Winter learning in traditional society is mainly literacy education in rural areas. After the founding of New China, winter learning not only played a role in eliminating illiteracy, improving the masses' cultural level, but also became an important carrier of national agricultural production education. Agricultural production education centered on winter learning is mainly about ideology and agricultural technology education, which has experienced a series of work from top to bottom such as policy publicity, social organization and rural practice. Through agricultural production education, winter school implanted new ideas in people's minds, stimulated the enthusiasm of the masses in production, improved agricultural production technology, and laid a foundation for the transformation of farmers' ideas, integration of rural social culture and socialist agricultural construction in New China.