in P. xylostella were detected by patch clamp technique.Result The preliminary bioassay showed that compound 2a had the most toxicity with 6.17 μg·mL^-1 LC₅₀ after 12 hours. Electrophysiological data showed that compounds 2b, 2d, 2e and 2f acted on the neurons in a different manner compared to the parent compounds. The membrane potential of the neurons displayed a transient depolarization, and gradually hyperpolarized accompanying with the inhibition of self-generation activities.Conclusion Introducing urea structure to bioactive molecules is a potential strategy to change the way pesticides act on the central nervous system of insects, and provides a guidance for the development of new pesticides.

Abstract:Objective To study the correlation between stand factors, physiological indexes of resistance and occurrence degree of plaster disease in Phellodendron chinense.Method Incidence and disease index of plaster disease were investigated by field survey. Moisture content was represented by bark swelling degree. Protein contents were determined by the Coomassie brilliant blue (G250) method. Enzyme activities were determined by measuring the inhibition of photochemical reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium. MDA content was measured by thiobarbituric acid colorimetric assay.Result The disease index was higher for P. chinense with older tree age. The disease incidence was higher in shady slope compared with sunny slope. The P. chinense forest with single-species composition was more susceptible to disease. After affected with plaster disease, the moisture content of P. chinense bark largely reduced. The relative bark swelling degree had highly significant negative correlation with disease incidence and disease index. The defense enzyme activities of healthy P. chinense bark in three sample plots were higher than those of diseased bark. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity fluctuated greatly, and peroxidase (POD) and phenylalaninammo nialyase (PAL) activities showed significant downward trends for diseased P. chinense. The activities of three enzymes had significant or highly significant negative correlation with disease index. The soluble protein and MDA contents of diseased P. chinense bark significantly increased in the most serious period of disease occurrence. Conclusion Tree age, terrain, species composition had significant influence on occurrence of plaster disease in P. chinense. The bark water content, defensive enzyme activities and MDA content are significantly affected by this disease.

Abstract:Objective Through obtaining phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) gene sequence of Eucalyptus urophylla, to analyze the expression patterns of PAL gene in nine different water-fertilizer treatments and its single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in E. urophylla populations, and provide a basis for studying the correlation between PAL gene and stress resistance of E. urophylla.Method Primers were designed according to PAL gene sequence of E. grandis, and PAL gene sequence of E. urophylla was obtained by gene cloning and sequencing. The expression patterns of PAL gene in different treatments were obtained by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).Result The total length of PAL gene sequence was 4 507 bp, including 166 bp 5'-untranslated region, 411 bp 3'-untranslated region, 1 759 bp intron region and 2 172 bp protein coding region (with two exons, 422 and 1 750 bp respectively). The expression of PAL gene was the most abundant in AT4 treatment, and lowest in AT5 treatment. The PAL gene of E. urophylla was highly similar to that of E. grandis. The SNP sites of PAL gene in E. urophylla were mainly concentrated in intron region, indicating that PAL gene was stably inherited in long-term evolution history.Conclusion The complete length of PAL gene sequence in E. urophylla is 4 507 bp. PAL gene is stably inherited and plays an important role in stress resistance of E. urophylla.

Abstract:Objective To isolate, screen and evaluate Lactobacillus strains with excellent acid-producing ability, and offer materials for application of Lactobacillus in feed industry.Method Using acid flavor food as samples, we isolated and screened Lactobacillus strains, initially according to the size of calcium dissolving zone and subsequently according to acid tolerance. The acid-producing abilities, growth characteristics, low-pH and bile salt tolerance, and antibacterial activities of Lactobacillus strains screened out were further studied.Result Ten Lactobacillus strains capable of growing at pH 3.0 were obtained. Strain SC3A and DJ3 were identified as L. pentosus, and strain SC15, SC16, DJ9B, DJ10C, SC8, DJ8A, DJ8B and DJ9A were identified as L. fermentum. The acid-producing abilities, fermentation growth rate and antibacterial activities of L. pentosus strains DJ3 and SC3A were significantly superior to those of the L. fermentum stains. The L. fermentum strains DJ8A and DJ9B showed higher tolerance to acid environment and bile salt.Conclusion Ten Lactobacillus strains obtained from acid flavor food have strong acid-producing ability, acid tolerance and antibacterial activity, and have application potential in food and feed industries.

