龙眼柔性对辊剥壳机的设计与试验
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“十三五”国家重点研发专项(2017YFD0700704),广东省科技计划(2014B020207001)


Design and experiment of longan flexible counter roll sheller
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    摘要:

    目的 龙眼剥壳是其深加工中的关键工序,针对人工剥壳效率低、机械剥壳损伤大及果肉完整性差等问题,设计了柔性对辊剥壳装置。方法 根据典型龙眼鲜果的物理机械特性,提出了一种先破壳后采用柔性对辊脱壳的方法,对龙眼剥壳机的破壳机构、送料盘、剥壳对辊等关键部件的结构进行设计,其中,破壳刀具切割深度和脱壳柔性对辊的间隙可调。以广东‘储良’龙眼鲜果为研究对象,通过正交试验分析,以对辊间隙、辊子转速和果壳破口为试验因素,剥壳成功率、剥壳损失率和果肉完整性系数为试验指标,进行优化试验。结果 装置中,方便可调的对辊间隙能满足分级后不同直径龙眼的剥壳加工,剥壳装置对不同大小龙眼鲜果的适应性好。对辊间隙对剥壳性能有显著影响,随着对辊间隙由3 mm增至5 mm,龙眼脱壳后的果肉完整性逐渐变差,其损失率由约7%升至18%。各因素对剥壳性能的影响依次为对辊间隙>对辊转速>果壳破口,当对辊间隙为3 mm、对辊转速为13.5 r/min、果壳破口为90°时,龙眼剥壳性能达到最优。结论 该研究为龙眼等柔性果机械剥壳获取灯笼状果肉的深加工研发及剥壳机参数优化提供了参考。

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    Objective Longan shelling is the key process in longan deep processing. Aiming at the problems of low manual shelling efficiency, large mechanical shelling damage and poor pulp integrity, the flexible double roller shelling device was designed.Method The way of first breaking the shell and then using the flexible roll shelling was proposed to break the shell according to the physical and mechanical properties of typical longan fresh fruit. The critical components of the longan shelling machine including the breaking shell mechanism, the feeding pressure plate and the peeling roll were designed. The cutting depth of the shell breaking cutter and the gap between the shelling flexible rollers were adjustable. Taking Guangdong ‘Chuliang’ longan fresh fruit as the research object, orthogonal test analysis was carried out. Three parameters, incuding the roller gap, roller speed and shell break size, were selected as experimental factors. The success rate of shelling, the loss rate of shelling and the integrity coefficient of pulp were selected as indexes to perform optimization test.Result The convenient and adjustable gap between rollers could meet the shelling processing of longan after classification, and the shelling device had good adaptability to longan with different fruit sizes. The roll gap had a significant effect on shelling performance. With the increase of roller gap from 3 mm to 5 mm, the integrity of longan pulp after shelling became worse, and the loss rate increased from about 7% to 18%. The ranking of influence was roller gap > roller speed > shell break size. When the roller gap was 3 mm, the rotation speed was 13.5 r/min and the shell break size was approximately 90°, the machine got the best shucking effect.Conclusion This study provides a reference for further processing of lantern shaped pulp obtained by mechanical shelling of longan and other flexible fruits and the parameter optimization of shelling machine.

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卿艳梅,李长友,曾山.龙眼柔性对辊剥壳机的设计与试验[J].华南农业大学学报,2021,42(3):126-132

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  • 收稿日期:2020-09-17
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  • 在线发布日期: 2021-04-28