| Based on human capital theory and farmer behavior theory, this paper establishes a theoretical analysis framework of "human capital - technological progress - grain production efficiency", explains the impact mechanism of labor aging on grain production efficiency and the regulatory effect mechanism of agricultural mechanization, and then collects the micro survey data of Sichuan grain growers in 2022 for empirical analysis and test. The results show that: the relationship between labor aging and grain production efficiency is not a simple positive or negative relationship, but an inverted U-shaped trend with the growth of farmers' agricultural labor age. The population aged 55-60 is the most efficient. When farmers' agricultural labor age is more than 60, the technical efficiency, land productivity and labor productivity of grain production show a downward trend; Agricultural mechanization can not only directly improve farmers' grain production efficiency, but also play a significant positive regulatory role in the impact of aging on technical efficiency, land productivity and labor productivity, that is, agricultural mechanization can alleviate the adverse impact of aging on grain production efficiency. Therefore, the government should focus on promoting the high-quality development of Agricultural Mechanization in the whole process, promote the organic connection between elderly farmers and modern agriculture, and optimize the population structure of agricultural labor force by "introducing" and "cultivating" at the same time. |