Abstract:Objective To identify the gender of Bombyx mori chrysalis in the cocoon by rapid and non-destructive method based on near infrared transmission spectroscopy，improve breeding efficiency and reduce labor cost.Method We used four silkworm varieties including Fu 9, 9 Fu, Xiang 7 and 7 Xiang, and compared their diffuse transmission spectra between 450-950 nm and 900-1700 nm. Partial least squares discrimination analysis (PLSDA), back propagation neural network (BPNN) and support vector machine (SVM) discrimination models were established and compared among different varieties. The robustness of the models was studied through the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve. Characteristic wavelengths were extracted by difference method and genetic algorithm.Result The identification accuracy rates for Fu 9, 9 Fu, Xiang 7 and 7 Xiang varieties were 95.20%, 95.65%, 88.80% and 87.50% respectively using 450-950 nm spectra, and were 100%, 96.00%, 92.22% and 94.21% respectively using 900-1 700 nm spectra. Using PLSDA, BPNN and SVM models resulted in good identification of male and female silkworm pupae, the true female rates were 95.96%, 95.83% and 100%, the true male rates were 98.98%, 96.04% and 82.18%, and the accuracy rates were 97.46%, 95.94% and 90.86%, respectively. Based on the analysis of ROC curve, the PLSDA model was the optimal, followed by the BPNN model. Twenty bands were extracted manually as the equipment input, and the true female rate, true male rate and accuracy rate were 93.75%, 95.45% and 94.57% respectively based on the PLSDA model.Conclusion Diffuse transmission spectra in the near infrared (900-1 700 nm) contains more classification information of male and female pupae compared with the visible-near infrared (450-950 nm). The PLSDA model is the optimal one among three models. After extracting the characristic bands, the accuracy rate can meet the requirements of actual production.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the pelletization characteristics of Flammulina velutipes residues combined with biomass densification technology and explore a new approach to energy utilization of F. velutipes residues.Method The pellets were densified by universal mechanical test mechanism. The effects of moisture content, temperature, compression force and particle size on the quality of pellets were studied using relaxed density (RDS), Meyer hardness (H_M) and specific energy consumption (SEC) as technical indexes of densifying fuel. The cross-section microstructure of the pellets was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) to further verify the effects of densification conditions on pelletization results.Result The residues were all compressed and formed in the stated ranges of moisture content, temperature, compression force and particle size. Combining three pelletization indexes, the optimum technological parameters of F. velutipes residue molding were confirmed as: moisture content 11%-14%, temperature 100-120 ℃, compression force 3-5 kN and particle size 0-5 mm. SEM observation indicated that the increases of temperature and compression force in reasonable ranges could make the combination of pellet particles closer.Conclusion F. velutipes residue has a good pelletization performance and is a kind of relatively easily densified biomass material.

Abstract:Objective To develop an automated greenhouse environmental monitoring and control system based on an NB-IoT low-rate narrow bandwidth networking and 5G low-power massive connection technology.Method Ultra-low power chip MSP430F149 was applied to collect environmental information. Using the NB-IoT's cellular networking platform and the cloud intelligent control system and combining multi-sensor fusion with fuzzy PID-grading control technology, greenhouse environment was controlled according to user needs.Result Using the automated system in greenhouse, the relative error of greenhouse environmental information collection was below 1%, the average control accuracy was 3.57% (±1.0 ℃), the transmission distance was not limited and the automatic regulation of crop growth temperature was realized.Conclusion The system is stable and reliable, and provides a favorable environment for plant growth as well as a strong technical support for crop research.