The switch of comparative advantage inherent in the rise of a great power will undoubtedly reshape its foreign trade pattern of agricultural products, and therefore affect the trade pattern of the world agricultural markets. From 2000 to 2021, it can be found that the concentration rate of both product and geographical distribution has declined, and a larger role has being played by developing economies in 2021’s new pattern of world agricultural trade (NPWAT) compared with that of 2000. The empirical investigation also shows that China’s rapid rise is the most important impetus fueling the NPWAT of 2021. China has contributed some 9.45% to the growth of global trade volume in agricultural products, decreased the trade concentration ratio both in tradable agricultural products and in trade-participating nations, reconstructed the direction of international trade in agricultural products, uplifted the position of developing countries as a whole in the world agricultural trade markets. In addition, China upholds a new philosophy of “Ensuring the essential self-sufficiency of grains, and absolute security of grain ration”, which succeeded in holding down a fast growth of grain import which could have occurred without that philosophy, and therefore acting as an important forces in stabilizing the trade pattern of international grain market and safeguarding the food security in the world.