“Non-grain” and “grain-oriented” are two major trends in farmland management in the process of agricultural and rural modernization. In the game of planting food crops or cash crops, the resource endowment, competitiveness and income differences of various business entities determine the dual structure of the business model. Higher comparative returns and absolute returns are the inherent logic of growing cash crops and forming “non-grain”. Saving costs and increasing efficiency and increasing returns on scale are the main logic of “grain-oriented”. In addition, multiple factors such as the national land policy, the level of agricultural mechanization, the socialized service system, and the farm household livelihood patterns all affect the decision-making mechanism of planting behavior. “Non-grain” or “grain-oriented” is a rational choice made by various business entities based on the comprehensive consideration of “economic rationality” and “survival rationality”.