Based on the analysis of the theoretical connotation of grain system resilience, this article builds a comprehensive evaluation index system from three dimensions of risk resistance, adaptive adjustment capacity and innovation and transformation ability, and then measures and evaluates China’s grain system resilience from 2011 to 2021 with entropy method, Moran’s I index, Kernel kernel density, spatial Markov chain, Dagum Gini coefficient, etc. The study finds that: (1) China's grain system resilience has improved significantly, but the overall level is low; the grain system resilience’s level in the main grain marketing areas is higher; the index value of sub-dimension from high to low is the risk resistance, innovation and transformation ability, and adaptive adjustment capacity. (2) China's grain system resilience has a significant positive spatial correlation, most provinces are located in high-high agglomeration area and low-low agglomeration area, and the degree of spatial agglomeration gradually decreases. (3) The level of China's grain system resilience rises in fluctuation with a certain gradient effect, but the polarization effect is weak; the increase in the spatial lag level of adjacent regions can increase the probability of upward transfer in this region. (4) The regional differences in the resilience of China's grain system are obvious but there is a certain trend of convergence, and the inter-group differences and hypervariable density are the main reasons for the unbalanced and insufficient development of the toughness of the food system.