In the context of promoting the modernization of national governance system and governance capacity, the regulation of food safety needs to include stakeholders in the whole process to form the governance situation of social co-governance. Through the game analysis of the main actors in the process of food safety regulation, such as government departments, food producers and social organizations, it can be found that the relationship between government and producers is always in a state of change, the main performance is that the government strengthens regulation, urges the producers to standardize the production, guarantees the food safety supervision effect. However, the high regulatory cost makes the government have to reduce the regulatory probability, thus providing space for producers to choose opportunistic behaviors, leading to frequent food safety incidents, and the government has to continue to strengthen regulation. At this time, the probability that the government chooses cooperative regulation with social organizations determines the stable evolutionary result of cooperative cooperation between social organizations and affects the establishment of co-regulation system for food safety. In the process of regulation, the cost of communication and coordination between the government and social organizations and the intensity of regulation over producers need to be explored and clarified in the collaborative governance involving multiple actors.