Developing new rural collective economy is an important part of comprehensively promoting rural revitalization and an inevitable requirement for accelerating the modernization of Chinese style agriculture and rural areas. Based on the practical experience of mixed ownership reform in state-owned enterprises, this article analyzes the conceptual connotation, practical reasons, basic conditions, and theoretical mechanisms of mixed ownership reform in rural collective economy. Research has shown that the current new rural collective economy generally faces multidimensional challenges such as resource constraints, dual functional conflicts, and inefficient operation and management. Rural collective economic organizations follow the underlying logic of "capital mixing property rights mixing mechanism mixing". On the basis of establishing enterprise legal persons and cooperating with social capital to form mixed ownership operating entities, professional managers are introduced to exercise collective asset management rights. At the same time, incentive and restraint mechanisms and supervision and management mechanisms are sound, which can effectively aggregate internal and external resources, coordinate dual functions, and improve operational efficiency, ultimately achieving market-oriented operation and high-quality development of the new rural collective economy. It should be emphasized that mixed ownership reform is only one of the effective paths for developing a new type of rural collective economy. Its core lies in building a modern enterprise system that is compatible with the socialist market economy system, and allowing market mechanisms to play a greater role in the allocation and operation management of collective resource elements. In the future, while adhering to rural collective ownership, we should accelerate the implementation of mixed ownership reform of rural collective economy in villages with conditions. At the same time, we should pay attention to strict prevention and control of reform risks, multi-dimensional innovation of reform forms, steady opening of property rights structure, effective protection of interests of all parties, and strengthening collective asset supervision.