饲料碳、脂比例对胭脂鱼幼鱼生长及糖代谢的影响
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公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203086-06)


Effects of dietary carbohydrate to lipid levels on growth performance and carbohydrate metabolism of juvenile Chinese sucker, Myxocyprinus asiaticus
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    【目的】研究饲料中碳水化合物(CHO)与脂肪(L)比例[m(CHO)∶m (L)]对胭脂鱼 Myxocyprinus asiaticus 幼鱼生长、饲料利用及糖代谢酶活力的影响,确定其适宜添加比例.【方法】以 m(CHO)∶m(L) 为0.29、0.81、1.58、2.88、5.46和13.22的6种等氮(粗蛋白质量分数41%)等能(16 kJ/g)饲料,投喂初始体质量为(4.01±0.02) g的胭脂鱼幼鱼8周,测定并分析其对胭脂鱼幼鱼增质量率、特定生长率、鱼体营养成分和糖代谢酶活力等指标的影响.【结果和结论】随着饲料 m(CHO)∶m(L) 增加,胭脂鱼幼鱼的增质量率和特定生长率先上升后下降,均在 m(CHO)∶m(L) 为5.46时达到最高,并显著高于其他组(P﹤0.05),饲料系数呈相反趋势;全鱼粗脂肪含量随 m(CHO)∶m(L) 增加显著下降(P﹤0.05),肝脏粗脂肪则呈先降后升的趋势,在 m(CHO)∶m(L) 为2.88时达到最低;肌肉粗脂肪含量在 m(CHO)∶m(L) 为13.22时达最低,且显著低于0.29时(P﹤0.05).随m(CHO)∶m(L) 增加,肝脏三酰甘油的含量显著上升(P﹤0.05),谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶活力先升高后降低,均在 m(CHO)∶m(L) 为2.88时达到最高;肝脏丙酮酸激酶活力随 m(CHO)∶m(L) 增加显著上升(P﹤0.05),而磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸激酶活力则呈下降趋势,己糖激酶和葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶活力无显著变化 (P>0.05).用折线回归模型拟合特定生长率和 m(CHO)∶m(L) 的关系,得到胭脂鱼幼鱼获得最大生长时,饲料中 m(CHO)∶m(L) 为4.65.

    Abstract:

    【Objective】This study investigated the influences of dietary carbohydrate-to-lipid m(CHO)∶m(L) on growth performance, feed utilization and carbohydrate metabolism enzymes activities of juvenile Chinese sucker,Myxocyprinus asiaticus to detect the suitable addition proportion of m(CHO)∶m(L) to the diet of juvenile Chinese sucker.【Method】Six isonitrogenous (crude protein 41%) and isoenergetic (16 kJ/g) diets were formulated to contain with graded levels of m(CHO)∶m(L) (0.29,0.81,1.58,2.88,5.46 and 13.22). Each diet was randomly fed to one treatment of Chinese sucker with an average initial body mass of (4.01±0.02) g for 8 weeks. Mass gain rate(MGR), specific growth rate (SGR), body composition and carbohydrate metabolism enzymes activities of juvenile Chinese sucker were detected and analyzed.【Result and conclusion】The mass gain rate and specific growth rate increased initially but then decreased with the increasing dietary m(CHO)∶m(L), thus reaching the highest in fish fed diets with m(CHO)∶m(L) of 5.46, which was significantly higher than those of fish fed other diets (P<0.05), whereas feed coefficient rates(FCR) showed a converse trend; the crude lipid content in whole body of fish decreased with the increasing dietary m(CHO)∶m(L) significantly (P<0.05), while hepatic crude lipid decreased initially and then increased, reaching the lowest level in fish fed diets with m(CHO)∶m(L) of 2.88; Hepatic triglycercide concentrations increased significantly with the increasing dietary m(CHO)∶m(L) (P<0.05), while activities of aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and alanine aminotransferase(ALT) increased initially and then decreased, reaching the peak with dietary m(CHO)∶m(L) of 2.88; lipid content of muscle was lowest in fish fed diet with m(CHO)∶m(L) of 13.22, which was significantly lower than in fish fed diet with m(CHO)∶m(L) of 0.29 (P<0.05). Hepatic pyruvate kinase(PK) activities increased significantly with the increasing dietary m(CHO)∶m(L) (P<0.05), while phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase(PEPCK) showed a converse trend. No significant difference was observed in activities of hepatic hexokinase(HK) and glucose-6-phosphatase(G-6-pase) among dietary treatments (P>0.05). Based on broken-line regression analysis of SGR against dietary m(CHO)∶m(L), a m(CHO)∶m(L) of 465 was proved to be optimal for the growth of juvenile Chinese sucker.

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张颂,蒋明,文华,黄凤,吴凡,田娟,刘伟.饲料碳、脂比例对胭脂鱼幼鱼生长及糖代谢的影响[J].华南农业大学学报,2014,35(3):1-7

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  • 收稿日期:2013-06-27
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  • 在线发布日期: 2014-04-15