The first-phase economic and trade agreement between China and the United States was successfully signed and is being gradually implemented, but the future direction of bilateral economic and trade relations still faces greater uncertainty. In view of the significant impact of China's early strategic countermeasures on the US agriculture and the fact that China and the US are highly complementary in agricultural trade, China and the US will work together to advance the implementation of the first phase of the agreement based on their own interests. If the first-phase economic and trade agreement is successfully implemented, it will greatly expand China’s imports of US soybeans, pork, cotton and other products, which will make up for the domestic supply and demand gap, but in the meanwhile create greater competitive pressures on the development of related domestic industries. Although the first phase of the agreement is likely to go through, disagreements between China and the United States over subsidies, cyber security and other areas will prevent the relationship from returning to its pre-trade frictions, and it is less likely that all the tariffs will be removed. In the face of uncertainty, we must actively expand opening to the outside world, increase import channels, grasp the timing of procurement, and make good use of foreign resources to regulate the supply of domestic agricultural products; Internally, we must increase investment in science and technology, quality-oriented development of agricultural products with Chinese characteristics, upgrade competitive advantage.