Rural governance modernization is an important part of national governance modernization. Building a scientific evaluation system of rural governance modernization and comparing different types of villages evaluations which can provide theoretical guidance for the reasonable planning of classified promotion path in rural governance modernization. Based on the comprehensive evaluation index system method, this paper constructed a rural governance modernization evaluation system with five evaluation dimensions index which including basic capacity support modernization, public service governance modernization, public affairs governance modernization, public security governance modernization and environmental governance modernization, and 36 specific indicators. Taking 21 typical villages as examples, the evaluation index system was applied in a pilot basis. Results show that 12 typical villages have basically realized the modernization of governance, and the rest are in the development stage. In terms of sub indicators, the modernization of environmental governance and public security governance are at a high level, while the modernization of public service governance is the most prominent short board of rural governance, and the modernization of basic capacity support is equivalent to the modernization of public affairs governance. According to the evaluation of different types villages, the governance weaknesses of suburban integration villages and characteristic protection villages lie in public service governance, and the governance weaknesses of agglomeration promotion villages and demolition-merger villages lie in the support of basic capacity. In the future, all localities should make precise efforts in combination with their own advantages in promoting the modernization of rural governance.