In the context of rural revitalization, the research on agricultural scale operation needs to reverse the one-dimensional agricultural perspective and increase the community perspective. In view of the lack of attention to the community perspective in existing research, this article focuses on the main characteristics and social foundation of community-based agricultural scale operations. The study found that the autonomy of the decision-making of agricultural scale operation, the endogenity of the agricultural scale operation subject, and the feedback of the development of agricultural scale operation constitute the main characteristics of the community-based agricultural scale operation. In the process of realizing community-based agricultural scale operation, the drive of rural communities constitutes the basic driving force, and local governments and foreign capital are important external factors. Among them, the role of local governments is particularly critical. In the process of agricultural modernization, local governments need to strengthen their own service-oriented government construction on the one hand, and on the other hand they need to stimulate the internal strength of rural communities and guide foreign capital into advantageous areas.