Based on the provincial panel data of China from 2003 to 2020, this paper examines how construction of a unified domestic market can enable rural revitalization, and draws the following conclusions: construction of a unified domestic market can help achieve rural revitalization, and for every unit increase in the national market uniformity, the rural revitalization index will increase by about 0.7423 units. Compared with the central and western regions, this boosting effect is more significant in the eastern region. The sub item test results of rural revitalization show that construction of a unified domestic market can significantly promote industrial prosperity, ecological livability, rural civilization, living prosperity, and it plays the most prominent role in driving industrial prosperity and living prosperity, but its impact on effective governance has not yet been apparent. Mechanism analysis shows that construction of a unified domestic market can promote rural revitalization by promoting scientific and technological innovation and rural entrepreneurship.