Based on the weak relative poverty definition criterion modified by the household Equivalent Scale method, this paper used the HAOPI to measure the degree of weak relative poverty by urban and rural areas and by regions of our country based on the data from the China Family Panel Studies. Furthermore, it described its transfer characteristics over time and possible evolution trend in the future from the perspective of time and space. Finally, it described the overall distribution pattern and agglomeration characteristics.The results show that, first, the degree of weak relative poverty in rural areas is higher than that in urban areas, but the decline in the values of measurement indicators is greater. Second, at present, all kinds of weak relative poverty have great possibility to improve, but it is difficult to improve to the best type or fall to the worst type. The results of markov chain and kernel density estimation remind us of the potential polarization of weak relative poverty. Third, the spatial distribution of weak relative poverty in China showed a step-by-step increasing pattern from the east to the northeast to the middle to the west, and it was necessary to pay attention to the increasing contribution rate of intra-provincial disparities to the distribution pattern. The agglomeration characteristics show that there is a "spatial poverty trap" of "high-high" agglomeration in the west and a "poverty alleviation spillover effect" of "low-low" agglomeration in the east. This research argues that the modified definition can reduce the cross miscalculation between low-income groups and middle-income groups. At this stage, the relative poverty management for rural revitalization and common prosperity is bound to be a phased and long-term process, and it is necessary to build a long-term mechanism with the participation and coordination of the whole society.