【Objective】The adaptability and resources utilization of main herbaceous populations in habitat of Pinella yaoluopingensis were studied, with an aim to provide guidance and suggestions for protecting and exploiting P. yaoluopingensis. 【Method】 The herb layer in habitat communities of P. yaoluopingensis, an endemic species in Anhui Province was investigated. The niche breadths and overlaps of main herbaceous populations in the communities were measured using Levins-niche breadth, Shaanon-Wiener-niche breadth and Levins-niche overlap indices. 【Result】Among all 17 main herbaceous populations in habitat communities of P. yaoluopingensis, the niche breadths of most populations were wide. Parathelypteris glanduligera, Melica scabrosa and Macleaya cordata had the widest niche breadth, meanwhile, they were also the dominant populations of the herb layer. Arthraxon hispidu, Oenothera stricta and Erigeron annuus had the narrowest niche breadth, followed by P. yaoluopingensis. The important values and niche breadth Bi, Bi′ of main populations were highly significantly correlated, and the correlation coefficients were 0.807(Sig.＝0.000) and 0.707（Sig.=0.002）respectively. Of all population pairs, the population pairs whose niche overlap values were below 0.4 accounted for 83.46%, the population pairs whose niche overlap values were 0 accounted for 38.60%, but the population pairs whose niche overlap values were above 1.0 only accounted for 1.10%. There was no direct relationship between niche breadths and niche overlaps of main herbaceous populations. 【Conclusion】There is little similarity in ecological characteristics for main herbaceous populations in habitat of P. yaoluopingensis. There is no obvious tendency in resource sharing — the main herbaceous populations grow in the communities harmoniously, but there is no advantage in niche breadth for P. yaoluopingensis which is in associated status.